英语零基础句子结构省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

英语句子结构 基本成份基本成份 从属成份从属成份 独立成份独立成份 省略成份省略成份 连接成份连接成份 简单句简单句 并列句并列句 复合句复合句第1页 主语 系动词 表(S+LV+predicative)主语 不及物动词 （S+Vi）主语 及物动词 宾语(S+Vt+O)主语动词+间宾+直宾(S+Vt+O.indir+O.dir)主语 动词 宾语 补语 (S+Vt.+O+O.compl)简单句五种基本句型简单句五种基本句型主语、动词（不及物动词、及物动词、双宾动词、系动词、宾补动词)、宾语及补语能够称为基本句子成份基本句子成份。完整句子普通最少包含2个基本成份，至多4个基本成份。第2页nounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ing V-edetc.主语谓语宾语宾语宾补表语宾语(间)宾语(直)Vt系动词ViNoun/PronounThe+adjV-ingNoun/Pronoun/The+adjV-ing/Clause/Infinitivebe/feel/seem/lookappear/stand/lie become/get/grow/turn go/come/remain/keeptaste/smell etc.nounpronounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ing/V-edclauseetc.第3页1、主语 系动词 表语（主语补语）She is happy2、主语 不及物动词She came/My head aches.3、主语 及物动词 宾语She likes English.4、主语 动词 间接宾语 直接宾语She bought John a book/She bought a book for John.5、主语 动词 宾语 补语She makes her mother angryThe teacher asked me to read the passage.简单句基本句型实例简单句基本句型实例第4页There be 结构1、定义：There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人。2、结构：(1)There is+单数可数名词/不可数名词+地点状语.(2)There are+复数名词+地点状语.注意事项：there是引导词，在句中不充当任何成份，翻译时也无须译出。句子主语是某人或某物，谓语动词be要与主语（某人或某物）数保持一致。当主语是两个或两个以上名词时，谓语动词要与跟它最近那个名词一致。如：There is a bird in the tree.树上有一只鸟。There is a teacher and many students in our classroom.我们教室里有一位老师和许多学生。There are two boys and a girl under the tree.树下有两个男孩，一个女孩。第5页1.不定式(to do)Father will not allow us to play on the street.父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。2.名词 At the meeting we elected him monitor.在会上我们选他为班长。I think your brother a clever boy.我认为你弟弟是一个聪明男孩。3.形容词 I found the classroom empty.我发觉教室是空。4.副词 Please call the students back at once.请立马把学生叫回来。5.现在分词 We hear him singing in the hall.我们听见他在大厅里唱歌。I found him lying in bed,sleeping.我发觉他躺在床上睡觉。6.过去分词 He saw his face reflected in the water.他看见自己脸倒映在水中。认识补语认识补语第6页从属成份从属成份基本成份修饰语。能够是：定语：即用来修饰名词单词、短语或从句 状语：即用来修饰名词或代词以外词单词、短语或从句。定定 语语Poor John tottered toward a hospital nearby可怜约翰摇摇摆摆地向附近一家医院。She likes oranges imported from the USA.她喜欢从美国进口橙子。John gave Mary many books，which are full of illustrations约翰给玛丽很多书,充满了插图。Have you seen the book on the desk?你看到过桌子上书吗？The boy playing over there is my brother.在那边玩那个男孩是我弟弟。People there like sports.那里人喜欢运动。第7页John often came to chat with meJohn likes oranges very muchWhenever he gets drunk，John makes Mary very angryHearing the news,he jumped with joy.As he was ill,he didnt come to class yesterday.She is sitting at the desk,doing her homework.My father worked in this school ten years ago.Youd better stay here.状状 语语第8页Examples:Oh！What is that！（惊叹词）He has，alas，failed again(哎呀,唉)Come here，John（呼语）Roll on，Ocean，roll on(流动啊，海洋，流动)句中能够去掉成份，去掉后不影响句子完整性。这种成份和句子其它词没有语法关系。独立成份第9页（You）Come here过来。（I wish you）Good luck！祝你好运！Some gave him praises，but others（gave him）rotten eggs有些人给他一些赞扬,但其它人(给他)臭鸡蛋。He runs as fast as,if (he does)not(run)faster,than you.他跑得和你一样快，假如他跑得不比你快话。(I)Hope you like it.（我）希望你喜欢。John should clean the room today and Peter(should clean it)tomorrow.约翰今天应该清扫房间，彼得明天（应该清扫）。句中被省略成份，即使未说出来，却在句中表示一定意思：省略成份第10页1、连接成份实际上是一个连词，用来连接两个或几个平行词、短语和分句。这种连词叫做并列连词。He tried hard but he was unsuccessful.他努力了不过他失败了。I used to live in Paris and London.我过去住在巴黎和伦敦。2、另一类连接成份是用来连接两个句子、且一个句子隶属于另一个句子（即从句）连词。这类连词叫隶属连词。隶属连词主要用于引导各种从句。He said that he did not want to go.他说他不想去。You may come if you want to.假如你愿意，你能够来。一个完整句子（主句或从句）必须包含2个到4个基本成份，另外，假如意思上有需要，还可包含一个或更多其它句子成份。连接成份连接成份第11页总结：总结：句子必须主谓俱备句子必须主谓俱备普通情况下主在谓前普通情况下主在谓前表语定在系动词后表语定在系动词后宾语有双宾结构和复合结构（宾补），宾补必定宾语有双宾结构和复合结构（宾补），宾补必定在宾语后在宾语后定语不一定在它修饰词前面定语不一定在它修饰词前面状语最灵活，功效最为强大状语最灵活，功效最为强大除了谓语、宾补之外，其它都能够由从句充当除了谓语、宾补之外，其它都能够由从句充当第12页简单句只有一个限定动词（即只有一个主谓结构），它是最小句子单位。主要起以下四种作用中一个。作一个陈说 提出一个问题 发出一个命令或请求 表示一个感叹Examples:The boy hit the dog./The dog bit the boy.男孩打了狗。狗咬了那个男孩。The girl read the books./The books pleased the girl.那个女孩读了那些书。这些书使那个女孩很高兴。Stephen apologized at once.斯蒂芬马上道了歉。Does the shop close at 7 tonight?商店今晚7点关门吗?Shut the door.关上门What a slow train this is!这列火车真慢!第13页简单句扩展成份简单句扩展成份简单句主语、宾语能够加上一个短语（如定语）来扩展，及物动词或不及物动词也能够与其它短语（如状语）连用进行扩展。I bought a rain coat with a warm lining.我买了一件有暖和衬里雨衣。The dog jumped through the window.狗从窗户跳了出去。He is saving up to buy a mobile phone.他正在存钱买手机。A bright little boy with rosy cheeks put three bottles of milk quietly on my doorstep before seven oclock.一个面色红润小男孩在七点钟以前，悄悄地把三瓶牛奶放在我门阶上。He worked like a madman in the garden on Saturday.星期六他在花园里疯狂地工作。The young girl with long black hair seems to be very happy.那个长着长长黑发年轻女孩似乎很高兴。第14页两个简单句主语能够连词and、but、both.and、eitheror、neithernor、not onlybut also等连词连接组成一个简单句，但应注意主语和谓语动词一致性。1、The boss is flying to Paris.His secretary is flying to Paris.The boss and his secretary are flying to Paris.Both the boss and his secretary are flying to Paris.老板和他秘书都要飞往巴黎。2、The boss is flying to Rome.His secretary is not flying to Rome.The boss but not his secretary is flying to Rome.老板而不是他秘书正飞往罗马。3、The boss may be flying to Berlin.His secretary may be flying to Berlin.Either the boss or his secretary is flying to Berlin.不是老板就是他秘书要飞往柏林。4、The boss is not flying to York.His secretary isnt flying to York.Neither the boss nor his secretary is flying to York.老板和秘书都没有飞往约克。主语、谓语、宾语合并第15页并列句并列句需把几个意思连接在一起时，可用分号或把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来，这种结构即组成一个并列句。用分号：We fished all day;we didnt catch a thing.我们整天钓鱼;我们什么也没发觉。用分号，后跟一个连接副词：We fished all day;however,we didnt catch a thing.我们整天钓鱼但我们什么也没发觉用并列连词（如and、but、so、yet等）We fished all day,but(we)didnt catch a thing.我们整天钓鱼但我们什么也没发觉第16页并列句并列句惯用并列连词惯用并列连词coordinating conjunctions平行并列连词平行并列连词:转折并列连词：转折并列连词：因果并列连词因果并列连词:选择并列连词选择并列连词:and,bothand,not onlybut also,neithernor,and thenbut,however,while,yetfor,soor,eitheror第17页并列句并列句并列句词序：并列句基本上保留了简单句词序。主语 谓语 宾语 连词 主语 动词 表语Jimmy fell off his bike but (he)wasnt hurt.五种简单句型可用并列连词连接起来组成并列句。1、主 谓 状（方式）连 主 谓 表Frank worked hard and (he)became an architect.弗兰克努力工作，成为了一名建筑师。2、主 谓 宾 连 主 谓 地点I have got a cold,so I am going to bed.我感冒了，所以我要去睡觉。3、主 谓 宾 宾补 连 主 谓 宾They made him chairman,but(they)didnt increase his salary.他们任命他为主席，但没有增加他薪水。第18页Exercise:请用适当并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句请用适当并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句。He was tired,so he went to bed.1.He was tired.He went to bed.他累了。他上床睡觉了。2.The child hid behind his mothers skirt.He was afraid of the dog.孩子躲在妈妈裙子后面。他害怕那条狗。3.He made a promise.He didnt keep it.他许下诺言。他没有恪守它。He made a promise,but He didnt keep it.The child hid behind his mothers skirt,for he was afraid of the dog.第19页由一个主句和一个或者一个以上从句所组成句子。在英语书面语中应用广泛。主句是一个完整句子,它能够独立存在。从句是一个不完整句子,它必须和一个主句连用，不能独立存在。复合句能够经过把两个以上简单句连接在一起组成,但复合句各组成部份并非同等主要，其中一个句子由隶属连词引导（从句），用以修饰另一句子（主句）。复合句=主句+从句复合句复合句第20页复合句是在简单句基础上，经过隶属连词将两个或两个以上简单句连接在一起而组成。隶属连词所引导从句起形容词、名词、副词作用。复合句主要包含以下类型从句：1.主语从句 2.宾语从句3.表语从句 4.定语从句5.状语从句 6.同位语从句 英文写作中最常使用从句英文写作中最常使用从句1.宾语从句宾语从句2.状语从句状语从句 3.定语从句定语从句第21页复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句+隶属连词+简单句He told me the news.that the match had been cancelled.宾语how much he was prepared to pay for my car.that I could have the money without delay.how much he was prepared topay for my car and that I couldhave the money without delay.when he was leaving for Paris.that his fatherwas working in that school.宾语从句第22页复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句+隶属连词+简单句I dont know him.He has finished his work that he has finished his work.whether he has finished his work.宾语从句He is leaving for Washington.that he is leaving for Washington.when he is leaving for Washington.why he is leaving for Washington.how he is leaving for Washington.whether he is leaving for Washington.第23页复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句+隶属连词+简单句the people surprised That What he saidwhat he did主语That he didnt know the answer in the room.定语who were sitting in the room.who were present.whose sons were at war.who had signed the contract.第24页复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句+隶属连词+简单句That is the fact.表 语what he needs.what he gave me.why he was late.because he was ill.what has happened.第25页复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句+隶属连词+简单句He worked in that factory three years ago.地点状语时间状语where his father workedin that factorywhere I livedwhen he lived thereHis father worked there.I lived there.He lived there three years ago.第26页复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句+隶属连词+简单句Put the book on the desk.where you took it.where it was.地点状语where you found it.You cant camp 露营 here.where there are a lot of trees.wherever you like.第27页指出以下各从句类型指出以下各从句类型vI believe that everything is going on well.vShe was reading a novel when I came in.vShe is the girl who sings best in my class.宾语从句状语从句定语从句Practice第28页用所给连词连接句子。He has found out.She was late.(why)He has found out why she was late.他已经知道她为何迟到了。I still remember the day.I first went to York on that day.(when)I still remember the day when I first went to York.我依然记得我第一次来那一天去了纽约。将各组句子连接为一个含有状语从句复合句。PracticeHe didnt come yesterday.He was ill.(原因)He didnt come yesterday because he was ill.他昨天没来，因为他病了。第29页Ill give the letter to him.I see him.（时间）It is such a big box.Nobody can move it.（结果）Well go to the great wall.Its fine tomorrow.(条件)We should not go there all the time.The place is quite pleasant.(让步）It is such a big box that nobody can move it.这是一个如此大箱子，没有些人能移动它。Well go to the great wall if its fine tomorrow.假如明天天气好，我们就去长城Although the place is quite pleasant,we should not go there all the time.即使那个地方很舒适，但我们不应该总是去那里。Ill give the letter to him when I see him.Ill give the letter to him as soon as/the moment I see him.我一见到他就把信给他。第30页T H E E N D第31页