京津都市圈的魅力新城——天津南河镇区概念性总体设计1.doc

京津都市圈的魅力新城——天津南河镇区概念性总体设计（文本）
The Fascinating New Town of the Beijing-Tianjin Metropolitan Area:
Concept Masterplan of Nanhe Town, Tianjin
(Text)

1 展望——京津都市圈的魅力新城
Vision: The Fascinating New Town in the Beijing-Tianjin Metropolitan Area

1.1 中国的三大经济圈
Three Main Economical Regions in China

城市经济圈是一国经济的重心区和增长极。所谓重心区是指它对国民经济的重要程度，就像生命体的“心脏”一样；所谓增长极是指它对国民经济的增长带动作用，可以比作是机械运动中的“发动机”。
Urban economical area is the core region and increasing point of national economy. The core region reveals its importance to the national economy equals to the “heart” of beings, while the increasing point indicates its impulse to the national economy equals to the “engine” of mechanical movement.
在中国，具有“重心区”和“增长极”意义的城市经济圈，在过去的四分之一世纪经历了重大的变迁。现在通常认为，有三大城市经济圈，即以上海为中心包括周边的苏州、无锡、南京、杭州、宁波等城市构成的长江三角洲城市经济圈；以广州、深圳、珠海、佛山、东莞等城市群构成的珠江三角洲城市经济圈；以及以北京、天津、唐山、沈阳、大连、济南、青岛等城市构成的环渤海城市经济圈。
In China, such urban economical area have experienced great changes in the past quarter century. Now in common sense, there are three urban economical areas in China: Shanghai-centered Yangtze Delta Region(including Suzhou, Wuxi, Nanjing, Hangzhou and Ningbo), Zhujiang Delta Region (including Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Foshan and Dongguan) and The Bohai Sea Surrounding Area (including Beijing, Tianjin, Tangshan, Shenyang, Dalian, Jinan and Qingdao)
作为环渤海城市经济圈中的重心城市天津市，在经历了新一轮的城市建设与发展之后，特别是伴随着滨海新区的开发和内部产业结构的调整升级，确立了在区域经济中的地位和自身的定位，可以预见，未来的天津将成为带动环渤海经济圈的经济引擎，城市建设将面临新的飞跃。
Tianjin, as the core city in the Bohai Sea Surrounding Region, after a new-round urban construction and development, especially the development of Binhai New District and improvement of its inner industrial structure, has assured its status and location in regional economy. Predictably, Tianjin will be the economical engine of Bohai Sea Surrounding Region, and face a new jump in urban construction.

1.1.1 长三角经济圈
Yangtze Delta Region

“上海为龙头，苏浙为两翼”的长江三角洲经济圈是中国经济、科技、文化最发达的地区之一，也是中国现在经济最为活跃的地区，是中国经济巨轮的领航者。
The Yangtze Delta Region, with its leader Shanghai and two wings Jiangsu and Zhejiang, is the most developed region in economical, scientific, technological and cultural aspects of China, and also the most active economic region, the pilot of China's economy.

1.1.2 珠三角经济圈
Zhujiang Delta Region

中国入世后，以广东、香港、澳门三个支点构成的“大珠江三角洲”经济圈正在加速形成，三地经济融合、合作升级的步伐正在全面加速。
After China entered WTO, the tripartite confrontation of “Wide Zhujiang Delta Region” composed of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao is developing faster and faster, the steps of economical immerge and cooperation are also accelerating.

1.1.3 环渤海经济圈
The Bohai Sea Surrounding Area

环渤海经济圈是京津冀为中心，以辽东半岛、山东半岛为两翼，形成以现代服务业为支撑的综合性产业集群。
The Bohai Sea Surrounding Area take Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei as the center and Liaodong Peninsula, Shandong Peninsula as the two wings, and form the comprehensive industrial clusters supported by modern service industry.

1.2 京津都市圈的新城建设
New Town Construction in the Beijing-Tianjin metropolitan Area

根据北京周边地理和气候，西北部地区定位为生态功能带较科学；北京新的城市规划把东部定位为“东部发展带”，重点发展通州、亦庄、顺义三个新城，这一发展带与京津城镇发展轴互相对接，首尾相联。
According to the geographical condition and climate of Beijing’s neighboring region, it is more reasonable to locate the West-North district as ecological zone. The new plan of Beijing located the east as the” East developing zone”, and focus on developing three new towns: Tongzhou, Yizhuang, Shunyi. The development zone echoes and connects with Beijing-Tianjin developing axis.
按照京津都市圈一体化的总体规划设想，北京、天津两大城市为核心的京津走廊将成为构建区域一体化发展战略的重要枢纽，形成区域重要的城市发展带；而京津都市圈的新城建设，也将是形成此发展战略的重要步骤。
In view of the master plan concept of “Integration of the Beijing-Tianjin Metropolitan Area”, Beijing-Tianjin corridor with two core cities at both ends will become an important hub of composing the regional integration strategy, and also forms the important regional urban developing zone. While the new town construction of Beijing-Tianjin Metropolitan Area is also the important steps of this strategy.

南河镇得益于与天津中心城区的临近，在新一轮的新城建设中，有着巨大的发展机遇，借助于良好的发展理念和规划设计，相信必将成为未来京津都市圈别具特色的现代化新城。
Nanhe town benefits from its Geographical conditions- close to Tianjin’s centre. In the new round of the new town construction, it has great development opportunities and must become a distinctive modern city in Beijing and Tianjin Metropolitan Area in future with the help of proper developing concepts and excellent plan and design.

1.2.1 北京通州新城
Tongzhou New Town, Beijing

通州新城是北京重点发展的新城之一，面向区域可持续发展的综合性服务新城。
Tongzhou New Town is one of the most important developing new towns in Beijing, which is a regional sustainable development and comprehensive service new town.
新城的发展目标定位为：区域服务中心，文化产业基地和滨水宜居新城。
Developing goals: regional service center, cultural and industrial site and waterfront comfortable living new town.
1.2.2 天津京津新城
Jingjin New Town, Tianjin

京津新城是集休闲、居住、教育、科研、会展、商贸、工业于一体的现代化新城，包括峰会会展基地、总部后台系统服务基地、文化教育、生态宜居、休闲度假等功能。
Jingjin New Town is a modern new town which Integrate leisure, residence, education, scientific research, exhibition, commerce and industry with the functions of summit conference and exhibition base, the headquarters base for back-office systems services, education, ecology residence, and leisure.

1.3 天津西部城镇发展带
The City Axis along the West Tianjin

天津总体结构为：“一轴两带三区”。“一轴”即“武清—中心城区—塘沽”发展主轴。“二带”是指东部沿海发展带和西部城镇发展带。“三区”是指北部蓟县山地自然保护区、中部大黄堡洼湿地和七里海湿地保护区、南部团泊洼水库和北大港水库湿地保护区。2`
The overall structure of Tianjin is "1 axis 2 belts 3 zones." "1 axis" means "the Wuqing - City Centre - Tanggu" development spindle. "2 belts" refer to the eastern coastal development belt and western urban development belt. "Three zones" refers to the northern part of Jixian Mountain Nature Reserve, the central big Huangbaowa wetlands and Qilihai Wetland Reserve, south of Tuanbowa Reservoir and Beidagang reservoir wetland Reserve.

南河镇位于西部城镇发展带上，沿蓟县——宝坻——中心城区——静海方向，以津蓟、津沪等高速公路为轴，串联天津西部新城和中心镇，成为区县经济腾飞的发动机，支撑起城镇经济发展的空间构架。
Nanhe town locates in the western urban development belt, along the direction of Jixian - Baodi - City Centre - Jinghai, with the axis of Jinji and Jinhu expressways. It connects the Tianjin western new towns and central town and becomes the engine of county’s economic takeoff and support the spatial framework of the town's economic development.
除此以外，南河镇还受到“武清—中心城区—塘沽”发展主轴的辐射影响。该轴西联北京，东至天津港，中间以天津中心城区为核心，城镇密布，是未来京津国际化大都市连绵带核心发展轴的重要组成部分。
In addition, Nanhe town has also been effected by the radiation of "Wuqing - City Centre - Tanggu" development spindle. The axis begins from Beijing in the west and ends at Tianjin Port in the east, with Tianjin City center as the core of the middle high density region. It will be the important part of the core development axis of the future international metropolis of Beijing and Tianjin.

1.4 展望——南河新城
The Vision

2 新城建设——历史上的经验
New Town Construction: =Experiences through History

2.1 大都市区的发展与新城建设
Development of Metropolitan Areas and New Town Construction
新城规划与建设是伴随着工业化的产生而产生的；现代工业化所导致的交通拥挤、居住条件恶化、城市无序蔓延、瘟疫流行等等城市问题，催发了离开大城市地区，在其外围建设新的理想城市的现代新城建设运动。
New town plan and construction initiate with the company of Industrialization. Modern Industrialization caused many urban problems such as traffic jam, deterioration of living conditions, urban disorder spread and plague epidemic. The problems urges people to leave metropolitan areas and carrying out modern new town construction movement -building the new ideal city in its external area.

新城运动应始于1898年霍华德《明天：真正改革的和平途径》里表述的“田园思想”。霍华德先生开创性地提出了城乡一体化，至今仍具有深远意义。在他描述的图景里，田园城市是三产共同发展的复合载体，主张城市发展与生态环境保护并重。
The new town movement begins with the “Garden concept” expressed in Howard’s "Tomorrow: a Peaceful Path towards Real Reform "in 1898. Mr. Howard put forward “Urban-Rural Integration” which is still meaningful until now. In his description, Garden City is a complex of three industries, and he also advocates focusing on both urban development and ecological environment.
之后大多数新城建设也承袭了霍华德的田园城市的部分理念。比如在城镇周围设置永久性绿带, 采取紧凑的发展模式；以到公共中心的步行距离作为发展范围强调邻里中心以及邻里之间具有明确的边界, 以突出邻里的归属感，提倡具有居住、商业和就业的混合功能社区；以及以公共交通为主导的空间发展模式。
Since then, most new town construction inherited parts of Howard’s concepts. For example, setting up a permanent greenbelt around the town, adopting the compact developing mode, setting obvious neighboring boundary by the walking distance from public center in order to outstand the neighborhood sense of belonging, prompting mixed function community of residence, commerce and employment and public transportation oriented spatial development mode.

在现代大都市地区发展的背景下，在中心城区外围建立环境更加优良的新城，并和大都市自身的发展相结合，已经成为一种共识。
In the background of modern metropolitan area, the idea of setting up better environment outside city center while integrating with their own development has become a common sense.

2.2 英国的新城建设
New Town in Britain

2.2.1 1944年大伦敦规划
The County London Plan, 1944

1944年英国著名城市规划学家阿伯克隆比爵士，针对伦敦面临的交通拥堵、环境恶化等大城市问题，主持制定了大伦敦规划，立足伦敦所在的区域，发展一系列新城，使其具备就业条件，有机疏散伦敦的城市功能。从半个多世纪的实践来看，这个规划获得了巨大成功。
In 1944, the famous British urban planning experts Sir Abercrombie organized the Big London Plan against the traffic jam, environmental degradation issues. The plan developed a series of new towns based on London’s location to make sure that they have employment Conditions and organic evacuation function. Judging the practice of more than half a century, this plan was a great success.

2.2.2 早期新城规划
Earlier New Town Planning
1945年，由英国中央政府直接拨款的新城开发公司正式成立，英国的新城开发运动也由此拉开序幕。
In 1945, the new town developing company financed directly by British central government was set up, which represent the beginning of British new town movement.

英国早期的新城人口范围10万人左右,由于规模较小，在一定程度上影响了新城的发展，同时由于规划理念上的问题，使得早期的新城提供不了足够的就业岗位，而对中心城市具有比较严重的依赖性。
Britain's early population of the new towns is about 100,000, due to its small scale; the development of new towns was affected in a certain extent. Meanwhile, the issues of planning concept can not provide enough jobs in the early new towns, and performed a serious dependence on central cities.

2.2.3 后续新城规划
Later New Town Planning

后来的新城规划趋向更大规模发展。90年代的大型新城除了像原有的新城一样拥有完善的、基本的公共和社会基础设施之外，增加了更完善的生活服务设施和文化娱乐设施。
The later new town planning tended to be a larger scale development. In 1990s, except from the fundamental public and social infrastructure as the original ones, more completed living and cultural recreational facilities were added to the new towns.

更重要的是，其城市功能着眼于促进大都市中心区的经济发展。90年代初，英国的城市人口已达90%，其中的23%是居住在政府规划和建设的各种不同规模的新城内。
The more important is that their functions are improving the economical development of metropolitan center area. In the early 1990s, the urban population of United Kingdom had reached to 90 percent, of which 23 percent lived various sizes of new towns planned and constructed by government.

2.3 美国的新城建设与新城市主义
New Town in the US and the New Urbanism

2.3.1 20世纪30年代由联邦政府主持开发的新城
1930s, New Town Developed by Federal Government

马里兰州的格林贝特是1930年由联邦政府主持开发的三个新城之一，是当时罗斯福新政的产物，目的是为中低收入家庭提供住房。
The Greenbelt in Maryland is one of the three new towns developed by the federal government, the product of Roosevelt's New Deal, aiming to provide residence for middle-low families.
格林贝特运用综合手段建设一个自给自足的花园城市，也是联邦政府第一次尝试直接干预具体的城市建设，成为后来美国新城（花园城市）规划建设的一个楷模。
Greenbelt adopted comprehensive strategy to build a self-sufficient garden city. It is the first trial to intervene the specific urban construction which became an example of the plan history of American New Town (Garden City).
2.3.2 20世纪60年代由私人开发商建设的新城
1960s, New Town Developed by Private Developer

20世纪60年代的新城开发商认为新城就是一个规划的社区。这是一个经济上自给自足的新城模式，城市提供多种就业机会，城市的管理由一个准政府机构完成。此时的新城规划建立在私人交通的基础上，实际上就是美国城市无序蔓延的产物。
In 1960s, the developers considered that the new town is a planned community. It is a self-provided mode. The new town offered many job opportunities and were managed by a Quasi-governmental agencies. At that time, the new town plan is founded on the basis of private transportation, in fact, the disorder spread product of American cities.
对于这种大面积绿地的新城布局更多是批评的声音：近三分之一的绿地是否浪费土地资源？所谓大面积的开放绿地是否真正适合生态保护的要求？过于松散的居住布局和过低的密度能否负担公共交通？
About the large-scaled Greenland New Town layout, the critics sounds more, Is one third of green land a waste of land resource? Can the so-called open Greenland really suitable for the requirements of ecological protection? Can the loose residential layout and low density undertake the public transportation?

2.3.3 20世纪80年代新城市主义小镇
1980s, New Urbanism Town

新城市主义倡导回归市井生活，重塑人性化、多样化、有社区感的城市生活氛围。
The new urbanism promotes the reunification of the new town city life, reshapes urban atmosphere of human nature, diversification, and community sense.
在交通方面，提倡以区域性交通站点为核心，以步行半径布置住宅和公共建筑；在用地布局上，主张紧凑发展，提高居住密度；在社区结构上，规划有明确的社区中心和邻里单元，混合布置住宅和配套服务设施。用地布局以不规则格网式道路为主，采取狭小的街道（降低车速）、路边停车、沿街设置人行道等方式提供紧凑高效的道路系统，为节约土地而减少私家花园面积、控制停车场大小，规定车库不能露在沿街面等，并为维持这种简朴自律的社区魅力制定相关的建设细节。
In transportation aspect, the new urbanism advocates taking regional transportation stations as centers, and arranges houses and public architecture by walking radius. In landuse aspect, it advocates compact development and higher residence density. In community structure, the plan should have obvious community centers and neighboring units, mixed layout of houses and attached service facilities.

2.4 香港新市镇建设
New Town in Hong Kong
2.4.1 将军澳
将军澳位于香港九龙东部，是香港新近发展起来的一个环境优美的综合社区。目前，将军澳人口已达３０万，根据分区计划大纲，将军澳最终可容纳４８万人。拓展署拟在将军澳作进一步发展，使将军澳成为一个交通便捷、极富人气、具有独特都市设计和优越居住环境的新市镇。
Located in the eastern part of the Jiulong in Hong Kong, Jiangjunao is a beautiful comprehensive community developed recently. At present, its population has reached to 300,000, according to Zoning Plan; Jiangjunao will eventually accommodate 480,000 people. The Territory Development Department intend to improve it to be a new town with convenient traffic, attractiveness, unique design and superior living environment.
2.4.2 荃湾
荃湾的复合地产模式在满足了人们的基本需求同时，为城市地区活力的重塑提供了新的发展大陆。满足人对楼、对居住空间、办公空间、活动空间有了更高的理解和追求。“复合地产”是通过对未来适合人类发展的各种新的生活方式适度超前地研究，将居住、办公、商业、娱乐等功能一体化，是未来房地产项目开发的趋势，是人们生活方式发生变革的向导。
The mixed landuse of Quanwan not only meets the basic needs of the people, but also provides a new development space for the vitality of urban areas. Through a appropriate research ahead about various new lifestyles for the future development of mankind, the mixed landuse integrates residence, office, commerce and recreation. It reveals the trend of future real estate projects and leads the changes of human life style.

2.4.3 元朗
元朗是一个包容城乡、新旧、中外的多元化社区。既有历史悠久的乡村,亦有不断发展的元朗市及天水围新市镇.区内居住了原居民、区外迁入居民、新来港人士及少数族裔。多阶层混合居住使元朗亲切而富有活力。宜人的步行尺度与空间、良好的生态环境共同构建生态宜居的新市镇。
Yuanlang is a diverse community including urban and rural, old and new, Chinese and foreign components. It has long history village, and also continuous developing new towns in Yuanlang and Tianshuiwei. The mixed residence of original residents and immigration, new arrivals and ethnic minorities makes Yuanlang a cordial and dynamic city. Pleasant walking scale and space, good ecological environment contribute to the new town together.

2.5 上海