2023年6月份英语四级标准模拟试题及答案详解.doc

2023年6月份英语四级原则模拟试题及答案详解

Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic To Be Civilized Tourists. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:
1. 伴随旅游人数增多，游客不文明现象突增
2. 分析此现象导致旳不良影响
3. 倡导大家做文明游客
To Be Civilized Tourists
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.
For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Biodiversity
Generally speaking, the greatest degree of species diversity is found in the warm tropical habitats (the natural homes of plants or animals) nearest the equator. Diversity is lower in the Earth's temperate zones, and lowest in the polar regions, a phenomenon known as the latitudinal gradient (纬度倾斜度) of biodiversity. And the species richness of land ecosystems (生态系统) also decreases at higher elevations.
High amounts of annual rainfall also correlate to richer diversity in land habitats, with the highest concentration of different species found in the tropical rainforests. The most diverse marine ecosystems are located on the ocean's continental shelves, although deep-sea habitats also demonstrate significant species richness.
Rainforests And Coral Reefs
Science has yet to explain the remarkable degree of species diversity found in tropical rainforests and coral reefs. The answers to this ecological mystery involve both the origins of diversity through evolution and the maintenance of species diversity.
Tropical rainforests cover approximately 9 million square kilometers — a decrease of about 45% since man's arrival. Although they account for only about 6% of the world's land surface, these highly diverse ecosystems contain over half of all living species. Some researchers place that figure as high as 90%, based on estimates of the number of microorganisms and insects believed to populate the rainforests. Likewise, approximately one quarter of marine species are thought to reside on the ocean's coral reefs.
Sadly, man is cutting and burning the world's rainforests at a rate of approximately 100,000 square kilometers annually. As Edward Wilson explains, this amounts to the destruction of an area of rainforest equal to the size of a football field every second. He conservatively estimates that between 0. 2% and 0. 3% of rainforest species — that is 4,000 to 6,000 individual species — are lost each year from deforestation alone. This is 10,000 times the rate of natural extinction which occurred before human intervention. The problem is so severe that, in 1990, the independent Science Advisory Board of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency named habitat loss and species extinction as two of the world's most critical environmental problems.
Threats To Biodiversity
The threats to biodiversity are myriad (无数旳), but most are the direct or indirect result of human activity.
Population growth and migration, overexploitation, and the lack of sustainable resource consumption policies continue to stress sensitive ecosystems. Some of the highest rates of growth are occurring in the Earth's species-rich tropical regions. For example, 75 million people already inhabit the rainforests of the Upper Amazonia and Guyana Shield in South America, the Congo Basin in Africa, and the New Guinea/Melanesian Islands between Asia and Australia, and their populations are continuing to expand at nearly 250% of the world average.
The destruction of natural habitats to accommodate population growth and migration is the single largest factor in the loss of species and even entire ecosystems. In the continental United States alone, 98% of virgin forests and 51% of natural wetlands have been destroyed. However, lesser human intrusions, such as the removal of a single native population or the introduction of a non-native species can also severely disrupt the functioning of natural ecosystems, due to the complex nature of their interrelationships and processes.
Human activity also produces pollution and contamination which can affect all levels of biodiversity. Poisonous substances released into our air and water not only impact regional ecosystems, but can extend their harmful effects beyond state and national borders, as in the case of acid rain. Continued discharge of other substances into the atmosphere, though not necessarily poisonous, leads to the ozone depletion in the stratosphere and increased penetration of ultraviolet radiation to the land and ocean.
Scientists have identified the “greenhouse effects”, where increased levels of carbon dioxide, methane, and other gases capture heat within the Earth's atmosphere. This climatic global warming is of particular concern in the cold temperate and polar regions, where possible climatic shifts could leave behind entire ranges of plant and animal species. Because climatic changes would be most severe near the poles, entire Arctic and Antarctic ecosystems could be threatened with extinction.
Carbon released from the burning of fossil fuels and natural habitats is a key cause of global warming. According to a 1992 report by the U. S. Office of Technology Assessment, the burning of tropical forests outside the United States accounted for approximately 25% of all carbon released into the atmosphere during the preceding decade.
Global climate changes can alter the environment and disrupt ecosystems, resulting in loss of species and populations that are unable to either migrate or adapt to new ecological conditions. The ultimate effects of these climate changes are unknown but risk potentially serious consequences for humans as well as other species.
Certainly over millions of years species adapted to alternative climatic warming and cooling, the expansion or shrinkage of continental shelves and the invasion of new competitors and parasites. Those that could not change became extinct, but at such a relatively slow rate that other better-adapted species evolved to replace them. In the midst of endless turnover, the balance of life was sustained. But now the velocity of change is too great for life to handle, and the balance has been disturbed. It has reached dangerously high levels within a single human life span, merely a tick in geological time. Humanity is creating a radical new environment too quickly to allow the species to adjust. Species need thousands or millions of years to assemble complex genetic adaptations. Most of life is consequently at risk. We are at risk.
1. The lower the latitude and altitude are, the higher the degree of species diversity on land can always be found.
2. The area of tropical rainforests has decreased by 45% or so since man's arrival.
3. Tropical rainforests are home to all land-living plant and animal species on Earth.
4. According to Edward Wilson, man's cutting and burning alone makes annual loss of thousands of individual
rainforest species.
5. The fastest growth of threats caused by human activity to biodiversity is usually happening in species-rich tropical
regions.
6. The vast majority of virgin forests and about half of natural wetlands have been destroyed in the continental US.
7. Entire Arctic and Antarctic ecosystems are threatened with extinction, for climatic changes are most severe near
the poles.
1. [Y] [N] [NG] 2. [Y] [N] [NG] 3. [Y] [N] [NG] 4. [Y] [N] [NG]
5. [Y] [N] [NG] 6. [Y] [N] [NG] 7. [Y] [N] [NG]
8. Acid rain is one of the poisonous substances which not only extends its harmful effects beyond state and national borders, but impacts ___________________________.
9. Loss of species and populations failure to migrate or to adapt to new ecological conditions can be caused by
___________________________.
10. Over millions of years the speed of less-adapted species that were replaced by other better-adapted ones were
___________________________.
Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
11. [A] Both speakers think half of the staff are efficient.
[B] The woman has a favorable opinion of the staff.
[C] Neither of them has a favorable opinion of the staff.
[D] The woman is a restaurant manager herself.
12. [A] In a bike parking lot.
[B] At a bike repair shop.
[C] In a bike showroom.
[D] In a bike factory.
13. [A] Shop for new clothes.
[B] Lose some weight.
[C] Have his jeans altered.
[D] Wear clothes that fit more tightly.
14. [A] Paul should take over his uncle's business now.
[B] He doesn't agree with the woman's remarks.
[C] Paul should stay another year for his studies.
[D] He felt upset by Paul's hasty decision.
15. [A] Go cross the bridge.[B] Repeat the experiment.
[C] Come to the bridge game.[D] Wait and see what will happen.
16. [A] It wasn't good investment.
[B] It should have lasted longer.
[C] The man should buy new parts for it.
[D] The man won't be able to get it repaired.
17. [A] Nick repaired it himself.
[B] Nick now works in a garage.
[C] Nick had his motorcycle fixed.
[D] Nick wasted his money.
18. [A] He wishes to have more courses like it.
[B] He finds it hard to follow the teacher.
[C] He wishes the teacher would talk more.
[D] He doesn't like the teacher's accent.
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. [A] The man's pay raise.
[B] A career ladder for the man.
[C] The man's education.
[D] A new chance for everyone to be promoted.
20. [A] Three years.
[B] Four years.
[C] Five years.
[D] Six years.
21. [A] The person who has the strong will.
[B] The person who has attended the adult school.
[C] The person who can pass the test of arithmetic.
[D] The person who can work at computers quickly after a two-day training.
22. [A] The man is eager to attend the training.
[B] The man is not very interested in this chance for promotion.
[C] The man has been training for computer work since last year.
[D] The man is not confident in his chance to be promoted to the Grade 7.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
23. [A] To see his tutor for help.
[B] To help the woman with her report.
[C] To find some materials for his essay.
[D] To read books on the effect of smoking by parents on their children.
24. [A] The computer doesn't work properly.
[B] Peter is writing an essay on environment.
[C] Mary is much better than Peter in using computers.
[D] Peter is taking a computer class which is helpful.
25. [A] Standing in the queue.
[B] Waiting for a free computer.
[C] Asking his tutor to recommend him some books.
[D] Using the computer to find the needed information.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26. [A] Remember the entire trade route.
[B] Know the making of products.
[C] Receive certain special training.
[D] Deal with a lot of difficulties.
27. [A] Because it was made up of different routes.
[B] Because silk trading became less popular.
[C] Because sea travel provided easier routes.
[D] Because people needed fewer foreign goods.
28. [A] Because people learned from one another.
[B] Because people shared each other's beliefs.
[C] Because people traded goods along the route.
[D] Because people earned their living by traveling.
Passage Two
Questions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.
29. [A] They worry about school.
[B] They dislike living with their parents.
[C] They have to be locked in to avoid troubles.
[D] They quarrel a lot with other family members.
30. [A] They don't want to make family decisions.
[B] They don't want to share family responsibility.
[C] They don't want to go boating with their family.
[D] They don't want to cause trouble in their families.
31. [A] They give their children more freedom.
[B] They care less about their children's life.
[C] They are much stricter with their children.
[D] They go to clubs more often with their children.
32. [A] Negotiation in family.
[B] Education in family.
[C] Harmony in family.
[D] Teenage trouble in family.
Passage Three
Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
33. [A] Because Amery was fond of games.[B] Because Amery was of similar size.
[C] Because Amery was good at sports.[D] Because Amery looked like an animal.
34. [A] Because he was laughed at by other boys.
[B] Because he pushed Amery hard and hurt him.
[C] Because he played a joke on an outstanding athlete.
[D] Because Amery turned out to be in the same grade.
35. [A] The writer could run faster than Amery.
[B] The writer liked playing on boys of all sizes.
[C] Amery was a student in Grade Four.
[D] Amery forgave the writer for his rude behavior.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
Sixteen-year-old Michael Viscardsi of San Diego won first prize in the Siemens Westinghouse Competition in Math, Science and Technology. He showed (3