2018届中考英语基础知识复习检测11.doc

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八年级(下)　Units 3—4
,中考基础知识梳理
类别
课标考点要求

词
汇
攻
关
1.borrow→(反义词)________
2．independent→(名词)独立________
3．develop→(名词)________
4．fair→(名词)________→(反义词)________
5.ill→(名词)________
6．communicate→(名词)________
7．second→(副词)________
8．usual→(反义词)________→(副词)________
短
语
归
纳
1.倒垃圾________________
2．频繁，反复________________
3．一……就……，尽快________________
4．目的是，为了________________
5．依靠，依赖________________
6．照顾，处理________________
7．快速查看，浏览________________
8．重要的事________________
9.成功地发展，解决________________
10．和睦相处，关系良好________________
11．删除，删去________________
12．比较，对比________________
13．依……看________________
14．吃惊地，惊讶地________________
15．随时，马上，在任何时刻________________
16．过来，顺便拜访________________
句
型
再
现
1.“你能扫一下地板吗？”“好的，当然可以。”
—________________ sweep the floor?
—Yes，________．
2．他们应该将时间花在学业上，为的是取得好成绩并考上好大学。
They should spend their time on schoolwork ________________ and ________ a good university.
3．同时，当他们长大后，他们将不得不做家务，所以他们现在没必要做家务。
Also，when they get older，they will have to do housework so ________________ now.
4．我认为做家务并不是很难，我并不介意做家务。
I think ____________ is not so difficult.I ____________ them.
5．昨天我发现我的妹妹在翻阅我的东西。
I found my sister ________________ my things yesterday.
6．相反，他想看什么就看什么，一直看到深夜。
Instead he watches ________________ until late at night.
7．孩子们越早学会独立，对他们的未来就越好。
____________ kids learn to be independent，____________ it is for their future.
8．你为何不与你的家人谈谈这些感受呢？
________________ these feelings with your family?
9．人们不该把自己的孩子逼得太紧。
People ______________ their kids so hard.
10．他们总是把他们和其他孩子作比较。
They ________ them with other children.
语法
结构
1.情态动词could表示请求、允许的用法。
2．表示征求意见或提出建议的句型。

话题
1.Chores and permission(家务和许可)
2.Interpersonal communication(人际沟通)
,贵阳五年中考真题演练
◆词汇类
(　　)1.(2014贵阳38题)This math problem is so hard that I can't ________.Please give me some advice.
A．look out it　　B．work it out
C．give it out
2．(2013贵阳93题)Alex will go for a picnic instead of ________ at home this weekend.(stay)
(　　)3.(2012贵阳32题)Linda is not good at Chinese，but she passed the exam ________ the help of her classmates.
A．with　　B．under　　C．without
4．(2012贵阳92题)—When is Mother's Day?
—It's on the ________(two) Sunday in May every year.
◆情态动词
(　　)5.(2014贵阳42题)In China and some other countries，it is impolite to speak loudly ________ you are having a meal.
A．before　　　B．while　　　C．after
◆句型类
(　　)6.(2013贵阳35题)“what should I get my mom for her birthday？”“why ________ get her a scarf？”
A．don't you B．do you C．are you,贵阳中考重难点突破

　neither adv.也不
【考点抢测】
1．—I don't think I can walk any further.
—________(我也不能)．Let's stop here for a rest.
2．—What would you like，tea or coffee?
—________(都不要)．Just a glass of orange juice.
3．两个女孩以前都没看过这部电影。
________ the movie before.＝________ the movie before.
4．Both of them have been to New York.(变为否定句)
________ of them ________ been to New York.
【满分点拨】
代　词
(1)作主语，谓语动词常用单数
(2)常与of连用，neither of＋名词复数
Neither of them was in good health，but both of them worked very hard.他们两个人身体都不好，但工作都非常努力。
形容词
(1)用在单数名词之前
(2)其修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词用单数Neither answer is right.两个答案都不对。
副　词
放于句首，用倒装语序，表示“……也不”
neither＋be/助动词/情态动词＋主语
—He doesn't go to school by bike.
—Neither do I.
—他不骑自行车上学。
—我也不骑。
短　语
(1)neither…nor…表示“既不……也不……”，连接两个并列成分表否定；反义短语both…and…，连接同等成分表示肯定
(2)连接主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”
Neither I nor he knows it.
我和他都不知道此事。
　辨析borrow，lend与keep
【考点抢测】
borrow，lend，keep
5．—May I ________ your bike?
—Certainly，but you mustn't ________ it to others.
6．I ________ this book for two weeks.I have to return it now.
7．She ________ him some money.＝She ________ some money to him.＝He ________ some money from her.
(　　)8.(2015贵阳十八中模拟)I can ________ you my dictionary，but you can ________ it for only a week.

A．lend；borrow B．borrow；keep
C．lend；keep
【满分点拨】
borrow，lend与keep的用法区别：都表示“借”，但“借法”各有不同。

borrow
借进
说话人向别人借东西供自己用，常用于borrow sth. from sb.结构中，为终止性动词

lend
借出
即说话人把自己的东西借给别人用，常用于lend sth. to sb.或lend sb. sth.结构中，为终止性动词
—Can I borrow this book？我可以借这本书吗？
—Yes，but you mustn't lend it to others.可以，但你不许借给别人。
keep
保存，
保留
用于表示借用的时间长度，可以和表示时间段的时间状语及how long等连用
—How long may I keep this book？这本书我可借多长时间？
—Two weeks.两周。
【图解助记】

【注意】意为“归还”时return是及物动词，后直接加物，加to可再接人，即return sth. to sb. 如：You should return the piano to Dick on time.你应该按时把钢琴还给迪克。
　辨析while与when
【考点抢测】
when，while
9．I was listening to the radio ________ he came in.
10．________ he came back，I was doing some washing.
11．He feel asleep ________ he was reading.
12．He asked me a question ________ I was speaking.
13．He was watching TV ________ she was cooking.
【满分点拨】
while与when：当……的时候
while强调同时性或某时间段内一种情况发生时另一种情况出现，在while引导的时间状语从句中，其谓语动词只能是延续性的，而且也只能与主句中的谓语动词同时发生或存在；when说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时，也可以是先后发生；可与延续或非延续性动词连用。如：
While Jim was repairing his bike，Lin Tao came to see him.正当吉姆修自行车时，林涛来看他。
You can't do your homework while you're watching TV.你不能一边看电视一边做家庭作业。
When the teacher came in，we were talking.当老师进来时，我们正在说话。
I was doing my homework when my mother came back home yesterday evening.昨天晚上妈妈回家的时候，我正在做家庭作业。
when和while的区别还在于：while引导的时间状语从句多用进行时态，而when引导的时间状语从句多用一般时态。
【拓展】while还可以表示对比或转折，意为“而，然而”。此时，while一般位于句中。如：
Some people waste food while others don't have enough.有些人浪费粮食，然而有些人却吃不饱。
You like sports，while I prefer music.你喜欢体育，而我更喜欢音乐。
　辨析provide与offer
【考点抢测】
provide，offer
14．The hostess ________ us a cup of coffee＝The hostess ________ a cup of coffee ________ us.
15．We ________ food ________ the hungry children.＝We ________ the hungry children ________ food.
(　　)16.(2015贵阳十九中模拟)The cars will be ________ to people all over the country.
A．provided　　B．bought　　C．supplied
【满分点拨】
provide，give和offer的区别
三个词均有“供给；供应”之意，区别主要在结构上。
(1)providefor＝providewith
(2)give ＝giveto
(3)offer强调“主动提供”
offer ＝offerto
【温馨提示】
若offer所接的直接宾语和间接宾语都为代词时，只能用后者。offer it to sb.(代词)
　as soon as 一……就……；尽快
【考点抢测】
17．我刚坐到电视机前妈妈就过来了。
My mom came over ________ ________ ________
I sat down in front of the TV.
18．请尽快给我写信。
Please write to me ________ ________ ________ ________．
(　　)19.(2014菏泽中考)—When will you return the book to me?
—I'll give it to you ________ I finish it.
A．once　　B．until　　C．as soon as
【满分点拨】
as soon as的用法
(1)as soon as引导时间状语从句，如果主句是一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时表示将来。
(2)as soon as possible＝as soon as one can/could，意为“尽可能快地”。
　since conj.因为；既然　prep.自……以来
【考点抢测】
20．He has lived there for a long time.(改为同义句)
He has lived there ________ a long time ________．
21．既然他们和父母住在一起，他们就应该懂得人人都有责任保持家的干净整洁。
________ they live in one house with their parents，they should know that everyone should do their part in keeping it clean and tidy.
(　　)22.(2015黄冈中考)—I can hardly believe my eyes.Is that you，Lucy?
—Yes.It has been almost 20 years ________ we were together.
A．since　　B．before　　C．after
【满分点拨】
since的两种词性
(1)作介词，since＋(过去的)某一时刻＝for＋一段时间，表示一段时间。
(2)作连词，引导时间状语从句，主句通常用现在完成时，从句通常用一般过去时。
　get on with和睦相处；关系良好
【考点抢测】
(　　)23.(2015兰州中考)Good manners can make people ________ each other.
A．get on well with 　　B．get off
C．get over
24．I'm getting on well with my new classmates.(对画线部分提问)
________ ________ you getting on with your new classmates?
【满分点拨】
get on的用法
(1)get on＝get along相处；进展；与……合得来
(2)get on/along well with sb.与某人相处得好
(3)get on/along well with sth.某事进展得好
(4)How are you getting on/along with sb./sth.?
你与某人相处得怎样？/某事进展如何？
【归纳拓展】get on还可表示“上车”，其反义短语是get off，意为“下车”。
　Peter，could you please take out the rubbish？彼得，请你把垃圾倒掉好吗？
【考点抢测】
(　　)25.(2015绵阳中考)—Could you tell me a good place to eat?
—________．There's one nearby.
A．Thanks a lot
B．Sorry，I'm new here
C．Of course
【满分点拨】

句式
常见答语
Could(Can/Would/Will)you please do sth.？表示请求或征求意见(相当于Please do sth.)
肯定：Yes，sure./Certainly./Of course./With pleasure./No problem.否定：Sorry，I can't.I have to…/Certainly not./I'm afraid not.
Could you please not do sth.？常表示委婉批评或建议(相当于Don't do sth.)
Sorry，I won't do that again.
Could I do…？表示请求许可(相当于May I…？)
肯定：Sure./Yes，you can.否定：Sorry，but you can't/(you'd)better not./No，you can't./Sorry，you can't.
【归纳拓展】
各种“请求”的表达方式
请求Would you please do…？请你做……好吗？
Would you like/love to do…？你愿意做……吗？
Would you mind doing…？你介意做……吗？
Shall I/we do…？我/我们做……好吗？
Let's do…！让我/我们做……吧！
　Why don't you go to sleep earlier this evening？你今天晚上为什么不早点睡呢？
【考点抢测】
(　　)26.(2014黔西南中考)—You'd better not eat too much salt.It's bad for your health.
—________
A．Not at all.　　B．I'm thirsty now.
C．Thanks for your advice.
【满分点拨】
(1)如何提出建议
　What/How about＋doing sth.?
做某事怎么样？
Shall we do sth.?
我们做某事好吗？
You'd better(not)
＋do sth.
你最好(不)做某事。提出
建议Why not do sth.?
为什么不做某事呢？
Let's do…！
让我们做……吧！
Would you mind doing sth.?
你介意做某事吗？　　(2)回答建议的常用句型：
①肯定答语：
Good idea./OK./All right./Sure./Certainly.
②否定答语：
No，thanks./Sorry，I can't./I'm afraid not.
　Instead he watches whatever he wants until late at night.相反，他看他想看的任何节目直到晚上很晚。
【考点抢测】
27．(2013兰州中考)不论发生任何事，我都不会改变心意。
________ happens，I won't change my mind.
【满分点拨】
(1)whatever引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter what，意为“无论什么，不管什么”。如：
Call me when you get there，whatever the time is.
无论什么时间，你到了那儿就给我打电话。
(2)可引导让步状语从句的单词和短语：
however＝no matter how(无论怎样)
whenever＝no matter when(无论何时)
whatever＝no matter what(无论什么)
whoever＝no matter who(无论谁)

沁园春·雪 <毛泽东>
北国风光，千里冰封，万里雪飘。
望长城内外，惟余莽莽；
大河上下，顿失滔滔。
山舞银蛇，原驰蜡象，
欲与天公试比高。
须晴日，看红装素裹，分外妖娆。
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唐宗宋祖，稍逊风骚。
一代天骄，成吉思汗，
只识弯弓射大雕。
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