词性转换规律(课堂PPT).ppt

词性转换规律临川二中临川二中 孙如峰孙如峰1英语词性英语词性/形的重要性形的重要性 英语是英语是重形重形的分析语的分析语,英语的多变在于其英语的多变在于其有严密的有严密的语法结构与多变的句型语法结构与多变的句型。句型结构。句型结构多变的原因之一多变的原因之一,是是词性词性/形多变形多变。词性变化。词性变化导致句子结构变化。导致句子结构变化。新考高考模式下对词性的要求加大。如新考高考模式下对词性的要求加大。如语法填空，改错语法填空，改错都涉及到词性转换。书面表都涉及到词性转换。书面表达同样要求准确表达。达同样要求准确表达。基本单词词性基本单词词性的掌握有利于类推词性扩的掌握有利于类推词性扩大词汇量大词汇量2很可怕吗？词性转换主要涉及n.v.adj.adv.转换及部分pron.num.的变形。考察的是考纲基本词汇的变形。应对策略：基本词的派生要熟悉，多读。了解词性派生的基本规律。3常见词性转换考法（语法填空和改错）1.V.n.adj.V.2.Adj.adv.n.Adj.v.opp.adj4常见词性转换规律常见词性转换规律1.adjn.的常见后缀的常见后缀-ness Eg，happyhappinesskindnesssicknesssadnesscarefulness-(t)y 常加在t结尾的adj后。Eg，certaintyroyaltyloyaltynoveltysafetydifficultymodestyhonesty；deliverydiscoveryrecoverybravery-ity 加ity在r结尾的adj后。Eg，popularity，similaritymajorityminorityfamiliaritymaturitysinceritynecessitypoorpovertycreativitycuriositydiversityvarietysociety5adjn.的常见后缀的常见后缀ent/antence/ance.Eg,present-presenceabsencesilencedifferencepatienceintelligenceconfidencediligenceevident-evidenceimportancesignificancedistanceent-ency efficiencyfluencyfrequencycurrencyemergencyurgencyaccuracy-able-ability possibilityresponsibility6adjn.的常见后缀的常见后缀-domwisdomboredomfreedomkingdom-thwarmthtruthdepthwidthbirthdeathgrowthlengthstrengthheightweightcomplaint7v.n.的常见后缀的常见后缀-ment Eg，amazementamusemententertainmentexcitementastonishmentarrangementjudgementargumentachievementdevelopmentadjustmentpunishmentpublishmentemployment-(at)ion.predictionadoptionadaptationeducationreflectionattractionactionrejectionconsiderationcombinationexplorationpublicationimitationimplicationsimplificationcreationrelaxationfixationoccupationstarvation observation motivation impressionexpressiondepression realizationorganization特例comparecomparisonobey-obligationsatisfactionrecognitionapplicationLaughter8v.n.的常见后缀的常见后缀-ance加动词后appearanceassistanceresistanceacceptancerelianceignorancepreferencereferenceoccurrenceconsequenced(e)结尾的动词变为结尾的动词变为sion。decide-decisionconclusionpersuasiondivisioninclusionexpansionexplosiond-se applause responseve/se结尾的动词变为val/sal。survivalarrivalapprovalproposalrefusaldisposalBelivebelief relieve-relief9-age postage package carriage storageshortage 10特例的少数情况AngryangerhungryhungerPermissionsubmissionadmissionomissionpleasepleasurefailurepressuremixturescribe结尾的变为ption。Descriptionsubscriptionabsorptionsume变sumptionconsumptionassumptionresumption11变变adj-ycloudysunnyfunnyrainysnowystormymuddymessydirtydustythirstygreedy-alseasonalculturalnaturalnationaloriginalemotionalmentalprofessionaloccasionalaccidental-calphysicalmagicallogicalmagical、medical-cialracialfacialbeneficialfinancialartificialessentialinfluencialsocial-icbasicscientificenergeticeconomichistoricelectricscenicoptimisticpessimistic12变adj-ful/lessjoyfulcheerfulwonderfulsuccessfulthoughtfulgratefulpainfuluseful harmful helpful colorful meaningful hopeful pitiful merciful careful homelessendlessjobless13变变adj-able多加在动词后变能够.acceptablesuitablereliableadjustableadaptableadoptableunbelievableunforgettableunacceptableunpredictablehonorablerenewable Considerable-ousdangerouscuriouscautioushumorousgloriousvarious-iveimpressivedecisivepersuasiveattractivecreativeprotectivesupportive14变变adj （动词后加（动词后加ed或或ing）-ingsurprising exciting disappointing interesting amazing amusing inspiring movinginvitingcharmingencouraginginspiringchallengingunderstandinglackingoutstandingEnergy/time-saving/consumingpeace-lovinglong-lastingeasy-goinggood-looking-edsurprised excited disappointed interested amazed amused inspired movedunexpectedadmittedhurriedundoubtedunemployedappointedtalented、giftedopen-mindedwarm-heartedabsent-mindedopen-endedman-made15变动词的后缀变动词的后缀en-un-ize -(i)fy-en enrich enable enlarge ensure endanger encourage unload uncover unfold unpack uncage unlockrealize,organize recognizeapologize,modernizesimplify beautify satisfy clarify classify identify purifydeepen broaden widen shorten lengthen threaten 16常见特定含义的前缀Dis-disobeydisappeardislikedisagreedisorderdisadvantageMis-mistakemisusemisleadmisreadmisunderstandRe-retellrewriterebuildreplacerecyclereusePre-previewpredictprereadpreschool17unfold,unlockuncage18形容词变副词一般规律形容词变副词一般规律:通常是加通常是加ly.请记住以下口诀：一般请记住以下口诀：一般直接加，直接加，“辅辅y”改改i加，加，“le”结尾结尾e改改y。一般情况直接加一般情况直接加“ly”,(含以含以e结尾的和结尾的和l结尾的形结尾的形容词容词)quickly/recently/sadly;fortunately/widely/wisely/immediately/safely/politely/sincerely/bravely,carefully/faithfully/peacefully,really/totally/naturally/fianlly/especially;hopefully与hopelesslyhurriedly,suddenly,特特例例true-truly19Adj-adv以辅音字母加以辅音字母加le结尾时结尾时,去去e加加y，如：，如：simple-simply;possible-possibly;probable-probably;terrible-terribly;gentle-gently;comfortable-comfortably以以-ll结尾时，只须加结尾时，只须加yfull-fully,dull-dully;20Adj-adv以辅音加以辅音加“y”结尾的，将结尾的，将“y”改成改成“i”加加“ly”happy-happily;heavy-heavily;angry-angrily;busy-busily;lucky-luckily easily necessarily VS.shy-shyly dry-dryly以以ic结尾的词，加结尾的词，加ally，basic-basically;scientific-scientifically;economic-economically;automatically;特特例例public-publicly。21