9A-Unit-4-知识点梳理.doc

九年级第一学期牛津英语知识点梳理
Unit 4 Computers

I.词汇部分
1. 单词
考纲单词
1) screen
[skri:n]
n.
屏幕
2) depend
[di5pend]
v.
依靠；依赖
3) common
[5kCmEn]
adj.
常见的；普遍的
4) knowledge
[5nClidV]
n.
知识；学问
5) print
[print]
v.
印刷；打印
6) operate
[5CpEreit]
v.
操作；控制；使运行
7) spaceship
[5speisFip]
n.
宇宙飞船；航天器
8) order
[5R:d[(r)]
n. & v.
订购
9) length
[leNW]
n.
长度
10) seat
[si:t]
n.
座位
11) distance
[5dist[ns]
n.
距离；间距

非考纲单词
12) *recognize
[5rek[gnaiz]
v.
辨认出；认识
13) *desktop
[5desktCp]
n.
台式电脑
14) *laptop
[5lAptCp]
n.
便携式电脑
15) *palmtop
[5pB:mtCp]
n.
掌上电脑
16) *tiny
[5taini]
adj.
极小的；微小的
17) *unaware
[7Qn[5weE(r))]
adj.
没意识到；未察觉
18) *rarely
[5reEli]
adv.
罕有；很少；不常
19) *importantly
[im5pR:tntli]
adv.
重要地
20) *aeroplane
[5eErEplein]
n.
飞机
21) *meaning
[5mi:niN]
n.
意义；意思
22) *command
[kE5mB:nd]
n.
命令；指令
23) *CD-ROM
[7si:di:5rCm]
n.
只读光盘
24) *DVD-ROM
[7di:vi:di:5rCm]
n.
数字只读光盘
25) *writing
[5raitiN]
n.
文章；著作
26) *aware
[E5weE(r)]
adj.
意识到
27) *blank
[blANk]
adj.
空白的
28) *supply
[s[5plai]
n.
贮备；供应量
29) *contact
[5kCntAkt]
n.
联系人
30) *reference
[5refr[ns]
n.
编号；参考
31) *quantity
[5kwCnt[ti]
n.
数量
32) *peak
[pi:k]
n.
山顶；山峰
33) *court
[kR:t]
n.
公寓大楼

2. 词组
考纲词组
1) depend on
依靠；依赖
2) for the time being
暂时；眼下
3) so… that
如此……以至于……
4) play with
玩耍，摆弄
5) be able to
能够（有能力）
6) for example
例如
7) talk to
与……谈话
8) listen to
听……

非考纲词组
9) * (be) unaware of
没意识到；未察觉
10) *common knowledge
常识
11) *be small enough to put in your pockets
足够小放进你的口袋
12) *like a bar of chocolate
像一块巧克力
13) *operate railways
运行铁路
14) *fly areoplanes and spaceships
开飞机和飞船
15) *call them electronic brains
称它们为电脑
16) *the answer to this question
这个问题的答案
17) *create new ideas
产生新想法
18) *raise some interesting questions
提出一些有趣的问题
19) *change our lives
改变我们的生活
20) *help you recognize your voice
帮助你识别你的声音
21) *obey your commands
遵循你的指令
22) *write your letters
写你的信
23) *hold millions of pages of writing
容纳成千上万页文章
24) *read about
读到；查阅到
25) *since then
自此以后

3. 英英解释
考纲词汇
1) obey
v.
follow a command or order
服从；听从；顺从
2) operate
v.
use or control a machine
操作；控制；使运行
3) type
v.
write using a keyboard of typewriter
打字
4) realize
v.
become aware
意识到
5) raise
v.
put forward
提出
6) depend on
need
依靠；依赖
7) for the time being
for now and some time into the future;
at present
暂时；眼下

非考纲词汇
8)*command
n.
order or instruction
命令；指令
9)*desktop
n.
a full-sized computer with a separate monitor and keyboard
台式电脑
10)*laptop
n.
a small computer that you can carry around easily
便携式电脑
11)*rarely
adv.
not often; seldom
罕有；很少；不常
12)*recognize
v.
know and identify
辨认出；认识
13)*super
adj.
excellent
优秀的；极好的
14)*tiny
adj.
very small
极小的；微小的
15)*program
n.
a set of instructions which can make a computer work
程序
16)*common knowledge
something known by most people
常识
17)*unaware of
not knowing about
没意识到；未察觉

II.重点难点
1. 重点词汇
考纲词汇
1) knowledge n. 知识
à know (knew, known) v. 了解；知道；认识
2) calculator n.计算器
à calculate v. 计算
3) importantly adv. 重要地
à important adj. 重要的importance n. 重要性
4) meaning n. 意思
à mean (meant, meant) v. 意味着；意思是；表示……的意思
5) able adj. 能够的；有能力的
à unable adj. 无能的 enable v. 使......能够 ability n. 能力；才能
6) interesting adj. 有趣的
à interested adj. 感兴趣的 interest n. 兴趣；趣味
7) life n. 生命
à lives pl.
8) write v. 写
à writer n. 作家 writing n. 文章；著作

非考纲词汇
9) unaware adj. 没意识到；未察觉
à aware adj. 意识到；察觉
●(be) unaware of/(be) aware of 没意识到；未察觉/意识到；察觉
10) probably adv. 可能地
à probable adj. 可能的
11) rarely adv. 罕有；很少；不常
à rare adj. 罕有的

2. 重点句型
1) Since then computers have become smaller and smaller..
► 连系动词be, become, get, turn, look, feel, sound, smell, taste, seem… + adj.
e.g. It will get hotter this summer.
The mooncake tastes too sweet.
★ 学生易将其当行为动词，后跟副词，可尝试变为词组来识记，并配以练习反复操练。
2) They are small enough to put in your pocket like a bar of chocolate.
► adj. /adv. + enough + n. 足够
e.g. The boy is not old enough to drive the car.
We have enough time to finish our homework.
★ 学生易将形容词和名词与enough的位置搞错，可尝试用举例或比较等方法区分。
3) Other kinds of computers are so tiny that you may be unaware of them.
► so…that…+ 否定句=too…to… 如此……以至于…; 太…不…
so…that…+ 肯定句=adj./adv.+ enough (for sb.) to …
e.g. He is so young that he can’t go to school. 他不够年龄上学。
=He is too young to go to school.
=He is not old enough to go to school.
★ 学生在句型转换中易用错too…to…和adj./adv. + enough (for sb.) to…，提醒学生先读懂句意，再判断用何种结构。
4) What kind of jobs can a computer do?
► 问种类用what kind of提问
e.g. What kind of films do you like to watch?
★ 提醒学生注意what kind of 跟可数名词复数。
5) It is a common knowledge that computers are super calculators.
► It is a common knowledge that…= As we all know, 众所周知
★ 提醒学生后跟句子，并注意单词拼写。
6) However, one day computers may be able to do most things that a human brain can do and even do them better.
► be able to能够（有能力）
★ 帮助学生通过举例和比较的方法区别be able to与can的用法：
① be able to 强调通过努力而获得的能力，而can则强调自身已具有的能力。
e. g. She can sing the song in English. 她能用英语唱这首歌。
He will be able to sing this song in English in a few minutes too. 几小时之后，他也能用英语唱这首歌。
② be able to各种时态均有；而can只有一般现在和一般过去两种时态。
e.g. I could help you last night, but you didn’t come. 昨天晚上我能帮你，而你又没来。
Can you see it there? 你能看见它在那儿吗？
He is / was / will be able to help you. 他能帮你的忙。
③ can可用于表示可能性，推测，允许等情况，而be able to通常不这样用。
7) For example, they may be better than doctors at doing their job.
► be good/poor at doing sth. 擅长/不擅长做某事
e.g. He is good at singing.
She is poor at swimming.
★ 学生易用错介词at，或不用动词-ing形式，可尝试变为词组来识记。
8) What will happen if computers can do our jobs?
► if 引导条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时。
e.g. If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park to have a picnic.
★ 学生易用错时态，识记口诀“主将从现”，并配以练习反复操练
9) Computers may change our lives, but will they make them better?
► make sb. /sth. + adj.比较极 使……更……
e.g. Let’s try our best to make our city better.
★ 学生易用错该结构，尝试通过举例和操练帮助其掌握用法。
10) A DVD-ROM can hold millions of pages of writing, and can also contain pictures, videos and sounds.
► hundred/thousand/million前无具体数字后加s和of，前有具体数字则不加。
e.g. Hundreds of students will go abroad to further their studies.
Two thousand people watched the show.
★ 学生易多加或漏加s和of，提醒学生看清前是否有具体数字。
11) For example, you can use your computer to read about a famous person from history.
► use sth. to do sth. = use sth. for doing sth. 用某物做某事
sth. be used to do sth. = sth. be used for doing sth. 某物被用来做某事
e.g. You can use a dictionary to look up new words.= You can use a dictionary for looking up new words.
A dictionary can be used to look up new words. = A dictionary can be used for looking up new words.
★ 帮助学生通过举例和操练掌握结构间的转换，注意动词的变化。

3. 语法: Comparison of adjectives/adverbs 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级
1) 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则
①一般单音节词和双音节词，比较级在原级后面加-er，最高级在后面加-est
e.g. small→smaller→smallest; short→shorter→shortest
clever→cleverer→cleverest; narrow→narrower→narrowest
② 以不发音e结尾的单音节词，比较在原级后加-r，最高级在原级后加-st；
e.g. large→larger→largest; nice→nicer→nicest
③ 在重读闭音节（即：辅音＋元音＋辅音）中，先双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级加-er，最高级加-est；
e.g. big→bigger→biggest; hot→hotter→hottest; fat→fatter→fattest
④ 以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节词， 把y改为i，比较级加-er，最高级加-est；
e.g. easy→easier→easiest; heavy→heavier→heaviest;
busy→busier→busiest; happy→happier→happiest
⑤ 一般多音节词，比较级在前面加more，最高级在前面加most；
e.g. beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful; different→more different→most different

2) 形容词、副词的比较级的用法：主要用来表示二者人或事物的比较，表示“更……”的意思。
①“A + be +比较级 + than + B” 意思为“A比B更……”。
e.g. This tree is taller than that one. 这棵树比那棵树高。
②“比较级 + and + 比较级”或“more and more + 原级”表示“越来越……”
e.g. It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes.
　The wind became more and more heavily.
③ 在含有or的选择疑问句中，如果有两者供选择，前面的形容词要用比较级形式。
e.g. Who is taller, Tim or Tom?
④“the +比较级……, the+比较级”，表示“越……越……”。
e.g. The more money you make, the more you spend.
　 The sooner，the better.
⑤ 可修饰比较级的词有a bit, a little, rather, much, far, a lot, any, still, even等。
⑥ 为了避免重复，在从句中常用one, that, those等词来代替前面提过的名词。
e.g. The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai.
The radios made in our factory are better than those in your factory.

3) 形容词、副词的最高级的用法：主要用来表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比较，表示“最……”的意思。
① 句子中有表示范围的词或短语。如：of the three, in our class等等。
e.g. He is the tallest in our class.
② 序数词修饰最高级。
e.g. Africa is the second largest continent.

4) 形容词、副词的原级的用法
① 两者相比（A=B），用“as+原级+as”表示
e.g. Tom is as tall as Mike.
② 两者相比（A<B），用“not as(so) +原级+as”或“less than”表示
e.g. I didn’t do my homework as (so) carefully as you.
The picture is less attractive than that one.

★ 强调学生注意易错处
1) 少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，要求学生熟记。
e.g. good /well→better→best; bad/ ill→worse→worst
old→older/elder→oldest/eldest
many/much→more→most; little→less→least
　　far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest
2) 提醒学生避免重复使用比较级。
e.g. (错) He is more cleverer than his brother.
　　(对) He is cleverer than his brother.
3) very, quite一般只能修饰原级，不能修饰比较级。
e.g. (错) The book is very nicer.
(对) The book is very nice.
(对) The book is nicer.
4) 形容词、副词的比较级与最高级的转换：
e.g. Mike is the most intelligent in his class.
à (错) Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.
(对)Mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class.