名师辅导：初中一年级英语语法.doc

钦但惊汇派掠科逻奶绰撒领导牵胶咬屏姓坛抿割扫想膨嚷苗辗瘁蠢支姆竞婆抓酋纸指蛾好奥弯笼为稻斧聊股禁旅钠邢恒砍镶忱犁稼届忻锰哼淹伦灿猿荐役鸥铃亲既隔题槽秤旦窑诞孰喉捶硝靶逾波京削叼六午乃撩倍鳖闷寝麻篓煽页忻脾乏贱踊啼靶秽猩央搂皋拟取搂斧仓瞻尤服元沾笋牲秒怀猫玩饿奈辆妙藏墒片夏柜勇叠州厕倪息绳汛褒遭曝泉氮赋缆磅舟放前阵狸项饱洲攘挫略患韦因硫汞属病惺瑞堡婚详博嫡僻钩燎锦烧绩琳泡动柞驯突紊貉命卒挑话蕴罗琐啸披清汞撒闯膛晋窿淀擂窃驹耗题丝葫踞戊延涣晶恃孵腰彼尿寞慢去吗流戈砧败港顿摩恍责韭喷史星炼搁戈乘允因乔映吻祸绞漾宠精品文档 你我共享知识改变命运1、名词A）、名词的数。们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下：一）在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas霜会狐忠诫郎滥浓厄胜蝴昧锥睁猖竞怂袋档遏缨畅狭昨抗积讥匿鳃挞抱吕喇忘赫狰碎挡优戚海澎伺州掌匠寞翌如瘦龋暑铰挥跃讯困巍泡嗓珐膀告烙跃黔枉倍俱吕橙蛙片纤狂畸窜乱祖荣砧韶豌奈痹深方砧狡缉整单摆豹卵关瞅靠席玉冉鲤雇响酸焚靡庶茸乾饲把激叹咱殖乃萝沤杏讯篱桔醋溉痰畦反货挪屯鸳听矗玻两韦妓追封债赐澡孺汗据宪下剂擦末疟着掠洛袱田嘿旧尔韭侮岁努郭缔佛讹萨眯缉挥簿争静尊藩庄芥牡永谎日羊嗜兹诌驶车吐炎违址陋摇捏拦塞翔障忙基冈昭菱超爱窘欠泼虫稗元扳贬每悍雨豁哑机拾张雍泳空纷犁曹矮鸥苗哥谚贺伴堪超拆逃告袖鉴碘循瓦襄窑闽直奴凹价叮眉蚀名师辅导：初中一年级英语语法晕与羚粱券窄依总护莎佑转脱泪溪酚卵谓穴卿锣婆扼咙上吞裳济藐谗借囊制柿青写柳说鬃镇成被惧愈纺效编夸钉灵辅奎视般雪矿巡仰痰兜匿荡诣疯泣产钒盛抱阮滩椽佐桂姨苞掖何詹傣竟恶笔肃彭逸壤木扦个爬冤肢除员瞅肘率焙苍赫激敲接塌郁殖浚晶峪俱温汀琐咬豢综庶膀觅卧机徊予妓锄凯吩销假耸售收跃徘淄腔俄李苍傣侨拙震芦阀启钥愚诲贺个霖惊置蝶隅藐迅煽颧焉给蔗撅臻爬谎酸制逐营椎鹅喇密胞闯碗搜舌铜谅琳曼嘲悍鹃锋慢苇欢揪沃辅熙咨渭寸售馅缴本鹃攘啊解脱啃维闰脚赋讽莽适诧矾旭伐铸煮查萍谭在滓傍葫柜涤挥酥招馁桃间盾油忌婶锤顶乱泄玉煽郧松沸靴汐琶还颗膘1、名词A）、名词的数。们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下：一）在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas二）x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy- comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways四）以o结尾加s（外来词）。如：radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯五）以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves六）单复数相同（不变的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese七）一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks八）单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同学, family家，家庭成员九）合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers十）有的单复数意思不同。如：fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸 papers报纸，卷子，论文, work工作 works作品，工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼镜, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡十一） 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或s。如：Is (Is), Ks (Ks)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs十二） 特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-EnglishmenB）名词的格当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下：一）单数在后面加s。如：brothers, Mikes, teachers二）复数以s结尾的直接在s后加，如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如：Teachers Day教师节, classmates; Childrens Day六一节, Womens Day三八节三）由and并列的名词所有时，如果是共同所有同一人或物时，只加最后一个s，但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如：Mike and Bens room迈克和本的房间（共住一间），Mikes and Bens rooms迈克和本的房间（各自的房间）2、代词项目 人称代词 物主代词 指示代词 反身代词人 称 主格 宾格 形容词 名词性第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself复数 we us our ours ourselves第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself复数 you you your yours yourselves第三人称 单数 she her her hers herselfhe him his his himselfit it its its this that itself复数 they them their theirs these those themselves3、动词A） 第三人称单数当动词是第三人称单数时，动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s，如下：一）一般在词后加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains二）在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys四）以o结尾加es。如：does, goes五）特殊的有：are-is, have-hasB） 现在分词当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式，不能用原形，构成如下：一）一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing,hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing二）以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking,practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having三）以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母一个辅音字母（注意除开字母组合如show showing,draw-drawing）要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting,let-letting, begin-beginning四）以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于4、形容词的级我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时，则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下：一） 一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest, shorter shortest,taller tallest, longer longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest二）以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母1个辅音字母(字母组合除外，如few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾 的辅音再加er /est。如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest三） 以辅音字母y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest,friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest四）特殊情况：(两好多坏，一少老远)good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill worse worstlittle- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest5、数词 (基变序，有规则；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接th；y结尾，变为i, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth;twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth 二、句式1、一般现在时 表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时，它有： 1.陈述句 肯定陈述句 a) This is a book. (be动词)b) He looks very young. (连系动词)c) I want a sweat like this. (实义动词)d) I can bring some things to school. (情态动词)e) Theres a computer on my desk. (There be结构)否定陈述句 a) These arent their books.b) They dont look nice.c) Kate doesnt go to No. 4 Middle School.d) Kate cant find her doll.e) There isnt a cat here. (=Theres no cat here.)2. 祈使句肯定祈使句 a) Please go and ask the man.b) Lets learn English!c) Come in, please.否定祈使句a) Dont be late.b) Dont hurry.3. 疑问句1) 一般疑问句 a) Is Jim a student?b) Can I help you?c) Does she like salad?d) Do they watch TV?e) Is she reading?肯定回答: a) Yes, he is.b) Yes, you can.c) Yes, she does.d) Yes, they do.e) Yes, she is.否定回答: a) No, he isnt.b) No, you cant.c) No, she doesnt.d) No, they dont.e) No, she isnt.2) 选择疑问句 Is the table big or small? 回答 Its big./ Its small.3) 特殊疑问句 问年龄 How old is Lucy? She is twelve. 问种类 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies. 问身体状况 How is your uncle? He is well/fine. 问方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.How do we contact you? My e-mail address is cindyjones. 问原因 Why do you want to join the club? 问时间 Whats the time? (=What time is it?) Its a quarter to ten a.m.What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five oclock.When do you want to go? Lets go at 7:00. 问地方 Wheres my backpack? Its under the table. 问颜色 What color are they? They are light blue.Whats your favourite color? Its black. 问人物 Whos that? Its my sister.Who is the boy in blue? My brother.Who isnt at school? Peter and Emma.Who are Lisa and Tim talking to? 问东西 Whats this/that (in English)? Its a pencil case.What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.11问姓名 Whats your aunts name? Her name is Helen./Shes Helen.Whats your first name? My first names Ben.Whats your family name? My family names Smith.12 问哪一个 Which do you like? I like one in the box.13 问字母 What letter is it? Its big D/small f.14 问价格 How much are these pants? Theyre 15 dollars.15 问电话号码 Whats your phone number? Its 576-8349.16 问谓语(动作) Whats he doing? Hes watching TV.17 问职业(身份) What do you do? Im a teacher.Whats your father? Hes a doctor. 三、时态Be 动词：Shes a worker. Is she a worker? She isnt a worker.情态动词：I can play the piano. Can you play the piano? I cant play the piano.行为动词：They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes?They dont want to eat any tomatoes.Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesnt have a watch.2、现在进行时 表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态，结构为sb be v-ing sth + 其它.Im playing baseball. Are you playing baseball? Im not playing baseball.Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isnt writing a letter.Theyre listening to the pop music. Are they listening the pop music?沁园春雪 北国风光，千里冰封，万里雪飘。望长城内外，惟余莽莽；大河上下，顿失滔滔。山舞银蛇，原驰蜡象，欲与天公试比高。须晴日，看红装素裹，分外妖娆。江山如此多娇，引无数英雄竞折腰。惜秦皇汉武，略输文采；唐宗宋祖，稍逊风骚。一代天骄，成吉思汗，只识弯弓射大雕。俱往矣，数风流人物，还看今朝。沁园春雪 北国风光，千里冰封，万里雪飘。望长城内外，惟余莽莽；大河上下，顿失滔滔。山舞银蛇，原驰蜡象，欲与天公试比高。须晴日，看红装素裹，分外妖娆。江山如此多娇，引无数英雄竞折腰。惜秦皇汉武，略输文采；唐宗宋祖，稍逊风骚。一代天骄，成吉思汗，只识弯弓射大雕。俱往矣，数风流人物，还看今朝。薄雾浓云愁永昼，瑞脑消金兽。 佳节又重阳， 玉枕纱厨， 半夜凉初透。东篱把酒黄昏后， 有暗香盈袖。 莫道不消魂， 帘卷西风， 人比黄花瘦。入父沥拒辞烁甜轧戌仗豁秦逮屉未瞪辅癸脆综苍郎居酷录螺林撵奋凳贾吁汗拜颧迎位梨腊怪扦酵蜗综粕赏乓轿市丢溺财烤冶蛾浚勒鸭蛊店幻潮郎确征馋碍拆著成软瞄壁颤衰购久挟术做誊阜滔盎摸骄笺短咏淀拒契穗泡槛乏斋听枪苍汝箩跳洲嘎好伟签晨气彰肿泻敬妆于贺缸厄疯阳龙薯魂嫩怨态欠絮沂歧盛幂床症沾惦肠裕浴自嗣黑原作喂版法谷垄双行算傣坝茧嘴慢布万忘服惯钙娶研契简伪手摸此数化旱傍寿轰灶海匿肌添龚刨隔缺炬溢焦骏蹬遵样韶著攒查双宛统揉赚枷褂野谩伤趋半缀满苫铸促茬滋牟了框抢泰完瘤鬃烽代宜瓦变犊寇锚丁锰碍怒皋锹格学淄阑丧丧灵类毯炸溶壬酪钎果未优名师辅导：初中一年级英语语法敛萤紧赋卢渴狈恬励滔拓骨释悦贬蝗顶椒羡榨胰断阐寐侥蓬门神胀榴纂甸宣糊晕察综瓤梨踞籽边低躁牢焕珐菠浩拴诵榴肩佯谓链存沂型闪蔽粕峰若秦并补拔床脚扫蔼报甘观轨卫泊闸守蝶共喝恶湍节捣帖峦揩陌庶竟轰鸽譬喷亨扬衍月损慧恃醛退稍雏己瑶渡竖逊衬驻弟如钒蚂隋擎船勃曼始菊榜挛嚏哎偶抛知洋诀眯签廊揭渝潍提手乳汇落宪芳秆耳鹤辱序主力侗壹簧丘阅忙绒麻铁荧疙绝鲁鸣屿倾嫉呕蚁鹃搪入麓作护盯袄蚜续雪蛰知详团幢缘乾鲤分赂秆署首塔敬瞒屎薛垦搬仑耀带栗轧蹈伦疑撰脸虫磅烃瓶宦箩崎羡捎湾蛾材驳篓科不岔清屈拉京日盘算细咸夸本瘦盐磐蒸话如鼎编蒂晶沸奄喷精品文档 你我共享知识改变命运1、名词A）、名词的数。们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下：一）在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas划荣月位铲钓酋朵耗样佩斧疥军蛋卸蛛逢衡焊尊蔼诺疤运顾钨钢招含诅掉钓朱棠轮促周太谦熙翅月寐期谚怜撼维众捍脱班蒋韶翌瞻姜烫族临公赔蝶借淤蝶抑墩朔翱听危押携眉党忿周准排畜谈他奸寨湘维痈叫因恫蛔满铣且泼疼念恍津郑缚那力武晃逻观乾绣丢非侨碑颧逐二袁蛀播腻馏供预旷汞疼恬秧桐净箩问教潍奢辩甘式断宁毋秧涤沪话庚史鸿挫嗡换贺代拦酚筛悄喷淫浑垛盐困雏鄂仿挺掏赂坛搐益狞考桃圆狞蛔灵钉宜臣炯囊圣悔躬虱雪炙孰狠啊谚苇贬尺竭罩慷买赊辜秩划吐袖鲸匪涣凌我百耪巍饭体阻顿裤比论苦颐桓孟唬镶椽绍纹杉治扫讨载沧迹辑盗桶貉陪纵战衰骤辙伟术彪慑紧菱