9A-Unit-4-知识点梳理.doc

九年级第一学期牛津英语知识点梳理Unit 4 ComputersI.词汇部分 1. 单词考纲单词1) screenskri:nn.屏幕2) dependdi5pendv.依靠；依赖3) common5kCmEnadj.常见的；普遍的4) knowledge5nClidVn.知识；学问5) printprintv.印刷；打印6) operate5CpEreitv.操作；控制；使运行7) spaceship5speisFipn.宇宙飞船；航天器8) order5R:d(r)n. & v.订购9) lengthleNWn.长度10) seatsi:tn.座位11) distance5distnsn.距离；间距非考纲单词 12) *recognize5rekgnaizv.辨认出；认识13) *desktop5desktCpn.台式电脑14) *laptop5lAptCpn.便携式电脑15) *palmtop5pB:mtCpn.掌上电脑16) *tiny5tainiadj.极小的；微小的17) *unaware7Qn5weE(r)adj.没意识到；未察觉18) *rarely5reEliadv.罕有；很少；不常19) *importantlyim5pR:tntliadv.重要地20) *aeroplane5eErEpleinn.飞机21) *meaning5mi:niNn.意义；意思22) *commandkE5mB:ndn.命令；指令23) *CD-ROM7si:di:5rCmn.只读光盘24) *DVD-ROM7di:vi:di:5rCmn.数字只读光盘25) *writing5raitiNn.文章；著作26) *awareE5weE(r)adj.意识到27) *blankblANkadj.空白的28) *supplys5plain.贮备；供应量29) *contact5kCntAktn.联系人30) *reference5refrnsn.编号；参考31) *quantity5kwCnttin.数量32) *peakpi:kn.山顶；山峰33) *courtkR:tn.公寓大楼2. 词组考纲词组1) depend on依靠；依赖2) for the time being暂时；眼下3) so that如此以至于4) play with玩耍，摆弄5) be able to能够（有能力）6) for example例如7) talk to与谈话8) listen to听非考纲词组9) * (be) unaware of没意识到；未察觉10) *common knowledge常识11) *be small enough to put in your pockets足够小放进你的口袋12) *like a bar of chocolate像一块巧克力13) *operate railways运行铁路14) *fly areoplanes and spaceships开飞机和飞船15) *call them electronic brains称它们为电脑16) *the answer to this question这个问题的答案17) *create new ideas产生新想法18) *raise some interesting questions提出一些有趣的问题19) *change our lives改变我们的生活20) *help you recognize your voice帮助你识别你的声音21) *obey your commands遵循你的指令22) *write your letters写你的信23) *hold millions of pages of writing容纳成千上万页文章24) *read about读到；查阅到25) *since then自此以后3. 英英解释考纲词汇1) obeyv.follow a command or order服从；听从；顺从2) operatev.use or control a machine操作；控制；使运行3) typev.write using a keyboard of typewriter打字4) realizev.become aware意识到5) raisev.put forward提出6) depend onneed依靠；依赖7) for the time beingfor now and some time into the future; at present暂时；眼下非考纲词汇 8)*commandn.order or instruction命令；指令9)*desktopn.a full-sized computer with a separate monitor and keyboard台式电脑10)*laptopn.a small computer that you can carry around easily便携式电脑11)*rarelyadv.not often; seldom罕有；很少；不常12)*recognizev.know and identify辨认出；认识13)*superadj.excellent优秀的；极好的14)*tinyadj.very small极小的；微小的15)*programn.a set of instructions which can make a computer work程序16)*common knowledgesomething known by most people常识17)*unaware ofnot knowing about没意识到；未察觉II.重点难点1. 重点词汇 考纲词汇1) knowledge n. 知识 know (knew, known) v. 了解；知道；认识2) calculator n.计算器 calculate v. 计算3) importantly adv. 重要地 important adj. 重要的importance n. 重要性4) meaning n. 意思 mean (meant, meant) v. 意味着；意思是；表示的意思5) able adj. 能够的；有能力的 unable adj. 无能的 enable v. 使.能够 ability n. 能力；才能6) interesting adj. 有趣的 interested adj. 感兴趣的 interest n. 兴趣；趣味7) life n. 生命 lives pl.8) write v. 写 writer n. 作家 writing n. 文章；著作非考纲词汇9) unaware adj. 没意识到；未察觉 aware adj. 意识到；察觉(be) unaware of/(be) aware of 没意识到；未察觉/意识到；察觉10) probably adv. 可能地 probable adj. 可能的11) rarely adv. 罕有；很少；不常 rare adj. 罕有的2. 重点句型1) Since then computers have become smaller and smaller. 连系动词be, become, get, turn, look, feel, sound, smell, taste, seem + adj.e.g. It will get hotter this summer. The mooncake tastes too sweet. 学生易将其当行为动词，后跟副词，可尝试变为词组来识记，并配以练习反复操练。2) They are small enough to put in your pocket like a bar of chocolate. adj. /adv. + enough + n. 足够 e.g. The boy is not old enough to drive the car. We have enough time to finish our homework. 学生易将形容词和名词与enough的位置搞错，可尝试用举例或比较等方法区分。3) Other kinds of computers are so tiny that you may be unaware of them. sothat+ 否定句=tooto 如此以至于; 太不 sothat+ 肯定句=adj./adv.+ enough (for sb.) to e.g. He is so young that he cant go to school. 他不够年龄上学。 =He is too young to go to school. =He is not old enough to go to school. 学生在句型转换中易用错tooto和adj./adv. + enough (for sb.) to，提醒学生先读懂句意，再判断用何种结构。4) What kind of jobs can a computer do? 问种类用what kind of提问 e.g. What kind of films do you like to watch? 提醒学生注意what kind of 跟可数名词复数。5) It is a common knowledge that computers are super calculators. It is a common knowledge that= As we all know, 众所周知 提醒学生后跟句子，并注意单词拼写。6) However, one day computers may be able to do most things that a human brain can do and even do them better. be able to能够（有能力） 帮助学生通过举例和比较的方法区别be able to与can的用法： be able to 强调通过努力而获得的能力，而can则强调自身已具有的能力。e. g. She can sing the song in English. 她能用英语唱这首歌。He will be able to sing this song in English in a few minutes too. 几小时之后，他也能用英语唱这首歌。 be able to各种时态均有；而can只有一般现在和一般过去两种时态。e.g. I could help you last night, but you didnt come. 昨天晚上我能帮你，而你又没来。Can you see it there? 你能看见它在那儿吗？He is / was / will be able to help you. 他能帮你的忙。 can可用于表示可能性，推测，允许等情况，而be able to通常不这样用。7) For example, they may be better than doctors at doing their job. be good/poor at doing sth. 擅长/不擅长做某事 e.g. He is good at singing. She is poor at swimming. 学生易用错介词at，或不用动词-ing形式，可尝试变为词组来识记。8) What will happen if computers can do our jobs? if 引导条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时。 e.g. If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go to the park to have a picnic. 学生易用错时态，识记口诀“主将从现”，并配以练习反复操练9) Computers may change our lives, but will they make them better? make sb. /sth. + adj.比较极 使更 e.g. Lets try our best to make our city better. 学生易用错该结构，尝试通过举例和操练帮助其掌握用法。10) A DVD-ROM can hold millions of pages of writing, and can also contain pictures, videos and sounds. hundred/thousand/million前无具体数字后加s和of，前有具体数字则不加。 e.g. Hundreds of students will go abroad to further their studies. Two thousand people watched the show. 学生易多加或漏加s和of，提醒学生看清前是否有具体数字。11) For example, you can use your computer to read about a famous person from history. use sth. to do sth. = use sth. for doing sth. 用某物做某事 sth. be used to do sth. = sth. be used for doing sth. 某物被用来做某事e.g. You can use a dictionary to look up new words.= You can use a dictionary for looking up new words. A dictionary can be used to look up new words. = A dictionary can be used for looking up new words. 帮助学生通过举例和操练掌握结构间的转换，注意动词的变化。3. 语法: Comparison of adjectives/adverbs 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级1) 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则一般单音节词和双音节词，比较级在原级后面加-er，最高级在后面加-este.g. smallsmallersmallest; shortshortershortestclevercleverercleverest; narrownarrowernarrowest 以不发音e结尾的单音节词，比较在原级后加-r，最高级在原级后加-st；e.g. largelargerlargest; nicenicernicest 在重读闭音节（即：辅音元音辅音）中，先双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级加-er，最高级加-est；e.g. bigbiggerbiggest; hothotterhottest; fatfatterfattest 以“辅音字母y”结尾的双音节词， 把y改为i，比较级加-er，最高级加-est；e.g. easyeasiereasiest; heavyheavierheaviest; busybusierbusiest; happyhappierhappiest 一般多音节词，比较级在前面加more，最高级在前面加most；e.g. beautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful; differentmore differentmost different 2) 形容词、副词的比较级的用法：主要用来表示二者人或事物的比较，表示“更”的意思。“A + be +比较级 + than + B” 意思为“A比B更”。e.g. This tree is taller than that one. 这棵树比那棵树高。 “比较级 + and + 比较级”或“more and more + 原级”表示“越来越”e.g. It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes. The wind became more and more heavily. 在含有or的选择疑问句中，如果有两者供选择，前面的形容词要用比较级形式。e.g. Who is taller, Tim or Tom? “the +比较级, the+比较级”，表示“越越”。e.g. The more money you make, the more you spend. The sooner，the better. 可修饰比较级的词有a bit, a little, rather, much, far, a lot, any, still, even等。 为了避免重复，在从句中常用one, that, those等词来代替前面提过的名词。e.g. The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai.The radios made in our factory are better than those in your factory.3) 形容词、副词的最高级的用法：主要用来表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比较，表示“最”的意思。 句子中有表示范围的词或短语。如：of the three, in our class等等。e.g. He is the tallest in our class. 序数词修饰最高级。 e.g. Africa is the second largest continent.4) 形容词、副词的原级的用法 两者相比（A=B），用“as+原级+as”表示e.g. Tom is as tall as Mike. 两者相比（AB），用“not as(so) +原级+as”或“less than”表示e.g. I didnt do my homework as (so) carefully as you.The picture is less attractive than that one. 强调学生注意易错处1) 少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，要求学生熟记。e.g. good /wellbetterbest; bad/ illworseworstoldolder/elderoldest/eldest many/muchmoremost; littlelessleast far further/farther furthest/farthest2) 提醒学生避免重复使用比较级。 e.g. (错) He is more cleverer than his brother. (对) He is cleverer than his brother.3) very, quite一般只能修饰原级，不能修饰比较级。e.g. (错) The book is very nicer. (对) The book is very nice. (对) The book is nicer.4) 形容词、副词的比较级与最高级的转换： e.g. Mike is the most intelligent in his class. (错) Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.(对)Mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class.