2023年改革四级样卷.doc

Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. You should start youressay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance oflearning basic skills. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Writeyour essay on Answer Sheet 1.

Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)
Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At theend of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both theconversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be apause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decidewhich is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a singleline through the centre.
注意:此部分试题请在答题卡 1 上作答。
1. A) The man has left a good impression on her family.
B) The man's jeans and T-shirts are stylish.
C) The man should buy himself a new suit.
D) The man can dress casually for the occasion.
2. A) Its price. C) Its location.
B) Its comfort. D) Its facilities.
3. A) It is a routine offer. C) It is new on the menu.
B) It is quite healthy. D) It is a good bargain
4. A) Read the notice on the window.
B) Board the bus to Cleveland.
C) Go and ask the staff.
D) Get a new bus schedule.
5. A) He is ashamed of his present condition.
B) He is careless about his appearance.
C) He changes jobs frequently.
D) He shaves every other day.
6. A) The woman had been fined many times before.
B) The woman knows how to deal with the police.
C) The woman had violated traffic regulations.
D) The woman is good at finding excuses.
7. A) She got hurt in an accident yesterday.
B) She has to go to see a doctor.
C) She is black and blue all over.
D) She stayed away from work for a few days.
8. A) She will ask David to talk less.
B) She will meet the man halfway.
C) She is sorry the man will not come.
D) She has to invite David to the party.
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard
9. A) Beautiful scenery in the countryside.
B) A sport he participates in.
C) Dangers of cross-country skiing.
D) Pain and pleasure in sports.
10. A) He can't find good examples to illustrate his point.
B) He can't find a peaceful place to do the assignment.
C) He can't decide whether to include the effort part of skiing.
D) He doesn't know how to describe the beautiful country scenery.
11. A) New ideas come up as you write.
B) Much time is spent on collecting data.
C) A lot of effort is made in vain.
D) The writer's point of view often changes.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12. A) Having her bicycle repaired.
B) Hosting an evening TV program.
C) Lecturing on business management.
D) Conducting a market survey.
13. A) He repaired bicycles.
B) He coached in a racing club.
C) He worked as a salesman.
D) He served as a consultant.
14. A) He wanted to be his own boss.
B) He didn't want to be in too much debt.
C) He didn't want to start from scratch.
D) He found it more profitable.
15. A) They are all the man's friends.
B) They work five days a week.
C) They are paid by the hour.
D) They all enjoy gambling.
Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 shortpassages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and thequestions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the bestanswer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
注意:此部分试题请在答题卡 1 上作答。
Passage One
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16. A) They shared mutual friends in school.
B) They had many interests in common.
C) They shared many extracurricular activities.
D) They had known each other since childhood.
17. A) At a local club. C) At the boarding school.
B) At Joe's house. D) At the sports center.
18. A) Durable friendships can be very difficult to maintain.
B) One has to be respectful of other people in order to win respect.
C) Social divisions will break down if people get to know each other.
D) It is hard for people from different backgrounds to become friends.
Passage Two
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19. A) The art of Japanese brush painting.
B) Some features of Japanese culture.
C) Characteristics of Japanese artists.
D) The uniqueness of Japanese art.
20. A) To calm themselves down.
B) To enhance concentration.
C) To show their impatience.
D) To signal lack of interest.
21. A) How speakers can misunderstand the audience.
B) How speakers can win approval from the audience.
C) How listeners in different cultures show respect.
D) How different Western and Eastern art forms are.
Passage Three
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
22. A) They mistake the firefighters for monsters.
B) They do not realize the danger they are in.
C) They cannot hear the firefighters for the noise.
D) They cannot see the firefighters because of the smoke.
23. A) He teaches Spanish in a San Francisco community.
B) He often teaches children what to do during a fire.
C) He travels all over America to help put out fires.
D) He provides oxygen masks to children free of charge.
24. A) He is very good at public speaking.
B) He rescued a student from a big fire.
C) He gives informative talks to young children.
D) He saved the life of his brother choking on food.
25. A) Kids should learn not to be afraid of monsters.
B) Informative speeches can save lives.
C) Carelessness can result in tragedies.
D) Firefighters play an important role in America
Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passagethree times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for itsgeneral idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blankswith the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time,you should check what you have written.
注意:此部分试题请在答题卡 1 上作答。
Almost every child, on the first day he sets foot in a school building, is smarter, more __26__ ,less afraid of what he doesn't know, better at finding and __27__ , more confident,resourceful (机警旳), persistent and __28__ than he will ever be again in his schooling – or,unless he is very unusual and very lucky, for the rest of his life. Already, by paying closeattention to and __29__ the world and people around him, and without any school-type formalinstruction, he has done a task far more difficult, complicated and __30__ than anything hewill be asked to do in school, or than any of his teachers has done for years. He has solved the__31__ of language. He has discovered it – babies don't even know that language exists – andhe has found out how it works and learned to use it __32__ . He has done it by exploring, byexperimenting, by developing his own model of the grammar of language, by __33__ andseeing whether it works, by gradually changing it and __34__ it until it does work. And while hehas been doing this, he has been learning other things as well, including many of the " __35__ "that the schools think only they can teach him, and many that are more complicated than theones they do try to teach him
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select oneword for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read thepassage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified bya letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single linethrough the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.
One in six. Believe it or not, that's the number of Americans who struggle with hunger. To maketomorrow a little better, Feeding America, the nation's largest __36__ hunger-relieforganization, has chosen September as Hunger Action Month. As part of its 30 Ways in 30Days program, it's asking __37__ across the country to help the more than 200 food banksand 61,000 agencies in its network provide
low-income individuals and families with the fuel they need to __38__ .
It's the kind of work that's done every day at St. Andrew's Episcopal Church in San Antonio.People who __39__ at its front door on the first and third Thursdays of each month aren'tlooking for God – they're there for something to eat. St. Andrew's runs a food pantry (食品室)that __40__ the city and several of the __41__ towns.
Janet Drane is its manager.
In the wake of the __42__ , the number of families in need of food assistance
began to grow. It is __43__ that 49 million Americans are unsure of where they will find theirnext meal. What's most surprising is that 36% of them live in __44__ where at least one adultis working. "It used to be that one job was all you needed," says St. Andrew's Drane. "Thepeople we see now have three or four part-time jobs and they're still right on the edge __45__ ."
注意:此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答。
A) accumulate B) circling
C) communities D) competition E) domestic
F) financially G) formally H) gather
I) households J) recession K) reported L) reviewed M) serves
N) surrounding O) survive
Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read apassage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in oneof the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You maychoose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer thequestions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Universities Branch Out
A) As never before in their long history, universities have become instruments of nationalcompetition as well as instruments of peace. They are the place of the scientific discoveriesthat move economies forward, and the primary means of educating the talent required toobtain and maintain competitive advantage. But at the same time, the opening of nationalborders to the flow of goods, services, information and especially people has made universitiesa powerful force for global integration, mutual understanding and geopolitical stability.
B) In response to the same forces that have driven the world economy, universities havebecome more self-consciously global: seeking students from around the world who representthe entire range of cultures and values, sending their own students abroad to prepare them forglobal careers, offering courses of study that address the challenges of an interconnectedworld and collaborative (合作旳) research programs to advance science for the benefit of allhumanity.
C) Of the forces shaping higher education none is more sweeping than the movement acrossborders. Over the past three decades the number of students leaving home each year to studyabroad has grown at an annual rate of 3.9 percent, from 800,000 in 1975 to 2.5 million in2023. Most travel from one developed nation to another, but the flow from developing todeveloped countries is growing rapidly. The reverse flow, from developed to developingcountries, is on the rise, too. Today foreign students earn 30 percent of the doctoral degreesawarded in the United States and 38 percent of those in the United Kingdom. And the numbercrossing borders for undergraduate study is growing as well, to 8 percent of theundergraduates at America’s best institutions and 10 percent of all undergraduates in the U.K.In the United States, 20 percent of the newly hired professors in science and engineering areforeign-born, and in China many newly hired faculty members at the top research universitiesreceived their graduate education abroad.
D) Universities are also encouraging students to spend some of their undergraduate years inanother country. In Europe, more than 140,000 students participate in the Erasmus programeach year, taking courses for credit in one of 2,200 participating institutions across thecontinent. And in the United States, institutions are helping place students in summerinternships (实习) abroad to prepare them for global careers. Yale and Harvard have led theway, offering every undergraduate at least one international study or internshipopportunity—and providing the financial resources to make it possible.
E) Globalization is also reshaping the way research is done. One new trend involves sourcingportions of a research program to another country. Yale professor and Howard Hughes MedicalInstitute investigator Tian Xu directs a research center focused on the genetics of humandisease at Shanghai’s Fudan University, in collaboration with faculty colleagues from bothschools. The Shanghai center has 95 employees and graduate students working in a4,300-square-meter laboratory facility. Yale faculty, postdoctors and graduate students visitregularly and attend videoconference seminars with scientists from both campuses. Thearrangement benefits both countries; Xu’s Yale lab is more productive, thanks to the lowercosts of conducting research in China, and Chinese graduate students, postdoctors and facultyget on-the-job training from a world-class scientist and his U.S. team.
F) As a result of its strength in science, the United States has consistently led the world in thecommercialization of major new technologies, from the mainframe computer and the integratedcircuit of the 1960s to the Internet infrastructure (基础设施) and applications software of the1990s. The link between university-based science and industrial application is often indirectbut sometimes highly visible: Silicon Valley was intentionally created by Stanford University,and Route 128 outside Boston has long housed companies spun off from MIT and Harvard.Around the world, governments have encouraged copying of this model, perhaps mostsuccessfully in Cambridge, England, where Microsoft and scores of other leading software andbiotechnology companies have set up shop around the university.
G) For all its success, the United States remains deeply hesitant about sustaining theresearch-university model. Most politicians recognize the link between investment in scienceand national economic strength, but support for research funding has been unsteady. Thebudget of the National Institutes of Health doubled between 1998 and 2023, but has risenmore slowly than inflation since then. Support for the physical sciences and engineering barelykept pace with inflation during that same period. The attempt to make up lost ground iswelcome, but the nation would be better served by steady, predictable increases in sciencefunding at the rate of long-term GDP growth, which is on the order of inflation plus 3 percentper year.
H) American politic