资源描述
Intercultural Communication Intercultural Communication Intercultural Communication Intercultural Communication 跨文化交际实用教程跨文化交际实用教程A Practical Coursebook A Practical Coursebook Culture is a Bridge.Culture is a Bridge.第第1页页Unit1AnIntroduction第第2页页ObjectivesLearnthepurposeoflearningthecourse.LearnthenotionsofCulture,CommunicationandInterculturalCommunication.LearnthedifferencesbetweenChineseandWesterncultures第第3页页CONTENTSI.Warm-upCasesII.WhatIsCulture,CommunicationandInterculturalCommunication?III.TheDifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternCulturesIV.SummaryV.Assignments第第4页页I.Warm-upCasesPlease discuss the cases in groups and make a comment on it.Case1:ShowingConcernIn China:Xiao Li(an interpreter):You must be very tired.Youre oldCatherine(an elderly American lady):Oh,Im NOT old,and Im NOT tired.第第5页页CommentWhat the interpreter said is quite courteous in China.It means,“Ifyouaretired,wecantakealittlerest,sinceyouaregettingoninyears.”Theinterpretergavetheimpressionthathethoughttheelderlyladywouldcollapseanyminuteifshedoesntrestimmediately.第第6页页CommentIntheWest,thereisavalueplacedinbeingyoungthatmanypeopleconsciously,orsubconsciously,arenotwillingtoacceptthattheyaregrowingold.IntheWest:A:Howareyoudoingnow?Wouldyouliketorest?B:No,notabit.第第7页页The way of showing concern is different.InChinaIntheWeststatementstatementquestionquestion must how would第第8页页Case2FirstOfferACanadiancolleagueandItraveledtoGuilinwithouradmirableguideHepingLiuinveryhotweather.Sightseeingisathirstybusiness.Wedidnottrustthewater,andenjoyedexcellentbeer.WepolitelyofferedsometoHepingbutherefused.Wesaidnothinganddrankourbeer,whilepoorHepingwatched.Onanotherday,Hepingquicklyacceptedourofferofbeer.Questions for discussionInyourdailylife,doyouoftenacceptfirstoffer?Ifyes,inwhatsituation?第第9页页CommentFirst offerFirst offerChineseChinesewesternerswesternersModestPolitewell-behavedsecondorthirdofferReligiousreasonsReformedalcoholicAllergic第第10页页I.WhytakeInterculturalCommunication?Discussion第第11页页Peoplearedifferentthroughouttheworld,culturally,religiously,ideologically,aidildikali(思想上；意识形态上思想上；意识形态上)andracially,actuallydifferentinalmosteveryaspect,thereforewearesupposedtoknowabouttheirdifferencesasmuchaspossible,justforasmoothcommunicationamongtheHomosapiens(当代人当代人),thepeopleintheglobalvillage.YouwillmakeitbycomingtoInterculturalCommunication.WhytakeInterculturalCommunication?第第12页页The PurposeThe general purpose of this course is to understandthewaysinwhichcultureinterrelateswithandeffectscommunicationprocesses.Intercultural learning involves affective and behavioral processes,as well as cognitive ones.Throughout this course,you will have the opportunity to gain knowledge,skills and attitudes that will increase your intercultural communication competence.第第13页页The Objectives 1)To explore cultural self-awareness,other culture awareness and the dynamics that arise in interactions between the two.2)To understand how communication processes differ among cultures.3)To identify challenges that arise from these differences in intercultural interactions and learn ways to creatively address them.第第14页页4)To acquire knowledge and develop skills that increase intercultural competence.5)To have an understanding of the meaning of the cultures understood by the westerners and the easterners or the Chinese and Americans.第第15页页16 The ReasonsDevelopment of Science&Technology Globalization of EconomyWidespread ImmigrationDevelopment of MulticulturalismInternational CommunicationInterracial CommunicationInterethnic Communication or minority communication 第第16页页II.WhatIsCulture?第第17页页1.DefineculturesyourselfPlease write down whatever comes to your mind when you hear or think of culture.Next,try to figure out how they are related to culture.第第18页页2.DefinitionsofCulture1)Culture is the total way of life that a group of people shares.2)Culture is a system of shared beliefs,values,customs,behaviors,and artifacts that the members of a society use to cope with their world and with one another,and that are transmitted from generation to generation through learning.第第19页页 3)Culture is an Integrated system of learned behavior patterns which are characteristic of the members of a society and which are not the result of biological inheritance.4)Culture is the deposit of knowledge,experience,beliefs,values,actions,attitudes,meanings,hierarchies,religion,notions of time,roles,spatial relations,concepts of the universe,and artifacts acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving(努力,奋斗).第第20页页5)Culture is the total accumulation of beliefs,customs,values,behaviors,institutions and communication patterns that are shared,learned and passed down through the generations in an identifiable group of people.第第21页页3.ElementsofCulture第第22页页4.ThreeIngredientsofCultureartifactsconcepts(beliefs,values,worldviews)behaviore.g.Whereasthemoneyisconsideredanartifact,thenvalueplacedonitisaconcept,theactualspendingandsavingofthemoneyisbehavior.第第23页页5.CharacteristicsofCulture1)Cultureisshared.2)Cultureislearned.3)Cultureisbasedonsymbols.4)Cultureisintegrated.5)Cultureissubjectivetochange.6)Cultureisethnocentric,enusentrik(民族中心主义民族中心主义;种族优越感种族优越感).7)Cultureisadaptive.第第24页页III.WhatIsCommunicationCanyougivesomeexamplestoexplainthewordcommunication?Whatiscommunication?第第25页页1.DefinitionofCommunication Generally speaking,communication can be defined asadynamic,symbolic,transactionalandcontextualprocessinwhichpeoplecreatesharedmeaningsormessages.第第26页页2.BasicaspectstoCommunicationOurindividualpersonalityThecultureweoperateinThephysicalenvironmentthatsurroundsussuccessfulcommunicationcircumstancesbackground,knowledgeexperiences第第27页页IV.WhatIsInterculturalCommunication?第第28页页1.InterculturalCommunicationDefinedIntercultural Communication meanstheexchangeorcommunicationbetweenpeoplewhohavedifferentculturalbackgrounds.第第29页页2.ModelofInterculturalCommunication30第第30页页Themoresimilaritiestwoculturesshare,thelessinfluenceculturewillhaveoncommunication.Therefore,thelessmessageswillbechangedduringcommunication.Thelesstheculturesarealike,thegreatertheinfluenceofcultureoncommunicationwillbe,andthemorelikelythemessageswillbechanged.Misunderstandingininterculturalcommunicationoftenariseshere.第第31页页SupposeCultureA:ChinesecultureCultureB:JapanesecultureCultureC:Americanculture第第32页页3.BarriersinInterculturalCommunicationLanguagedifferencesNonverbalcommunicationStereotypes(陈规陈规,成见成见)CulturalbiasonjudgmentsHighlevelofstress第第33页页V.TheDifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternCultures第第34页页1.The attitudes by foreigners towards Chinese PeopleSavingFaceHardworkingFormal第第35页页TheattitudesbyforeignerstowardsChinesePeopleInsensitivetotime TendingtomisunderstandBeatingaboutthebush第第36页页TheattitudesbyforeignerstowardsChinesePeopleObeybutnotFollowBeingdoubtfulBeatingcontent第第37页页TheattitudesbyforeignerstowardsChinesePeopleNeverkissedparentsShanzaieverywhere第第38页页2.TheattitudesbyChinesetowardsWesternersKissandhuganytimeandanywhereGoingDutch第第39页页TheattitudesbyChinesetowardsWesternersBeingpunctualMindyourownbusinessToofrank第第40页页41CC:Manisanintegralpartofnature,complywiththewishesofnature.(天人合一，顺天应物天人合一，顺天应物)WC:Manisseparatefromnature,trytoconquerthenature.(天人相分，征服自然天人相分，征服自然)ManandNation第第41页页42CC:Familyethnicsfirst(家族伦理本位家族伦理本位)WC:Individualsfirst（个人本位）（个人本位）ConceptionofFamily第第42页页43CC:BelieveinharmonyandtheDoctrineoftheMean.贵和尚中。贵和尚中。WC:Trustinthespiritofreasons.理性精神。理性精神。ManandMan第第43页页44ThewayoflifeIndividualvsGroup第第44页页45ThewayofmakingcommentsDirectvsIndirect第第45页页46PunctualityOntimevsLate第第46页页47PersonalRelationshipSimplevsComplex第第47页页48Standinginaqueue LinevsFan第第48页页49WalkinginastreetonweekendsAfewvsacrowd第第49页页50TimeforashowerInthemorningvsintheevening第第50页页51DailylifeofoldpeopleWithadogvswithachild第第51页页52VoiceoftalkinginpublicLowvshigh第第52页页53IdeaofoneselfIndividual-centeredvsgroup-centered第第53页页54LeadershipEqualvspower第第54页页 Western:small,intimate family,retirement home,the old are separated,children leave early;being independent and look after themselves.Parents never interfere with their children affairs when they are old enough.Family第第55页页Old separated Young independent第第56页页AphotoofafarmfamilyA photo of Ba Jins Family第第57页页western:performance oriented,little rote(死记硬背)memory,ability to solve problems;practical competence of running a business is more important.Education第第58页页Eastern:experience oriented,much memorization,the more experienced you are,the more popular you will be;you will be regarded well-educated if you can recite some ancient poems.第第59页页The US students in class第第60页页The Chinese students in class第第61页页Western:,time oriented relationships(work,free time),make an appointment before you go to see anyone,no appointment,no business.Law superior to friendship and kinsfolk.Attitudes and Ideas Eastern:person oriented relationships(hospitality),friendship is everything,superior to law第第62页页ColorsNo two languages are ever sufficiently similar to be considered as reprinting the same social reality.The worlds in which different societies live are distinct worlds,not merely the same world with different labels attached.第第63页页A wedding ceremony第第64页页A Wedding Ceremony A funeral第第65页页 Redpaperbagcontainingmoneyasagift第第66页页 The red carpet:lay out the red carpet 第第67页页 A red card for their marriage;or for his health 第第68页页VI.CaseStudyWhoistoblame,FatherorDaughter?第第69页页AChineseoldmanattheageof60wenttoCanadatoseehisdaughterwhostayedinthecountryforabouteightyears.Justforakindoflovetoherfather,thedaughteraskedherfathertocomeandstayedwithherfamilyafewdays.Thefatherarrivedhappily,butleftmuchearlierthanexpectedsoangrily.第第70页页1.Youtookthewrongchopsticks.4.Ishouldpaytheticketmyself.2.Itsnoneofyourbusiness.3.Whyaresolate?第第71页页The father was angry.He didnt understand why his daughter was so hard that she did not have any human touch or not show any filial obedience for her father.She was successful in Canada.She had her own company.She had a good place of her own.Everything was perfect.To the father,his daughter seemed to forget about the close relation within the family.He said angrily:She is no longer my daughter.But who is to blame,Father or Daughter?第第72页页VII.SummaryWhytakeInterculturalCommunication?CultureCommunicationInterculturalCommunicationTheDifferencebetweenChineseandWesternCultures第第73页页VIII.Exercises 1.Matchingthetermswiththeirdefinitions A.cultureB.communicationC.ethnocentrismD.interculturalcommunicationE.businesscommunication1.()Thebeliefthatyourownculturalbackground,includingwaysofanalyzingproblems,values,beliefs,language,andverbalandnonverbalcommunication,issuperior.2.()Thetotalaccumulationofbeliefs,customs,values,behaviors,institutionsandcommunicationpatternsthatareshared,learnedandpasseddownthroughthegenerationsinanidentifiablegroupofpeople.第第74页页3.()Aprocessbywhichinformationisexchangedbetweenindividualsthroughacommonsystemofsymbols,signs,orbehavior,ortheexchangeofthoughts,messages,orinformation,asbyspeech,signals,writing,orbehavior.4.()Thecommunicationiswithinbusinessandadministration,aimingatacommonobjectiveandprofitsforboththeindividualsandorganizations.5.()Thecommunicationbetweenpeoplefromdifferentcultureswhenamemberofonecultureproducesamessageforconsumptionbyamemberofanotherculture.第第75页页Exercises 2.ComprehensionCheckDecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F)._1.Asaphenomenon,interculturalcommunicationhasexistedforthousandsofyears.However,asadiscipline,itshistoryisonlyaboutfiftyyears._2.InterculturalCommunicationasadisciplinefirststartedinEurope._3.Cultureisastaticentitywhilecommunicationisadynamicprocess._4.Culturecanbeseenassharedknowledge,whatpeopleneedtoknowinordertoactappropriatelyinagivenculture._5.Althoughculturalstereotypehasitslimitations(over-generalization),itstillcontributestoapersonsculturalcognition.第第76页页_6.Ininterculturalcommunication,weshouldseparateonesindividualcharacterfromculturalgeneralization._7.Culturalmistakesaremoreseriousthanlinguisticmistakes.Thelinguisticmistakemeansthatsomeoneisnotfullyexpressinghisorherideawhileculturalmistakescanleadtoseriousmisunderstandingandevenill-feelingbetweenindividuals._8.Allpeopleofthesamenationalitywillhavethesameculture._9.Althoughtwoculturesmaysharethesameideas,theirmeaningandsignificancemaynotbethesame._10.Onesactionsaretotallyindependentofhisorherculture.第第77页页Exercises 3.CulturalPuzzlesReadthefollowingsituationsandchoosetheappropriateanswer(s).Theremaybemorethanonepossibleanswerforeachculturalpuzzle.1.Whatwouldyoudoifsomeonetoldyoutousehisorherfirstname,butyoufeltuncomfortabledoingthis?a.Youcouldcontinuetousethepersonslastnamewithoutexplainingwhy.b.Youcouldtrytousethepersonsfirstnameeventhoughyoufeeluncomfortabledoingthis.c.Youcouldasktheperson,“IsitOKifIuseyourlastname?”第第78页页1.a)No.Ignoringotherssuggestionisimpoliteandoffensive.B)Yes.Whenyoutrysomethingnew,itmaybedifficultatfirst.Afterawhile,youwillgetaccustomedtoit.C)Yes.Youcouldlearnaboutotherscustomsbyaskingforculturalexplanations.第第79页页2.Situation:An American woman received a letter from a recently married Japanese friend.The Japanese woman wrote in her letter,“My husband is not very handsome.Your husband is much more handsome than mine.”The American woman was very surprised at what her friend wrote.1)WhydoyouthinktheAmericanwassurprised?a)TheAmericanwomansawapictureofherfriendshusbandandthoughtthathewasveryhandsome.b)TheAmericanwomandidntthinkherownhusbandwashandsome.c)IntheU.S.,itisdisrespectfultosaythatoneshusbandisnothandsome.第第80页页1)a)No.Evenifthiswastrue,shewouldntexpectawifetosaythisaboutherownhusband.Toher,theJapanesewomaninsultedherownhusband.B)No.Evenifthiswastrue,shewouldntexpecttheJapanesewomantocomparetheirhusbandsappearance.C)Yes.IfanAmericanwomansaidthisaboutherhusband,peoplemightthinkthattheydidnthaveagoodrelationship.第第81页页2)WhydoyouthinktheJapanesewomanwrote,“Myhusbandisnotveryhandsome”?a)TheJapanesewomanwastryingtotellherAmericanfriendthatshedidnotlikeherhusbandverymuch.b)ItisuncommoninJapantocomplimentoneshusband.c)TheJapanesewomandidntthinkherhusbandwashandsome,butshelikedhispersonality.第第82页页2)a)No.ThiswouldnotbeaJapanesewayforawifetosaythatshedidntlikeherhusband.B)Yes.InJapan,apersonwouldbeconsideredboastfulandnotmodestenoughifheorshecomplimentedhisorherfamilymembersinfrontofothers.第第83页页IX.Assignments1.CaseStudyToBeDirectorNot2.VideoWatchingGuaSha刮痧刮痧第第84页页ReadthefollowingcaseandanalyzewhySamdidntperformhisworksuccessfullytogetherwithhisSaudiArabianlaborers.ToBeDirectorNotSamLucas,aconstructionsupervisorforaninternationalengineeringfirm,hadthereputationofbeingtoughbutfair-minded.Hewasaveryforceful,obstinateindividualwhoalwaysspokehismind.Heneverhesitatedtocriticizeanyworkerwhomhefeltwasperformingpoorly.EventhoughduringhissixyearswiththecompanySamhadneverworkedoutsideoftheUnitedStates,hewaschosentosuperviseconstructiononanewhotelprojectinJidda,SaudiArabia,primarilybecauseofhisoutstandingworkrecord.Onthisproject,SamsupervisedtheworkofaboutadozenAmericansandnearly100SaudiArabianlaborers.ItwasnotlongbeforeSamrealizedthatt
展开阅读全文
浙ICP备2021020529号-1 | 浙B2-20240490 
