北京牛堡屯中学2021-2022学年高一英语测试题含解析.docx

北京牛堡屯中学2021-2022学年高一英语测试题含解析
一、 选择题
1. In the character-training of children，what really ______  is what their parents say and do.
A．matters       B．cares
C．considers      D．minds
参考答案：
A
句意为：在培养孩子性格的过程中，真正重要的是父母的言行。matter表示“要紧，重要”，符合句意。care在乎；consider考虑；mind介意。
2. —Did you enjoy the party?
—Yes. We _____well by our hosts.
A. were treated B. would be treated C. treated D. had treated
参考答案：
A
3. As the global economy doesn’t have a good time, graduates nowadays have to fight for jobs in a ________ competitive market.
A.logically                            B. fiercely                            C. magically                        D. confidently 
参考答案：
B
4.  In order to find ____better job, he decided to study _____second foreign language.
A. the; a      B. a; a          C. the ; the      D. a; the
参考答案：
B
5. Every possible means ________ to prevent the air pollution，but the sky is still not clear.
A．is used  B．are used
C．has been used  D．have been used
参考答案：
C
句意为：为了防止空气污染，每种可能的办法都试过了，但是天空还是不晴朗。means意为“办法，方法”，单复数同形，因为此处有every修饰，故应看作单数；由句意可知，此处应用现在完成时的被动语态，故选C项。
6. Is this the girl ____I can turn for help? Is she good at this subject?
   A. who       B. to whom      C. with whom      D. whom
参考答案：
B
7. It seems that living green is __________ easy and affordable. A small step makes a big difference.
A. exactly    B. fortunately    C. surprisingly    D. hardly
参考答案：
C
略
8. I suggested ______ this Sunday afternoon, but they disagreed.
A. to go swimming               B. go swimming
C. going swim            D. we swim
参考答案：
D
9. ．It was when I arrived home _____ I realized I had left my bag in the library.
   A．what       B．because C．that D．until
参考答案：
C
略
10. Colonel Harland Sanders was the founder of KFC, for _____ life was full of failures before he was successful.
A. whom             B. who                  C. whose                  D. his
参考答案：
A
11. A farmer claimed _______ a rare South China tiger in the wild with a digital camera last year, but it turned out to be a dishonest trick.
A. to photograph B. photographing
C. to have photographed D. having photographed
参考答案：
C
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一位农民声称去年曾用数码相机拍摄过一只罕见的野生华南虎，但事实证明这是一个不诚实的诡计。claim to do表示“声称做某事”，photograph这一动作发生在claimed之前，所以用不定式的完成式作宾语，故C项正确。
12. He ________ to your home, because he didn't know your address.
A. must have been       B. mustn't have been
C. couldn't have been   D. might have been
参考答案：
C
13. — Would you like some beef?
—Yes, please．It’s my favorite．I think      is more delicious than beef．
A．anything  B．something  C．everything  D．nothing
参考答案：
D
14. This kitchen is a non-smoking area. I would like to warn you ___________ that if you smoked here you would be fined.
A. in advance    B. in turn    C. in exchange    D. in case
参考答案：
A
【详解】句意：这个厨房是无烟区域。我想提前警告你：如果你在这里吸烟，会被罚款。A. in advance 提前；B. in turn 轮流，反过来；C. in exchange作为交换 ；D. in case万一。故选A项。
15. After the house is built, how much will it cost to ________?
A. repair     B. rebuild    C. decorate   D. light
参考答案：
C
16. It is no use      without taking any measures.
  A. cry      B. crying        C. to cry        D. cried
参考答案：

17. After being ______ for a few minutes by an accident, the traffic returned to normal.
        A. broken                    B. rested                C. interrupted D. disturbed
参考答案：
C
18. —It’s the first time that you’ve been here,     ?
—Yes. So beautiful a town! I love it!
A. hasn’t it B. haven’t you C. aren’t you D. isn’t it
参考答案：
D
二、 短文改错
19. 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
读下面的短文，文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
3. 必须按答题要求做题，否则不给分。
参考答案：
第一句：at改为in
第二句：what 改为that或去掉what
第三句：在safe前加a
第四句：what 改为that
第五句：unfortunate改为unfortunately
第六句：realize 改为realized
第七句：dictionaries 改为dictionary
第八句：but改为and或so
第九句：send改为sending
第十二句：shall 改为should
略
20. 下面短文中有10处语言错误。请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（∧），并在其下面写上该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
     2.只允许修改10处，多者（从11处起）不计分。
     Many teenagers feel lonely, even if no one understands them and the changes they are going through. Day by day, everything seems differently, yet the same. Life never seems to be going fast enough; yet, by other ways, like a race car, life seems to be rushing so fast too control. These feelings are a common part of adolescence—the time of life between child or adult. And, though it may sometimes be difficult to believe, you are not alone—every adult have gone through adolescence, and your friends are going through them right now along with you. It is common for teenagers to feel lonely and misunderstood. These feelings can be being thought of as growing pains— difficulties that teenagers face during they grow to adults.
参考答案：
1.even 改为as  2. differently改为different  3. by改为in   4. so改为too  5. or改为 and
6. have改为has  7. them改为it    8. 去掉being  9. difficulties前加the   10. during改为when/as
三、 阅读理解
21. Travel is one of the most exciting experiences a human being can have. Imagine how Italian traveler Marco Polo must have felt when he found himself on Chinese soil, seeing a way of life quite different from anything he’d seen before.
And how marvelous must it have been to listen to Zhang Qian when he returned to China from his journey through Central Asia and West Asia? His brain must have been packed with everything he’d seen and heard, leading to the founding of the Silk Road.
Some people have traveled all over the world, and travel is a way of life to them. They perhaps know what to expect before they travel. That’s why the best travel is when it’s for the first time. Imagine a person who has always wanted to travel to the United States. Of course, they’ve probably seen the Statue of Liberty a thousand times on TV, and the White House, and all the other famous sights. But none of that would compare to the thrill of looking out of the cabin window as the plane lands, watching the cities and streets of the real America come into view.
Although travel is often just for recreation, it’s also educational. We may not know that we are getting an education, but we still are.
We’re learning every day: new words in a new language, new people, and new ways of life. But this learning takes place in the school of the world, not the classroom. One of the lessons we learn is undoubtedly a moral one. As we get to know foreign places, we come to understand that there are many different ways to live, and that the way we live isn’t necessarily the best way. The British politician Benjamin Disraeli summed this up well when he said, “Travel teaches toleration.”
27. The author uses Marco Polo and Zhang Qian as examples to       .
A. explain how the Silk Road was founded
B. present travel as an amazing experience
C. show how the way people travel has changed
D. describe important cultural exchanges in history
28. By saying “the best travel is when it’s for the first time’’, the author means that       .
A. one’s first trip is usually the most challenging
B. no other trip is better than one’s first trip
C. there is always much to learn on one’s first trip
D. people usually make better preparations for their first trip
29. The underlined word in paragraph 4 probably means       .
A. learning B. knowledge C. fun D. risk
30. According to the last two paragraphs, the author believes that       .
A. traveling should be included in formal education
B. traveling improves people’s confidence in their lifestyle
C. a foreign journey may raise people’s cultural understanding
D. there is more to learn from adventures than being in classrooms
参考答案：
27-30 BBCC
22. Researchers at the University of Chicago have trained an artificial intelligence(人工智能) system, to write fake(伪造的) reviews(评论) on Yelp, a website showing customers reviews on shopping or something else, and it's pretty hard to tell them apart from a human review.
Their study, which will be presented at the ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security in October, aimed to throw attention onto how easily these systems can write reviews like humans and how damaging they can become if they’re not monitored properly.
Since many small businesses rely on online reviews to help grow and keep their reputation, a future where someone—like a rival or angry customer—could crazily fill their page with negative reviews written by a machine is pretty worrying.
And, according to the research team, the threat goes far beyond a bunch of fake reviews on Yelp. “In general the threat is bigger,” Ben Y. Zhao. one of the authors of the study, said. “I think the threat towards society is large and it really misleads users and shakes our belief in what is real and what is not. I think that' s going to be even unimaginable.”
To test how believable these reviews came across, the researchers invited 40 volunteers and had AI generate five fake reviews for 40 actual restaurants. The volunteers were asked how useful they thought the review was and whether or not they thought it was fake. The AI reviews ranked as “effectively indistinguishable” from real reviews，according to the study. Further, the fake reviews were given a 3.15 "usefulness" rating, compared to a 3.28 rating for human reviews.
32. What can the new artificial intelligence system do according to the passage？
A. It can help train new reviewers.
B. It can tell the real reviews from the fake ones.
C. It can write human-like reviews.
D. It can easily damage the businesses.
33. What does the underlined word "rival'' mean in the passage?
A. A person who respects you deeply.
B. A person who competes with you.
C. A person who loves to give fake reviews.
D. A person who can control you from distance.
34. What can we infer from Ben Y. Zhao's remarks?
A. Artificial intelligence can put the society in danger.
B. The artificial intelligence is only used by the researchers
C. Ben Y. Zhao is optimistic about the further development of artificial intelligence.
D. The artificial intelligence will help people shake.
35. What is the best title for the passage?
A. Tips Suggestions on Giving Reviews.
B. How to Tell the Fake Reviews.
C. Development of AI in Review on Yelp.
D. AI is Coming to Steal Your Reviews.
参考答案：
32. C    33. B    34. A    35. D
【分析】
本文介绍了芝加哥大学的研究人员运用人工智能在评论网站上写虚假评论，以此引起对人工智能给我们的社会带来的影响的讨论。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一句Researchers at the University of Chicago have trained an artificial intelligence(人工智能) system, to write fake(伪造的) reviews(评论) on Yelp可知这一人工智能系统可以在Yelp上写伪造的评论。故C项正确。
【33题详解】
猜测词义题。根据本句后半句“could crazily fill their page with negative reviews written by a machine is pretty worrying.”用负面评论占领对方网页的只有“敌人”或者“对手”才会这样做。故B项正确。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段第二句“In general the threat is bigger,” Ben Y. Zhao. one of the authors of the study, said. “I think the threat towards society is large and it really misleads users and shakes our belief in what is real and what is not.可知Ben Y. Zhao认为人工智能会给我们带来很大的威胁，并且可能破坏社会。故A项正确。
【35题详解】
主旨大意题。本文介绍了芝加哥大学的研究人员运用人工智能在评论网站上写虚假评论，以此引起对人工智能给我们的社会带来的影响的讨论。D项可以很好的抓住读者的兴趣，可以作为本文的题目。AB两项与文章主要内容无关，C项过于片面。
【点睛】本文考查主旨大意题中的标题类题，对于此类题型，我们可以运用“假定标题写作法”；这是一种逆向思维的方法。这种方法就是先设定某一个选项为正确的文章标题，那么，按照这个标题文章通常应该怎么写、写什么呢？根据标题里的核心词，我们可以在头脑里大致确定一下文章的结构和内容，如果二者与阅读短文基本相同，就可以判断该项正确；如果与短文大相径庭，就可以判断该项不对。使用这种方法的关键是找出标题中的核心词。