英语写作训练上课市公开课一等奖百校联赛获奖课件.pptx

英语写作训练英语写作训练第1页写作训练思绪写作训练思绪写一完整句子写一完整句子:句子完整句子完整句子连贯句子连贯句子简练句子简练句子多样化句子多样化主题句主题句,扩展句扩展句,结论结论句句设计一个段落设计一个段落:基础写作基础写作读写任务读写任务第2页写一个完整句子写一个完整句子这几句是正确句子吗这几句是正确句子吗?假如你认为有误假如你认为有误,该怎么改该怎么改?1.The meeting will until 3:00.2.Work hard,you will succeed.3.I have a brother,who is a doctor.4.There are only 4 students take part in the class.lastandwhotaking/totake第3页句子分类句子分类简单句简单句:只包含一个主谓结构句子只包含一个主谓结构句子.并并列列句句:主主谓谓结结构构+连连词词(and,but,so,or)+主谓结构主谓结构 (或更多主谓结构或更多主谓结构)复合句复合句:引导词引导词+主谓结构主谓结构,主谓结构主谓结构 (从句从句)(主句主句)第4页五种基本简单句五种基本简单句1.1.主语主语+不及物动词不及物动词2.2.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语Birdsfly.Busesrunfromdawntillmidnight.Wearestudyinghard.Wehavereadmanybooks.Theydoshoppingattheweekend.WearelearningEnglish.第5页3.3.主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语4.4.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语5.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语Wearestudents.Hebecameascientist.Thatsoundsgood.HegaveTomapresent.Heofferedmeajob.Wemadehimourmonitor.Themanagerthinkstheplanpractical.Hewillhavehisbikerepaired.Iwonthaveyouspeakingtoyourmotherlikethat.第6页练习练习:翻译下面简单句翻译下面简单句1.1939年暴发了第二次世界大战年暴发了第二次世界大战.2.一天一天,她高兴地走进我房间她高兴地走进我房间.3.一轮红日从东方升起一轮红日从东方升起.4.张飞在三年级六班张飞在三年级六班.5.那个故事听起来很有趣那个故事听起来很有趣.TheSecondWorldWar/WorldWarIIbrokeoutin1939.Onedayshecameintomyroomhappily.Theredsunrisesintheeast.ZhangFeiisinClass6,Grade3.Thatstorysoundsinteresting.第7页6.老师好像对我工作很满意老师好像对我工作很满意.7.早睡早睡早起对人身体有益早起对人身体有益.8.胡姗姗读过这本书胡姗姗读过这本书屡次屡次了了.Theteacherseemedtobepleasedwithmywork.Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearlyisgood/beneficialfor/doesgoodtoyourhealth.HuShanshanhasreadthebookmanytimes.第8页9.我还没决定去还是不去我还没决定去还是不去.10.周兰周兰借借给我一些钱给我一些钱.11.这件晚礼服这件晚礼服花花了她四十美元了她四十美元.I havent decided whether to go or not.Zhou Lan lent me some money.The evening dress cost her forty dollars.She paid forty dollars for the evening dress.第9页12.王小明经常在课堂上问老师许多问题王小明经常在课堂上问老师许多问题.13.同学们把课室保持得干洁净净同学们把课室保持得干洁净净.14.我们注意到有许多人站在学校大门口我们注意到有许多人站在学校大门口.15.我找人把自行车修好了我找人把自行车修好了.16.你不应该让他一个人去那儿你不应该让他一个人去那儿.WangXiaomingoftenaskstheteacheralotofquestionsinclass.Thestudentskeeptheclassroomclean.Wenoticedalotofpeoplestandingatthegateofourschool.Ihadthebikerepaired.Youshouldntlethimgotherealone.第10页并列句并列句1.用用连连词词/副副词词(and,but,so,for,or,not onlybut also,eitheror,neithernor,while,bothand,however,therefore)1)Li Ming is 18 years old and he is a student in No.1 Middle School.2)Hurry up or youll be late for school.3)I must go now,for my sister is waiting for me.第11页2.用用“;”3.用用“;+adv”1)We fished all day;we didnt catch anything.1)We fished all day;however,we didnt catch anything.2)2)The car was almost new;besides,it was in excellent condition.,but we,so all 2)Lilydoeswellinstudy;alltheteachersthinkhighlyofher.第12页练习练习练习练习:翻译以下句子翻译以下句子翻译以下句子翻译以下句子 1.他即使有病他即使有病,不过还是上学去了不过还是上学去了.2.汤姆很穷汤姆很穷,而他弟弟却发了财而他弟弟却发了财.3.他丢了工作他丢了工作,所以这些天心情不好所以这些天心情不好.Hewasill;however,/butyethewenttoschool.Although/Thoughhewasill,hewenttoschool.Illas/thoughhewas,hewenttoschool.Whilehewasill,hewenttoschool.Tomwaspoorwhilehisbrotherbecameveryrich.Helosthisjob,sohewasunhappythesedays.Hewasinabadmoodbecausehelosthisjob.第13页4.韩惠不但歌唱得好韩惠不但歌唱得好,而且舞也跳得好而且舞也跳得好.5.我本打算昨天告诉你我本打算昨天告诉你,但你不在办公室但你不在办公室.HanHuicannotonlysingwell,butalsodancewell.NotonlydoesHanHuisingwell,butalsoshedanceswell.Imeanttotellyouyesterday,butyouwerenotinyouroffice.I had wanted/intended to tell you yesterday,butyouwerenotinyouroffice.第14页复合句复合句复合句里包含两个或更多主谓结构复合句里包含两个或更多主谓结构,其中其中有一个主有一个主谓结构为句子主体称为主句，另一个些主谓结谓结构为句子主体称为主句，另一个些主谓结构为从句，他（们）只能充当句子某一（些）成构为从句，他（们）只能充当句子某一（些）成份，份，,如如:主语主语,宾语宾语,表语表语,同位语同位语,定语定语,状语状语等等.依据他们在句子中功效分别称为主语从句依据他们在句子中功效分别称为主语从句,宾语从句宾语从句,表语从句表语从句,同位语从句同位语从句,定语从句定语从句,状语从句状语从句等等.第15页判断下面句子属于哪种复合句判断下面句子属于哪种复合句1)When we shall have our sports meetingisstillaquestion.2)Thelettersaysthatthey are leaving on Friday.3)Thatswhat they should do.4)Weexpressedthehopethat they would come and visit China again.5)Thisistheverydictionarythat I am looking for.6)As time went on,Einsteinstheoryprovedtobecorrect.主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句状语从句状语从句第16页练习练习:更正下面句子更正下面句子,使之成为正确一句话使之成为正确一句话Faulty:There are forty-five students in our class,one-third of them are from nearby countries.1.There are forty-five students in our class,and one-third of them are from nearbycountries.2.There are forty-five students in our class;one-thirdofthemarefromnearbycountries.3.There are forty-five students in our class,one-thirdofwhomarefromnearbycountries.第17页It was raining hard,they could not work in the field.1.Itwasraininghard；theycouldnotworkinthefield.2.Itwasraininghard,sotheycouldnotworkinthefield.3.It was raining so hard that they could notworkinthefield.4.They could not work in the field because itwasraininghard.5.Asitwasraininghard,theycouldnotworkinthefield.第18页Theprofessorwalkedintotheclassroom,hecarriedabagofbookswithhim.1.The professor walked into the classroom and hecarriedabagofbookswithhim.2.The professor walked into the classroom;hecarriedabagofbookswithhim.3.Theprofessor,whocarriedabagofbooks,walkedintotheclassroom,4.Theprofessorwalkedintotheclassroom,carryingabagofbookswithhim.5.Theprofessorwalkedintotheclassroomwithabagofbooks.第19页句子连贯句子连贯Faulty:Amanisjudgednotonlybywhathesaysbutalsobyhisdeeds.Faulty:The idea he mentioned at first soundedgood.1.A man is judged not only by what he says but also by what he does.2.A man is judged not only by his words but also by his deeds.1.The idea he firstfirst mentioned sounded good.2.The idea he mentioned sounded good atfirstatfirst.前后一致、对等、平衡前后一致、对等、平衡前后一致、对等、平衡前后一致、对等、平衡第20页连贯性要求是：句子前后之间要有照应，连贯性要求是：句子前后之间要有照应，有衔接，思想表示应该有序，清楚句子有衔接，思想表示应该有序，清楚句子与句子之间过渡要符合逻辑，不能造成歧与句子之间过渡要符合逻辑，不能造成歧义或矛盾义或矛盾第21页句子简练句子简练文字简练文字简练.以下面这些短语均可用括号中词代替以下面这些短语均可用括号中词代替:fromtimetotime(often),drawaconclusion(conclude),withanger(angrily),Itisclearthat(clearly)第22页试比较以下改写句子试比较以下改写句子.Do you know the man who is speaking at the meeting?Look out for cars while you are crossing the street?Do you know the man speaking at the meeting?Look out for cars while crossing the street?第23页2.防止使用同义词重复防止使用同义词重复.(以下面这些句子以下面这些句子,划线部划线部分重复分重复,应删掉应删掉).1).He is blind in both eyes.He is blind in the left eye.2).In my opinion,I think your plan is feasible.3).The desk is round in shape and red in color.4).I shall accompany my mother by going with her to the market.第24页练习练习:改写以下句子改写以下句子,使其更简练使其更简练 1.He gave many reasons for the failure,but the reasons he gave were not convincing.2.The Great Wall,which has a history of more than years,is one of the world heritages.He gave many reasons for the failure,but none of them was convincing.The Great Wall with a history of more than years is one of the world heritages.第25页练习练习:改写以下句子改写以下句子,使其更简练使其更简练 3.He attended the party though he was badly ill.4.Nie Er,who is the composer of the National Anthem for the Peoples Republic of China,was born in Yunnan in February 1912.He attended the party in spite of his illness.Nie Er,the composer of the National Anthem for the Peoples Republic of China,was born in Yunnan in February 1912.第26页练习练习:改写以下句子改写以下句子,使其更简练使其更简练 5.He suggested that he be sent to tend the sick.6.To my surprise,I was surprised to find no one there when I got there.7.A teacher who has experience should have an idea about what he should do in such a condition.He suggested being sent to tend the sick.I was surprised to find no one there when I arrived.An experienced teacher should know what to do in such a condition.第27页练习练习:改写以下句子改写以下句子,使其更简练使其更简练8.Doyouknowthegirlwhoisdressedinred?Doyouknowthegirl_.9.Theprofessorwalkedintotheclassroomandhecarriedabagofbookswithhim.The professor walked into the classroom,_.10.Themanwhoisstandingbythewindowisourteacher.Theman_isourteacher.（dressed）in redcarrying a bag of books with himstanding by the window第28页练习练习:改写以下句子改写以下句子,使其更简练使其更简练11.Wedidntknowhertelephonenumber,sowecouldntgetintouchwithher._,wecouldntgetintouchwithher.12.JohnsonlookedlikeamanwhowaswantedinLosAngelesforrobbery.Johnsonlookedlikeaman_.13.Wefinallyreachedhomeat10pm,andweweretiredandhungry.Wefinallyreachedhomeat10pm,_.Not knowing her telephone numberwanted in Los Angeles for robberytired and hungry第29页段落段落(设计好一个段落设计好一个段落)普通说来普通说来,一个段落由三部分组成一个段落由三部分组成:主题句主题句,扩展句和结论句扩展句和结论句.主题句提出叙述主题主题句提出叙述主题,扩扩展句利用必要细节对主题加以论证说明展句利用必要细节对主题加以论证说明,结结论句总结全文论句总结全文,在论证基础上得出结论在论证基础上得出结论.这这三者是段落必要成份三者是段落必要成份,他们相辅相成他们相辅相成,组成组成一个完整段落一个完整段落.有些段落还有过渡句有些段落还有过渡句,它起它起到段与段之间顺利过渡到段与段之间顺利过渡.第30页1.主题句主题句1)主题句位置:请找出段落主题句Smokingisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentshowthatsmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousdiseasecancer,smokingcanalsocauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itgivesonea“smokerscough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforsmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldortheterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?第31页Albert Einstein,one of the worlds greatest scientists,failed in his university entrance exam on his first attempt.William Faulkner,one of Americas famous writers,never finished college because he could not pass his English courses.Sir Winston Churchill,who is considered one of the masters of the English language,was very poor in English during middle school.These few examples show that school does not always predict failure in life.第32页Karaok,which was invented by a Japanese,one of the greatest wonders of modern technology.Needless to say,Karaok is a good way of rest.You can learn a new song easily.Its also a good way to make your friends happy.Nearly every body has a chance to be a singing star.However,everything has two sides,so does Karaok.Its noisy to your neighbors.Besides,if you sing badly,they will feel uncomfortable.In fact,you are sure to make a sound pollution 第33页2)写好主题句写好主题句,有两条标准有两条标准1.主题句要明确主题句要明确,句中须有一个词句中须有一个词,词组词组,或从句让或从句让读者一目了然本段确实切主题读者一目了然本段确实切主题,明确本段重点或明确本段重点或观点观点.比如比如:This paragraph will talk about birds.这句作为主题句就太笼统这句作为主题句就太笼统,不确切不确切.试比较试比较以下几句以下几句,以下几个主题句就确切地说明了段落以下几个主题句就确切地说明了段落主题主题:a.Birds have a great sense of direction.b.Pet owners prefer certain species of birds.c.In my opinion,a bird makes a better pet than a cat does.d.Birds are suffering from air-pollution.第34页2.主题句要概括,它陈说你要说明重点和观点,句中必须包含有可扩展主题词,词组或从句.他应该是你将深入表明你态度和看法概括.同时,主题句有利于控制作者本人主题扩展.比如:TheyounggirlstudiedChineseHistory.该主题句未能概括主题关键点,则不利于下面扩展.最好增添一个词或一个短语来修改这个句子,方便顺利地展开你主题.比如:a.TheyounggirleagerlystudiedChineseHistory.b.TheyounggirlstudiedChineseHistoryunderafamoushistorian.c.TheyounggirlfoundthreereasonsforstudyingChineseHistory.第35页2.下面各段没有主题句下面各段没有主题句,请依据全段内容确定一个请依据全段内容确定一个主题句主题句.1)_.Forexampleteacherslivebysellingknowledge,philosophersbysellingwisdomandpriestsbysellingspiritualcomfort.Thoughitmaybepossibletomeasurethevalueofmaterialgoodsintermsofmoney,itisverydifficulttocalculatethetruevalueofserviceswhichpeopleperformforus.Theconditionsofsocietyaresuchthatsillshavetobepaidforinthesamewaythatgoodsarepaidforatshop.Everyonehassomethingtosell.Everyonelivesbysellingsomething.第36页2)_.Before entering a house in Japan,it is a good manner to take off your shoes.In European countries even though shoes sometimes become very muddy,this is not done.A guest in a Chinese house never finishes a drink.He leaves a little to show that he has had enough.In a Malaysian house,too,a guest leaves a little food.In England,a guest always finishes a drink to show that he has enjoyed it.It seems that manners in different countries are never the same.Different countries and different races have different manners.第37页3)_.Firecanheatwater,cook,giveoutlightandkeepyourhousewarm.Sometimes,however,bigfirescanburndownhousesandforests.Forexample,thebigfirecausedbyYuanmingPalace,afamouspalaceinQingDynasty,ruinedcompletely.Sowemustbeverycarefulwithmatches,burningcigarettes,faultyelectricappliancesorunquenched(未扑灭)firesBe careful with fire because it does not always do us good.第38页扩展句扩展句扩展句作用是丰富扩展句作用是丰富,支持支持,扩展主题句扩展主题句内涵内涵.他们是段落血和肉他们是段落血和肉.扩展句表示形扩展句表示形式是各种多样式是各种多样,能够按时间或空间次序能够按时间或空间次序,从整体到局部从局部到整体方法叙述从整体到局部从局部到整体方法叙述,描描写写,说明或议论说明或议论,也可用比较也可用比较,对比对比,比喻比喻,推导推导,归纳归纳,演绎伎俩来展现演绎伎俩来展现.第39页单单一一性性:一一个个段段落落只只说说明明一一个个问问题题,讲讲述述一一件件事事,扩扩展展句句必必须须紧紧紧紧地地围围绕绕着着主主题题句句,不不偏偏离离中中心心思思想想.通常对扩展句要求有两个通常对扩展句要求有两个:单一性和连贯性单一性和连贯性找出一个违反单一性句子找出一个违反单一性句子.China has made great progress in reducing its population growth.China has already cut its rate of population growth by about one half since 1970.It is wrong of the western governments to find fault with its policies of elimination of poverty.China now urges each family to have no more than one child.And it hopes to reach zero population growth,the number of birth equaling the number of death,by the year.第40页连贯性连贯性:段落中各扩展句前后衔接段落中各扩展句前后衔接,条理清楚条理清楚,合合乎逻辑乎逻辑,使读者很轻易抓住段落中心思想使读者很轻易抓住段落中心思想.在在议议论论文文中中,我我们们常常会会谈谈到到首首先先,其其次次,然然后后,该该怎怎样样表表示示?1)first,second,third,last2)firstly,secondly,thirdly,finally3)thefirst,thesecond,thethird,thelast4)tobeginwith,then,furthermore,finally5)to start with,next,in addition,/besides,last but notleast6)ontheonehand,ontheotherhand7)foronething,foranotherthing第41页练习练习:依据所给主题句和提醒依据所给主题句和提醒,写好段落扩展句写好段落扩展句(1)主主题题句句:Howexcitedwewerewhenwelearnedthatweweregoingtohaveaspringtour.afterdiscussionagreeclimboutofthecityweoften pass by mountainthe first timethinkofclimbitsetoutearlymorningaboutanhourbegintiredstillalongwaygoshortbreakgoonclimblunchtimegettothetopmountainourbeautifulcitybelowushappyverytired结尾句结尾句:Itprovesthatmanythingsarejustlikeclimbingamountain;theylookattractive,buttheyarenoteasytodo.第42页参考答案参考答案:(1)After a heated discussion we agreed to climb the mountain outside the city.We had passed by the mountain when we were taking a bus out of the city,but it was the first time we had thought of climbing it.We started early in the morning.About an hour later,we began to feel tired,but there was still a long way to go.We took a short break and then went on climbing.Not until lunch time did we get to the top of the mountain.At sight of our beautiful city below us，we felt happy though we were tired out.第43页练习练习:依据所给主题句和提醒依据所给主题句和提醒,写好段落扩展句写好段落扩展句(2)主主题题句句:He was kind and shy before a group ofnaughtygirls,buthewasverystrictinhisteachingandwithourstudents.teachusalotinknowledgeaswellasinmoralityIremembermyfinalexamHaveanidealookindictionarysecretlyUnfortunatelydiscoversavemyfaceAfterexamcalltohisofficemyheartbeatfastInstead of scoldingsay kindlyadvisedo goodmovedtears18yearspasskeepremindmestudyhardhonest第44页参考答案参考答案:(2)Hetaughtusalotinknowledgeaswellasinmorality.Irememberthetimeofmyfinalexamination.Ihadtheideaoflookinginmydictionarysecretly.Unfortunately,mysecretwasdiscoveredbyhimandhesaidnothingtosavemyface.Aftertheexamination,Iwascalledtohisoffice.Myheartwasbeatingfast.Insteadofscolding,hetalkedkindlytomeandadvisedmetodogood.Iwasmovedtotears.Eighteenyearshaspassed,butthelessonremainsdeepinmymemoryandalwaysremindsmetostudyhardandkeephonest.第45页结论句结论句结论句并非必不可少结论句并非必不可少,但它能起到以下作用但它能起到以下作用:(1)表示段落结束表示段落结束(2)总结关键点总结关键点,与与主题句主题句相呼应相呼应(3)供供读读者者就就本本段段落落主主要要内内容容和和看看法法有有个个深深刻刻印印象象或进行思索或进行思索第46页结论句结论句:(推荐推荐)1.(主题句主题句:Lifeislimited,butknowledgeisboundless.)结尾句结尾句:Howimportantitistoreadgoodbooks!2.(主题句主题句:Booksarefullofknowledgeandwisdom.)结尾句结尾句:Whyshouldntwereadmorebookstosearchmoreandusethemtodevelopoursplendidfuture?3.(主题句主题句:WhenIwasalittlegirl,Ilivedwithmygrandparentsinafarawayvillage.)结尾句结尾句:Timewasgonewiththewind.Butmychildhoodislikeamber(琥珀琥珀),glitteringinmylife