高中英语句子成分分析省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

句句 子子 成成 分分Members of a Sentence第1页句子成份句子成份定义定义：组成句子各个部分叫做句子成份。：组成句子各个部分叫做句子成份。句子成份有主要成份和次要成份；句子成份有主要成份和次要成份；主要成份主要成份：主语和谓语：主语和谓语次要成份次要成份：宾语、定语、状语、补：宾语、定语、状语、补 语、表语、表语、同位语语、同位语第2页1.ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.主主语语谓谓语语定定语语宾宾语语状状语语第3页主语（主语（subject）说明人或事物说明人或事物 Jane is good at playing the piano.She went out in a hurry.Four plus four is eight.To see is to believe.Smoking is bad for health.The young should respect the old.What he has said is true.第4页Thesunrisesintheeast.（名词）（名词）Helikesdancing.（代词）（代词）Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.（数词）（数词）Seeingisbelieving.（动名词）（动名词）Toseeistobelieve.（不定式）（不定式）Whatheneedsisabook.（从句）（从句）Itisveryclearthatthesunrisesintheeast.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）找出句中主语第5页谓语（谓语（predictate）说明主语动作、状态和特征说明主语动作、状态和特征简单谓语简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成由动词或动词词组组成I saw the flag on the top of the hill.He looked after two orphans.复合谓语复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词由情态动词或助动词+动词动词;He can speak English well.He has caught a bad cold.She doesnt seem to like dancing 第6页（三）（三）宾语（宾语（Object）表示动作对象或承爱者，普通位于动词和介词表示动作对象或承爱者，普通位于动词和介词后面。后面。比如：比如：1.He is doing his homework.2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.3.How many dictionaries do you have?I have five.（名词）（代词）（名词、数词）第7页4.They helped the old with their housework yesterday.5.He pretended not to see me.6.I enjoy listening to popular music.7.I think（that）he is fit for his office.（名词化形容词，名词）（不定式短语）（动名词短语）（宾语从句）第8页 直接宾语直接宾语和和间接宾语间接宾语 有些及物动词后面要跟有些及物动词后面要跟2个宾语个宾语,分为直接宾语和间接宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语;直接宾语多为直接宾语多为物物物物,间接宾语多为间接宾语多为人人人人，表明动作是对谁做。，表明动作是对谁做。Webroughtthemsomefood.主主 谓谓 间宾间宾 直宾直宾 Heshowedmehowtorunthemachine.主主 谓谓 间宾间宾 直宾直宾若先说直接宾语若先说直接宾语(物物),),后说间接宾语后说间接宾语(人人),必须必须借助介词借助介词 toto或或forfor：Weboughtsomefoodforthem.Heshowedhowtorunthemachinetous.第9页 宾语补足语宾语补足语宾语补足语宾语补足语-有些句子只有宾语并不能表示完整意思有些句子只有宾语并不能表示完整意思,还必须还必须在在宾语后宾语后 加上宾语补足语加上宾语补足语,句意才完整。宾补补充说明宾语干什么句意才完整。宾补补充说明宾语干什么,或处于何种状态。或处于何种状态。名词名词名词名词,形容词形容词形容词形容词,副词副词副词副词,介词短语介词短语介词短语介词短语,不定式不定式不定式不定式,现在分词现在分词现在分词现在分词和和过去分词过去分词过去分词过去分词 可充当宾补。可充当宾补。形容词形容词Leavethedooropen.副词副词WefoundJohnoutwhenwearrived.介词短语介词短语Makeyourselfathome.省略省略to不定式不定式Isawhimenterthehall.现在分词现在分词Thebosskeepsthemworkingingallday.过去分词过去分词Iheardmynamecalleded.第10页（四）定语（四）定语修饰或限制名词或代词词、词组或修饰或限制名词或代词词、词组或从从句句Heisacleverboy.Hisfatherworksinasteelwork.Thereare54studentsinourclass.Doyouknownbettyssister?Heboughtsomesleeping pills.Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.(形容词形容词)(名词名词)(数词数词)(名词全部格名词全部格)(动名词动名词)(现在分词现在分词)(过去分词过去分词)第11页第12页Thegirlin red ishissister.Wehavealotofworkto do.Thegirlstanding under the treeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwho spoke just now?Thereisnothinginteresting inthisbook.第13页（五）状语（五）状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征句子成份说明动作或状态特征句子成份说明说明时间、地点、方式、因果、条时间、地点、方式、因果、条件、让步、方向、程度、目标件、让步、方向、程度、目标等。等。I will be back in a while.They are playing on the playground.He was late because he got up late.He got up so late that I missed the train.第14页John often came to chat with me As he was ill,he didnt come to class yesterday.She is sitting at the desk,doing her homework.My father worked in this school ten years ago.Though he is young,he knows a lot.He came running.(程度 目)（地点（地点 伴随）伴随）（地点（地点 时间）时间）（让步）（让步）（方式）（方式）(原因原因)第15页I waited to see you.He often went to school by bus.His parents died,leaving him an orphan.Please call me if it is necessary.This book is very interesting.He went to school in spite of his illness.He always comes late to school.第16页（六）（六）宾语补足语宾语补足语有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语身份和状态说明宾语身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子意义完整。以补充其意义不足，使句子意义完整。这类惯用及物动词有这类惯用及物动词有 make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let.I found the book interesting.Do you smell something burning?He made himself known to them.第17页She asked me to lend her a hand.Please make yourself at home.Please keep the dog out.We must keep it a secret.第18页主动语态变成被动语态后主动语态变成被动语态后,宾语补足语变宾语补足语变成主补成主补.Ilastsawhimplayingneartheriver.Hewaslastseenplaying near the river.TheteachercaughtthestudentcheatingintheexamThestudentwascaughtcheating in the examWemadehimmonitor.Hewasmademonitor.Hepushedthedooropen.Thedoorwaspushedopen.第19页（七）表语（七）表语 系动词之后成份，表示主语性质、状态和特征系动词之后成份，表示主语性质、状态和特征常见系动词有常见系动词有:be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,look,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become,get,grow,come,go etc.系动词不用于被动语态系动词不用于被动语态.The apple tastes sweet.第20页1.Thewarwasover.2.Theyseemto know the truth.3.Timeis precious.4.Imnotquite myselftoday.5.Whowasthe first?6.Heisout of condition.7.Thebookiswhat I need.第21页（八）同位语（八）同位语 位于名词或代词后面，说明它们性质和情况位于名词或代词后面，说明它们性质和情况 Weyoungpeopleshouldrespecttheold.名词名词Hehimselfwilldotheexperiment.代词代词Heistheoldestamongthemfour.数词数词Hetoldmethenewsthatourteamwonthegame.从句从句HetoldmethenewsthatIaminterestedin.从从句句第22页Exercises:分析句子结构分析句子结构You are a student.He felt happy today.What you said made me happy.Could you give me some advice on how to learn English well?After he finished his homework,he went away.He likes pop music.第23页(一一)挑出以下句中挑出以下句中宾语宾语Mybrotherhasntdonehishomework.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.第24页(二二)挑出以下句中表挑出以下句中表语语-Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.-Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.-SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.第25页(三三)挑出以下句中定挑出以下句中定语语1.Whatisyourgivenname?2.Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.3.Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.4.Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!第26页(四四)挑出以下句中挑出以下句中宾语补宾语补足足语语Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.Shefounditdifficulttodothework.TheycallmeLilysometimes.IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.第27页(五五)挑出以下句中状挑出以下句中状语语Therewasabigsmileonherface.Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.Themanonthemotorbikewastravelingtoofast.第28页Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.Iamafraidthatifyouvelostit,youmustpayforit.ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachine.第29页一、一、主语主语 主语能够用下面这些东西表示：1.The sun rises in the east.（）2.He likes dancing.（）3.Two will be enough.()4.Seeing is believing.（）6.To see is to believe.（）7.When to hold the meeting has not been decided yet.()8.What he needs is a book.（）9.It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（）名词名词代词代词数词数词动名词动名词不定式不定式疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式从句从句It作形式主语，作形式主语，that从句是真正主语从句是真正主语第30页当当不定式、动名词或从句不定式、动名词或从句在某个句子中作主语在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，防止头重脚轻，时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，防止头重脚轻，所以惯用所以惯用it作形式主语作形式主语置于置于句首句首，而将真正主语，而将真正主语放在句尾。此时放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。义。什么情况下用什么情况下用it作形式主语？作形式主语？第31页 你能划出以下句子真正主语吗你能划出以下句子真正主语吗?你知道翻译以下你知道翻译以下句子吗？句子吗？1)It is wrong to tell a lie.()2)It is no use arguing about it.()3)It is uncertain who will come.()说谎是错误。说谎是错误。争吵是没用。争吵是没用。谁要来还不确定。谁要来还不确定。第32页二、二、宾语宾语 宾语能够用下面这些东西表示：宾语能够用下面这些东西表示：1.She lived a happy life.()2.I love you.()3.We need two.()4.Do you mind my opening the door?()5.He began to learn English a year ago.()6.He did not know what to say.()7.Did you write down what she said?()8.She felt it her duty to take good care of them.()名词名词代词代词数词数词动名词动名词不定式不定式疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式从句从句It作形式宾语，不定式是真正宾语作形式宾语，不定式是真正宾语第33页二、二、表语表语 表语能够用下面这些东西表示：表语能够用下面这些东西表示：1.He is a teacher.()2.My idea is this.()3.She was the first to arrive.()4.I feel much better today./I must be off now.()5.He is out of danger.()6.The news was exciting./They were excited at the news.()7.What surprised me most was that he spoke Chinese so well.()名词名词代词代词数词数词从句从句形容词形容词/副词副词介词短语介词短语分词分词第34页三、三、定语定语 定语能够用下面这些东西表示：定语能够用下面这些东西表示：1.Its a red car.()2.They live in the room above.()3.My brother is a teacher.()4.We belong to the third world.()5.Lucys father is a poor worker.()6.Mother made a birthday cake for me.()7.The man under the tree is my teacher.()8.The swimming boy is my brother./The boy swimming in the river is my brother.()形容词形容词副词副词代词代词数词数词名词全部格名词全部格名词名词介词短语介词短语现在分词现在分词第35页三、三、定语定语 定语能够用下面这些东西表示：定语能够用下面这些东西表示：9.I liked the food cooked by my mother./Retired people have a good time at home.()10.There are two things to be discussed today.（）11.Will you tell us about your teaching plan?（）12.This is the very book that I need.（）过去分词过去分词不定式不定式动名词动名词从句从句第36页四、四、四、四、状语状语 状语能够用下面这些东西表示：状语能够用下面这些东西表示：状语能够用下面这些东西表示：状语能够用下面这些东西表示：1.He is often late for class.()2.We saw that picture at the cinema.()3.He sat there smoking.()4.They returned tired and hungry.（）5.They did everything they could to save the boys life.（）6.Although he is young,he knows a lot.()7.The box is so heavy that I cant lift it.()副词，程度副词，程度介词短语，地点介词短语，地点分词，伴随分词，伴随不定式，目形容词，状态形容词，状态让步状语从句让步状语从句结果状语从句结果状语从句第37页四、四、状语状语 状语能够用下面这些东西表示：状语能够用下面这些东西表示：9.While my wife was reading the newspaper,I was watching TV.（）10.He was angry because we were late(）11.If it rains tomorrow,we wont go out.()时间状语从句时间状语从句原因状语从句原因状语从句条件状语从句条件状语从句第38页五、五、五、五、宾语补足语宾语补足语：1.I consider Jim I consider Jim a good frienda good friend.().()2.I always find her I always find her happyhappy.().()3.People praised him People praised him as a heroas a hero.().()4.I had the TV I had the TV fixedfixed.().()5.I saw him I saw him enteringentering the building.()the building.()6.What made youWhat made you think think so?()so?()7.Do you want me Do you want me to goto go?()?()形容词形容词名词名词介词短语介词短语过去分词过去分词现在分词现在分词省略掉省略掉to不定式不定式不定式不定式第39页