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Unit ElevenTelegrams and Telexes第1页I.IntroductionnTelegrams and telexes can send messages and data directly between two parties,and make transaction in international business efficient and convenient.Since time element means a great deal to the buyers and sellers.Telegrams and telexes are used to transmit urgent messages of all kinds.Nowadays,with the development of communication,telegrams are rarely used,but the language used is still having effects on business documents.第2页1.TelegramsnOnce,transactionsininternationalbusinessarediscussedindetailthroughairmails.Whentelegramwasintroduced,itquicklytookoverthejobofairmails.Actually,telegramsarelettersinahighlycompressedform,sotheabbreviationsandthecompoundingareusedtoservethepurpose.Hereisabriefintroductionoftelegrams.第3页1.1Characteristics of Telegramsn(1)Combinations,abbreviationsandtransformationsareoftenusedtoreducewordsinmessageoftelegrams.nCombinations:nASSOONAS:assoonasBANKRATE:bankratenAbbreviationsnA/CaccountACPTacceptnS/CsalesconfirmationTKSthanksnTransformationsnHURRYUPRUSH,EXPEDITEnASSOONASSOONEST第4页1.1Characteristics of Telegramsn(2)Nopunctuationmarksorsymbolsareusedinthemessageoftelegrams,weusuallyusenaturalwordstoreplaceorexplainthem.Forexample:n,COMMAABCABCUNDERLINEDn.STOP&AND第5页1.1Characteristics of Telegramsn(3)Somewords,suchasthefirstpersonalpronouns,theverb“be”,theparticle“to”,thearticles“a”,“an”,“the”,someauxiliaryverbsandmostprepositionsareoftenomitted.n(4)Presentparticiplesandpastparticiplesareusedtoshowthefuturetenseandthefinishedactionsrespectively.Forexample:na.SSEASTWINDSAILINGDIRECTYOURPORTMIDAUGUST(=Thesteamship“Eastwind”willsaildirectlytoyourportinmidAugust.)nb.SHIPPINGSPACEBOOKED(=Wehavebookedtheshippingspace.)第6页1.2 Kinds of Telegramsn“Plainlanguagetelegrams”and“codelanguagetelegrams”arethetwomainkindsofthecommercialtelegrams.nThecodelanguagetelegramsarewrittenincommercialcodes,suchasAcmeandBentley,andnowtheyareonlyusedbyafewtraderswhoareaccustomedtouseit.第7页1.2 Kinds of TelegramsnThe plain language telegrams may be classified into three types:ordinary,urgent,and letter telegrams.However,since January 1,1980,letter telegrams have not been accepted in most countries and areas.So,only the ordinary and urgent telegrams are widely used in the world.nAn ordinary telegram can be sent to the receiver within 3-4 hours,while an urgent telegram can reach the destination even quicker with an even more expensive charge.第8页1.3 Charge of TelegramsnTelegrams are charged by the number of words transmitted,the class of telegrams sent,and the localities destined for.Natural words(e.g.:meeting,conference,invoice),abbreviations(e.g.:ABV,INFO,EXCHR)and compoundings(e.g.:BESTOFFER,CABLEREPLY TWODOZENOF)are all“words”in telegrams,every ten letters can be counted as a“word”.If the number of letters in a word is more than 10,but less than 20,it must be counted as two“words”in the telegrams,for example,“SEWINGMACHINES”can be counted as two words.第9页1.4 Structure of a TelegramnTheEnglishtelegramsmainlyconsistofthreeparts:n(1)Receivers name and addressna.MAGGIEJONES110EAST25THSTREETNEWYORK,NY,USA.nb.KENSCHEESEHOUSE34CHATLEYAVENUESEATTLE,WA98765(Thetelegramissenttoanorganization,sothetelegraphicaddressorthenameoftheorganizationshouldbeused.)nc.(URGENT)KENSCHEESEHOUSE34CHATLEYAVENUESEATTLE,WA98765(Ifitisanurgenttelegram,theword“URGENT”shouldbeplacedbeforethetelegraphicaddress.)第10页1.4 Structure of a Telegramn(2)Body of the telegramnCHEESEPRICEACCEPTABLEWILLORDERPROVIDEDSHIPMENTENDOFMAYPLSREPLYBYCABLEn(3)Senders name or telegraphic addressnGARMEXCN(上海服装进出口企业，GARMEXisthereceiverstelegraphicaddress;CNisthenameofthecountrywherereceiverresides)第11页2.TelexesnTelex is the short form of“Teletypewriter”and“Exchange”,compared with telegram,which is more effective and economical.The telex equipment is installed in the subscribers office.Through teleprinter set,messages can be sent to or received from foreign countries.Due to the quick and convenient service,telex has been widely used in the international business in recent years.第12页2.1 Characteristics of Telexesn(1)Telexcanmakethecallingandthecalledpartiespractically“talkonpaper”.Moreover,sincethetelexequipmentworksautomatically,itcanreceivemessageswiththemachineleftunattended,andthemessagesreceivedatnightmaybefirstdealtwiththenextmorning.n(2)Abbreviation,ellipsisandtransformationareusedtosimplifywordsandphrasesinthemessageoftelexes,butcombinationsaregenerallynotused,eachwordisseparatedbyaspace.第13页2.1 Characteristics of Telexesn(3)In the message of telexes,either punctuation marks(except;)or symbols(except$,%,)or words COMMA,STOP,ETC.can be used,but using punctuation marks is more common.n(4)In the message of telexes,several matters can be stated either one after another preceded by AAA(or 111 or A,or 1),BBB(or 222 or B,or 2)etc.,or passage without any preceding signals.第14页2.2 Kinds of TelexesnTelexescanbedividedintotwokinds,oneiswritteninnaturalwordsasashortletter,andtheotherisratherbriefsomewhatlikeatelegraminsimplifiedwords.第15页2.3 Charge of TelexesnTelex is charged by the time engaged in transmission.The minimum charge for a telex is fixed on the basis of one minute.About 400 letters can be transmitted every minute.第16页2.4 Structure of a TelexnThe structure of a telex is different from that of a telegram;it generally includes the following parts.nTelex No._nUrgent or Top Urgent _nDate _n(To)Receivers Company and Country _n(From)Senders Company and Country _nOur Ref.No._nAttention Line(ATIN)_nSubject of the Telex(RE or SUB)_nBody of the Telex _nThe Complimentary Clause _nThe Closing Clauses _nName,Title&Telex No._nTime _第17页II.Procedure of Drafting a TelegramnWhendraftingtelegrams,wehavetobearinmindthethreeCs,i.e.clearness,concisenessandcourtesy.Neverusetwowordsifonewordwilldo.Atelegramshouldalwaysbeconcise.Ofcourse,weshouldneveromitawordattheexpenseofclearness.Clearnessshouldalwaysbeputinthefirstplace.Whennecessary,theword“please”maybeadded.Alwaysbepolite,atelegrammustnotsoundlikeanorderoracommand.Thiswouldoffendyourcustomers.Therefore,specialcaremustbetakentoseethatthewordsusedarecorrectandwillnotcauseanymisunderstandingtotherecipient.nTheprocedurerecommendedforbeginnerstofollowindraftingtelegramsconsistsoffourstepsasoutlinedbelow:第18页II.Procedure of Drafting a Telegramn1.Makeaconcisedraftofwhatyouwanttosayinatelegram.Inordertosaveexpenses,weshouldreducethenumberofwordsinatelegramtotheminimumnecessaryfortransmittingthemostessentialpartofthemessage,leavingthelessurgentparticulars,explanations,etc.toasupplementaryletter,ifnecessary.n2.Adjustthewordingofyourmessageandcrossoutthewordsthattheaddresseecaneasilysupplyfromthecontext.第19页II.Procedure of Drafting a Telegramn3.Substitute as far as you can short words,compounds and abbreviations for longer words and phrases.n4.Combine the words,abbreviations,etc.in your final draft into groups consisting of not more than 10 letters or 10 characters comprising letters,figures and signs.第20页III.Specimens of TelegramsnInquirynINTERESTEDMTEACHREDBEANSGREENBEANS19CROPINBULKANDGUNNYBAGSSTATINGINDETAILDESCRIPTNORIGINnOffernSEWMACHINEBUTTERFLYNOSUPPLYOFFERINGINSTEAD200SETSSTANDARDBRANDUSD20CIFSINGAPOREJUNESHIPMTCABLEREPLYnNoGoodsAvailablenYLJULY5NORTHCHINASHEEPSKINSUNAVAILABLEREVERTINGnCounterOffernYLJULY16PRICEHIGHPLSREDUCEBYTWOPCT第21页III.Specimens of TelegramsnConfirmationnYC16AUGWWRITGPAPER10MTOCTSHIPMTCONFIRMEDPLSRUSHL/CnPressingforL/CnORDER589GOODSREADYPLSRUSHLCnAskingforL/CAmendmentnLC1859PLSAMENDALLOWINGTRANSHIPMTnAboutShipmentnLC103SHIPPEDSSDATONGSAILING20INSTPLSINSUREnShippingAdvicenSC9988FOREVERBIKESSHIPD15MAYSSVICTORYETAENDMAYnClaimnORDER13BRASSBEDSARRIVEDDULLFINISHUSELESSPLSREPLACE第22页IV.How to Compose TelexnTeletypewritersprintincapitallettersonly.Theycannotunderscoreanywords,andthekeyboarddoesnotcontaincertainsignssuchasdollarsandampersand.Whendraftingtelexmessages,weshouldbeartheaboveinmind.nAsweknow,telexcallsarechargedonatimebasis.Tominimizethecostoftelextransmission,therefore,weshouldlearntomakethemessageasbrieforconciseaspossible,usingshortwordsthatrequirelesstimeintransmitting.nTosumup,thefollowingarethetechniquesrecommendedforbeginnerstofollowincomposingcommercialtelexes:第23页IV.How to Compose TelexnOmitunnecessaryarticles,pronouns,auxiliaryverbs,linkingverbs,conjunctions,prepositions,punctuationmarks,etc.nUseprefixesandsuffixessuchasun-,in-,de-,dis-,non-,mis-,under-,counter-,over-,-ing,-ed,-able,-y,-al,-ible,-ment,-tion,-sion,-ful,etc.tomakethemessagebrief.nShortenthemessagebystructuraldevices.第24页IV.How to Compose Telexna.Substitutephraseswithsinglewords,e.g.nIF=intheeventofnb.Substituteclausesbyparticiples,e.g.nONECLNTENQRREQSTGGNRLINFRMTNRESEWMACHINEn(Oneofourclientssentusanenquiryinwhichherequestedgeneralinformationregardingoursewingmachines.)nc.Deleteunnecessarywordsandrewritethemessage,e.g.nWLCNCLCONTRACTUNLESSRPLRCVDENDJUN.n(WeareafraidthatthecontractwillhavetobecancelledifyourreplydoesnotreachusbytheendofJune.)nd.Usedifferentformsoftheverbtoconveythemeaningofcertainactions.第25页V.Specimens of TelexesnPLSADVCOSTSNBUILDGTERMIFVPLACEODRFORELECTRICTYPEWRITERYREND.nWUDITBEPOSSIBLPRCHSESTEELPLATENIFSOWHENCLDDLVRYBEEXPECTDALSODESIREKNOWVALUEOFPRCHSEPRICE.nVQTESUBJCFMNONSHARPAIRCONDITIONERTIROLAH22-BIFATL350/UNITCIFLDNSHPTW/I5WKSAFTREPTODRLC.nABVOFRVALDTWOWKSENDGJUN45PMBUTANYIMPTARIFFCHANGEYRRISKNA/C.第26页V.Specimens of TelexesnREYRMDL45PLSDISCNT30PCTASSIMLRPRODTSSOLDHEREABT15DLRSLOWERTHANYRSCANSELLOVER200PERMONTHIFABVDISCNTGIVEN.nYTDF-1005FEB/5UNIVERSEXYRBID10PCTCUTONOUROFRTOUSD5000/UNITCIFSFISINTERABLETOUSBCAUSOURSISBESTPSBLPRICEBUTINVIEWNEEDTODVLPOURMKTINYRTOWNNJPNSDULLEXPTRADEACPTGYRBIDTHISONCEHOPEEARCONCLSNOFCONTRPLSOON.nTKSYTJUN30ACPTDOUROFRUNDER5PCTCUTTERMSXUPONSTUDYAGRDTOYRBIDNIMDTLYPREPAREDSALESNOTEWHICHVMAILDTODAYPLSFINDITINODRRPLSOON.第27页V.Specimens of TelexesnYRMAY6ODR100B/SSILKPRODTSHASBEENLOADDONSSCHIMINGETDQINGDAOJUN10HOPETHEYWLBFOUNDINODRUPONARVLXCYINYB/LINSPOLICYTOBEMAILDLATERWITHCFMNLTRTKS.nTKSYTNOV20COLORTVSUNRISE18MODELA-3XYRBIDUSD800/UNITCIFSFACDGMKRAPERILOUSPRICERISKGLOSSUNDERPRESENTHIGHYENEXCHRATEUSD180SOSUGSTINCROFYRODRFM30TO40XIFUAGRREADYYRBIDRPLSOON.nRGRTSHPTYRODR30STEROSETSPROJECT770HASBEENPUTOFFTOMAYVFOUNDNOAPRVSLAVLBLFORNYNHADNOCHOICEBUTHOLDGOODSINJPNFORONEMONTHDEEPLYAPOLOGZSUCHDELAYWHICHPLSACK.第28页VI.Exercisesn1.TranslatethefollowingtelegramintoChinese:1.YC25KRAFTPAPER10M/TSHPMTAUGACCEPTEDOTHERITEMSWORKING2.YC18BICYCLECONFIRMEDSEWMACHINEREVERTING3.PLSCABLESEWMACHINELICENCEPOSITIONAWAITGLC4.LC1414SHIPPEDS/SREDSEAETAENDOCTPLSINSUREWRITING5.LC1218PLSAMENDPAIRTOPEADDZPAIR第29页VI.Exercisesn2.Transcribethefollowingintotelexmessages,usingasmanyabbreviationsasyoucan:1.Weareinterestedinpurchasing175ForeverBrandBicycles,TypeUL18.Wewishtohaveaquotation,withdiscount,costplusfreightandinsurancetoGenoa.Pleaseinformusofdeliverydateandpaymentterms.2.GoodsunderyourOrderNo.736arereadyfordispatch.Unfortunatelywehavenotyetreceivedyourpackinginstructions.Pleaseinformusofyourshippingmarksandpackingrequirementsindetailbytelex.3.WeneedreplacementsforthegoodsinCaseNo.17underOrderNo.185whichwereshippedpers.s.Mersey.Thegoodsarebadlydamaged,butwedontknowthecauseyet.Weshallletyouknowassoonaswehavethesurveyorsreport.第30页Supplementary material:Fax and E-mailnI.IntroductionnFaxesandE-mailsarecontributingalottotheinternationalbusiness.Asbuyersandsellersareresidingindifferentcountriesandseparatedbythousandsofmiles,convenient,quickandeconomicalelementsallshouldbetakenintoconsiderationininternationaltrade,andfaxesandE-mailscanjustmeettheseneeds.第31页1.FaxesnA fax(short for facsimile and sometimes called telecopying)is a device that can send or receive pictures and text over a telephone line.It is the transmission of scanned-in printed material(text or images),usually to a telephone number associated with a printer or other output device.A fax machine consists of an optical scanner for digitizing images on paper,a printer for printing incoming fax messages,and a telephone for making the connection.第32页1.1 Characteristics of Faxesn(1)Thefaxisadigitalform,andtheinformationistransmittedaselectricalsignalsthroughthetelephonesystem.Thereceivingfaxmachinereconvertsthecodedimageandprintsapapercopyofthedocument.n(2)Faxmachinesareconvenientandsimpletouse,allyouneedtooperateisatelephone.Whenyouaresendingamessage,youjustneeddialthetelephonenumberatthereceivingterminalandpushthetransmitbutton.第33页1.1 Characteristics of Faxesn(3)Faxmachineshavenokeyboard,soyoushouldpreparethemessageonatypewriter,computer,orwordprocessorandaddanygraphicsbeforeputtingthefinisheddocumentonthefaxmachine.n(4)Faxcanbecommunicatedasfastasinternationalphonecallandtelex.Itisa24-hourserviceandthemessagecanbereceivedunattended.n(5)Comparedwiththetelegramandtelex,thelanguageinafaxisjustthesameasaletter,itdoesnotneedtouseabbreviations.第34页1.2 Charge of FaxesnSincethefaxhasitsownscannerandprinter,anditisoperatedbyatelephone.Thechargeisdependedonthetimeamessageisprinted.Thetransmissionofonepageischeaperthantelex.第35页1.3 Layout of a FaxnAfaxconsistsoftwoparts:faxheadingandfaxbody.Thebodyofafaxmayfollowthelayoutofaformalbusinessletter,itendswiththesignatureofthesender,butunlikealetter,thesalutationandcomplimentaryclosearenormallyomitted.Faxheadingusuallyincludesthefollowingparts:nRecipientsname/titlenCompanynameofrecipientnSendersname/titlenDateofsendingnFaxnumbernSubjectlinenNumberofpages第36页2.E-mailsnE-mailstandsfor“electronicmail”;itisamethodofcomposing,sending,storing,andreceivingmessagesoverelectroniccommunicationsystems.WiththewideuseoftheInternetandthedevelopmentoftheelectronicbusiness,mostpeopleliketodobusinessonthenetande-mailiswidelyusedinmodernbusinesscircles.第37页2.1.Characteristics of E-mailsn(1)E-mailisthemosteffectivemeansoftransmittingmessagesthroughthecomputernetwork,anditmakesyougetthemessageinafewsecondsandreplyatonceasifyouarehavingaconversationonthephone.n(2)Ifyouwanttousethee-mail,youmusthaveane-mailaddress.Thisaddressmusthavelettersanddotsanda“”(meaning“at”).Thisiswhatanaddresslookslike:.Youcanwriteamessage,typeinthereceiverse-mailaddress,andthensendthemessageacrosstheInternet.Peopledontneedtousestamps,envelopesorgotothepostofficesincetheinventionoftheInternet.第38页2.1.Characteristics of E-mailsn(3)E-mailmessagescanbestoredinthecomputersystem,iftheusersdonotcancelthem.n(4)Ane-mailistobebrief,clearandtothepointanditshouldfitintoonescreen.Ifyouwanttosendlongorcomplexdocuments,youshouldattachthemtothemessage.n(5)Ane-mailismuchlessformalthanawrittenletter.Emailsareusuallyshortandconcise,abbreviatedverbforms(Hes,Were,Hed,etc.)canbeusedhere.Asimple“Hello”isadequateifyouarewritingtosomeoneyoudontknow.Whenwritingtosomeoneyouknowwell,feelfreetowriteasifyouarespeakingtotheperson.第39页2.2.Charge of an E-mailnE-mailismuchquickerandcheaperthansendinganordinaryletter.Thereceiveronlyneedacomputerequipmenttoacceptonesmessage,oncetheequipmentisinplace,thereareusuallysavingsincopying,long-distantdelivery,andothertraditionalcosts.第40页2.3.Layout of an E-mailnE-mailmessagesdonothaveanall-agreed-uponformatyet;mostE-mailmes
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