华中师范大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解.pdf

目录2011年华中师范大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2012年华中师范大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2013年华中师范大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2014年华中师范大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2015年华中师范大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2011年华中师范大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解Part I.Grammar and Vocabulary(30)Multiple ChoiceDirections:Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1He never hesitates to make _ criticisms _ are considered helpfulto others.A.so.thatB.so.asC.such.thatD.such.as【答案】D【解析】句意：他从不会犹豫做出被认为是对别人有帮助的评论。suchas结构为固定搭配，as为关系代词，指代前文提到的criticisms，在后面的定语从句中做主语。因此，本题的正确答案为D。2The policy_ made,the next problem was how to carry it out.A.having beenB.beingC.had beenD.was【答案】A【解析】句意：政策被制定后，下一个问题是如何实施。该句包含独立主格结构，该结构中动词应使用-ing形式。根据句意可知，独立主格结构中的动作先于主句动作完成，因此使用完成时。因此，本题的正确答案为A。3During the construction of skyscrapers,cranes are used to _ buildingmaterials to the upper floors.A.tossB.towC.hoistD.hurl【答案】C【解析】句意：在建造摩天大楼的过程中，起重机是用来将建筑材料吊至上面的楼层上的。hoist吊起。toss投掷。tow牵引。hurl猛投。因此，本题的正确答案为C。4The goal is to make higher education available to everyone who is willingand capable _ his financial situation.A.with respect toB.in accordance withC.regardless ofD.in terms of【答案】C【解析】句意：目标是让每个有意愿和能力的人参与高等教育的学习，而不需要考虑他的经济状况。regardless of不管。with respect to关于。in accordance with依照。in terms of在方面。因此，本题的正确答案为C。5The _ crown jewels are kept in the Tower of London.A.valuedB.valuelessC.invaluableD.worthy【答案】C【解析】句意：那些无价的皇冠珠宝保存在伦敦塔里。invaluable无价的。valued重要的。valueless不值钱的。worthy值得的。因此，本题的正确答案为C。6Its a shame _ able to give them any advice.A.not to have beenB.to have not beenC.to have been notD.to not have been【答案】A【解析】句意：没能给他们建议，真是令人羞愧。该句使用了虚拟语气，动词不定式的否定须在不定式前加not。因此，本题的正确答案为A。7His argument does not _ up to close scrutiny.A.holdB.standC.comeD.look【答案】B【解析】句意：他的观点经不起推敲。stand up to close scrutiny意为“经得起仔细检查”，为固定搭配。因此，本题的正确答案为B。8The Space Age _ in October 1957 when the first man-made satellitewas launched by the former Soviet Union.A.initiatedB.originatedC.embarkedD.commenced【答案】D【解析】句意：1957年10月，前苏联发射的第一颗人造卫星开启了航天时代。commence开始。initiate开始，为及物动词。originate发源。embark着手做。因此，本题的正确答案为D。9The vast majority of people in any given culture will _ to establishedstandards of that culture.A.confineB.conformC.confrontD.confirm【答案】B【解析】句意：某一特定文化中的大多数人都会和该文化约定俗成的行为标准保持一致。conform使一致。confine限制。confront面对。confirm确认。因此，本题的正确答案为B。10I regret _ you that I cant go to Hangzhou for a visit next Sundaywith you,because Ive caught a bad cold.A.to tellB.tellingC.to have toldD.having told【答案】A【解析】句意：我很遗憾地告诉你，我下周末没办法跟你一起去杭州游玩了，因为我得了重感冒。regret后接不定式时表示“遗憾要做某事情”。因此，本题的正确答案为A。11In the past ten years skyscrapers have developed _ in Chicago andNew York City.A.homogeneouslyB.simultaneouslyC.spontaneouslyD.harmoniously【答案】B【解析】句意：在过去的十年里，摩天大楼在芝加哥和纽约都发展了起来。simultaneously同时地。homogeneously同样地。spontaneously自发地。harmoniously和谐地。因此，本题的正确答案为B。12Although we are still safe now,the _ danger is approaching.A.potentB.patentC.latentD.lenient【答案】C【解析】句意：虽然我们现在还安全，但是潜在的危险正逐渐接近。latent潜在的。potent有效的。patent专利的。lenient宽大的。因此，本题的正确答案为C。13When the explorer got closer to the snake,it showed its tongue to him to_.A.scareB.jeopardizeC.manipulateD.intimidate【答案】A【解析】句意：当探险家接近那条蛇的时候，蛇伸出舌头恐吓他。scare恐吓。jeopardize危害。manipulate操纵。intimidate恐吓，特指恐吓某人迫使其做某事。因此，本题的正确答案为A。14In vain _ to get in touch with the Embassy.A.they triedB.tried theyC.did they tryD.they have tried【答案】C【解析】句意：他们试图和大使馆取得联系，但却是徒劳。in vain置于句首时，句子应部分倒装，即把助动词或情态动词置于主语之前。因此，本题的正确答案为C。15By the time you receive this letter,I _ for America.A.will leaveB.have leftC.would have leftD.will have left【答案】D【解析】句意：当你收到这封信的时候，我就已经出发去美国了。根据句意可知，主句表示的是“将来某一时间点之前完成的事”，应该使用将来完成时。根据从句时态可判断情态动词用一般现在时。因此，本题的正确答案为D。16On a sudden _;Jean bought that expensive fur coat.A.motivationB.incentiveC.impetusD.impulse【答案】D【解析】句意：由于一时冲动，Jean买了那件昂贵的毛皮外套。impulse冲动。motivation动机。incentive刺激。impetus动力。因此，本题的正确答案为D。17Since I could not see anything through the microscope,_ mycareful adjustment,I gave up.A.for allB.above allC.after allD.in all【答案】A【解析】句意：尽管仔细地调整了显微镜，我还是无法通过它看到任何东西，所以我放弃了。for all尽管。above all首先。after all毕竟。in all总共。因此，本题的正确答案为A。18Stop shouting!I cant hear the football _.A.judgmentB.commentaryC.interpretationD.explanation【答案】B【解析】句意：别喊了！我听不到足球实况报道了。commentary解说，实况报道。judgment判断。interpretation翻译。explanation解释。因此，本题的正确答案为B。19An energy tax would curb ordinary air pollution,limit oil imports andcut the budget _.A.discrepancyB.dispositionC.defectD.deficit【答案】D【解析】句意：能源税可以控制普通的空气污染，限制石油进口，削减预算赤字。deficit赤字，不足额。discrepancy矛盾。disposition处置。defect缺陷。因此，本题的正确答案为D。20This book is about how these basic beliefs and values affect important_ of American life.A.facetsB.formatsC.formulasD.fashions【答案】A【解析】句意：这本书是有关这些基本信念和价值观是如何影响美国生活的重要层面的。facet方面。format格式。formula公式。fashion时尚。因此，本题的正确答案为A。Part II.Reading Comprehension(40)Section 1 Multiple Choice(30)Directions:In this section there are three passages followed by fifteenmultiple-choice questions.Read the passages and then choose the one answerthat you think is the correct to each question.Text 1Sleep is a funny thing.Were taught that we should get seven or eight hours anight,but a lot of us get by just fine on less,and some of us actually sleep toomuch.A study out of the University of Buffalo reported that people whoroutinely sleep more than eight hours a day and are still tired are nearly threetimes as likely to die of strokeprobably as a result of an underlyingdisorder that keeps them from sleeping soundly.Doctors have their own special sleep problems.Residents are famously shortof sleep.It is not unusual for them to work 40 hours in a row without rest.They are not in the least worried about it,confident they can still deliver thehighest quality of medical care.But an article in the Journal of the AmericanMedical Association points out that in the morning after 24 hours ofsleeplessness,a persons motor performance is comparable to that ofsomeone who is drunk.Curiously,surgeons who believe that operating underthe influence of alcohol is grounds for sacking often dont think twice aboutoperating without enough sleep.“I could tell you horror stories,”says Jaya Agrawal,president of theAmerican Medical Student Association,which runs a website for residents.Some are terrifying.“I was operating after being up for over 36 hours,”onewrites.“I literally fell asleep standing up and nearly planted my face into thewound.”“Practically every surgical resident I know has fallen asleep at the wheeldriving home from work,”writes another.“I know of three who have hitparked cars.Another hit a Jersey gate on the New Jersey Expressway,going105km/h.”“Your own patients have become the enemy,”writes a third,because they are“the one thing that stands between you and a few hours ofsleep.”Agrawals organization is supporting the Patient and Physician Safety andProtection Act of 2001,introduced last November by Representative JohnConyers Jr.of Michigan.Its key provisions,modeled on New York Statesregulations,include an 80-hour workweek and a 24-hour work-shift limit.Most doctors,however,resist such interference.Dr.Charles Binkley,a seniorsurgery resident at the University of Michigan,agrees that something needsto be done but believes“doctors should be bound by their conscience,not bythe government.”The U.S.controls the hours of pilots and truck drivers.But until such asystem is in place for doctors,patients are on their own.If youre wordedabout the people treating you or a loved one,you should feel free to ask howmany hours of sleep they have had and if more rested staffers are available.Doctors,for their part,have to give up their pose of infallibility and get therest they need.1We can learn from the first paragraph that _.A.people who sleep less than 8 hours a day are more prone to illnessB.poor sleep quality may be a sign of physical disorderC.stroke is often associated with sleepD.too much sleep can be as harmful as lack of sleep2Speaking of the sleep problems doctors face,the author implies that_.A.doctors often need little sleep to keep them energeticB.doctors sleep is deprived by residentsC.doctors tend to neglect their own sleep problemsD.sleep-deprived doctors are intoxicated3Paragraph 3 and 4 are written to _.A.entertain the audience with some anecdotesB.discuss the cause of doctors sleep problemsC.show the hostility doctors harbor against their patientsD.exemplify the danger doctors face caused by lack of sleep4By“doctors should be bound by their conscience,not by the government”(paragraph 5),Dr.Charles Binkley means that _.A.doctors should not abide by governments regulationsB.the government is interfering too muchC.the regulations about workweek and work shift are too specificD.law cannot force a doctor to sleep while his conscience can5To which of the following is the author likely to agree?A.Patients should control the hours of their doctors.B.Pilots and truck drivers work in safer environments than that of doctors.C.Patients are facing more risks if their doctors are not adequately-rested.D.People concerned have the right to remove their doctors from theirpositions.【答案与解析】1B 文章第一段结尾提到一项研究结果表明“people who routinely sleepmore than eight hours a day and are still tired are nearly three times as likelyto die of strokeprobably as a result of an underlying disorder that keepsthem from sleeping soundly.”。由此可知，人们睡得不香有可能是由潜在的身体不适引起的，即预示着身体不适。故选B。2C 文章第二段提到医生经常睡眠短缺，但是“They are not in the leastworried about it,confident they can still deliver the highest quality of medicalcare.”。由此可知，医生们经常不担心睡眠短缺的问题，即忽视了自身的睡眠问题。故选C。3D 文章第三、第四段列举了一些由于医生睡眠短缺而出问题的例子：在手术台上睡着、开车超速、撞车等。由此可知，医生睡眠短缺也会带来严重的问题，这些例子即证明了这一点。故选D。4B 文章第五段提到Agrawal的组织支持的2001年病人与医生安全保护规定中包括每周80小时的工作时间与24小时的轮班限制。但大多数医生反对这种“干涉”。由此可推断，医生们不愿意让政府干涉过多。故选B。5C 文章第二段提到“in the morning after 24 hours of sleeplessness,apersons motor performance is comparable to that of someone who isdrunk.”，而外科医生相信在酒精影响下做手术会使他们被解雇。第三段提到了医生在手术台上站着睡着、差点一头扎进病人伤口的例子。最后一段提到“Doctors,for their part,have to give up their pose of infallibilityand get the rest they need.”。由此可推断，若医生睡眠不足，病人也会遭受严重风险。故选C。Text 2Charlie Bell became chief executive of McDonalds in April.Within a monthdoctors told him that he had colorectal cancer.After stock market hours onNovember 22nd,the fast-food firm said he had resigned;it would need athird boss in under a year.Yet when the market opened,its share price barelydipped then edged higher.After all,McDonalds had,again,shown how toact swiftly and decisively in appointing a new boss.Mr.Bell himself got the top job when Jim Cantalupo died of a heart attackhours before he was due to address a convention of McDonalds franchisees.Mr.Cantalupo was a McDonalds veteran brought out of retirement inJanuary 2003 to help remodel the firm after sales began falling because ofdirty restaurants,indifferent service and growing concern about junk food.He devised a recovery plan,backed by massive marketing,and promoted Mr.Bell to chief operating officer.When Mr.Cantalupo died,a rapidly convenedboard confirmed Mr.Bell,a 44-year-old Australian already widely seen ashis heir apparent,in the top job.The convention got its promised chiefexecutives address,from the firms first non-American leader.Yet within weeks executives had to think about what to do if Mr.Bellbecame too ill to continue.Perhaps Mr.Bell had the same thing on his mind:he usually introduced Jim Skinner,the 60-year-old vice-chairman,to visitorsas the“steady hand at the wheel”.Now Mr.Skinner,an expert on the firmsoverseas operations,becomes chief executive,and Mike Roberts,head of itsAmerican operations,joins the board as chief operating officer.Is Mr.Roberts now the new heir apparent?Maybe McDonalds has broughtin supposedly healthier choices such as salads and toasted sandwichesworldwide and,instead of relying for most of its growth on opening newrestaurants,has turned to upgrading its 31,000 existing ones.America hasdone best at this;under Mr.Roberts,like-for-like sales there were up by 7.5%in October on a year earlier.The new teams task is to keep the revitalization plan on course,especiallyoverseas,where some American brands are said to face political hostilityfrom consumers.This is a big challenge.Is an in-house succession the bestway to tackle it?Mr.Skinner and Mr.Roberts are both company veterans,having joined in the 1970s.Some recent academic studies find that theplanned succession of a new boss from within,such as Mr.Bell and now(arguably)Mr.Roberts,produces better results than looking hastily,oroutside,for one.McDonalds smooth handling of its serial misfortunes at thetop certainly seems to prove the point.Even so,everyone at McDonaldsmust be hoping that it will be a long time before the firm faces yet anothersuch emergency.6The main reason for the constant change at the top of McDonald is_.A.the boards interferenceB.the falling salesC.the health problems of the chief executivesD.the constant change of its share price7Which of the following was NOT a cause of the falling sales ofMcDonald?A.The change of the chief executiveB.Peoples concern about junk foodC.Dirty restaurantD.Indifferent service8The phrase“heir apparent”(Paragraph 2)in the article most probablymeans _.A.someone who has the same ideas,aims and style with a personB.someone who has the unalienable right to receive the family titleC.someone who is appointed as a heir of a personD.someone who is likely to take over a persons position when that personleaves9In terms of succession at the top,McDonaldsA.has had to made rather hasty decisionsB.prefers to appoint a new boss from withinC.acts in a quick and unreasonable wayD.surprises all the people with its decisions10Toward McDonalds reaction to emergencies at the top,the writersattitude can be said to be _.A.indifferentB.doubtfulC.objectiveD.praiseful【答案与解析】6C 文章第一段提到Charlie Bell在当上麦当劳首席执行官后的一个月内便被查出患有直肠癌，选择了退休；第二段提到他上任的原因是前任老将Jim Cantalupo因心脏病突发而去世。由此可知，麦当劳频繁换高层人员的原因是因为首席执行官们的身体健康问题。故选C。7A 根据题干关键词“falling sales”定位至文章第二段。该段提到Cantalupo先生在麦当劳营业额下降后，帮助了麦当劳的改型。而使营业额下降的原因有“dirty restaurants,indifferent service and growing concernabout junk food”，不包括“首席执行官的更换”。故选A。8D 文章第二段提到“When Mr.Cantalupo died,a rapidly convenedboard confirmed Mr.Bell,a 44-year-old Australian already widely seen ashis heir apparent,in the top job.”。Cantalupo先生本是麦当劳的高层，当他去世之后，Bell先生很快便被任命为高层，而在这之前他已经被普遍认为是一个“heir apparent”。由此可推测，“heir apparent”指的是继任者。故选D。9B 文中提到，在Cantalupo先生去世后，本是连锁经营加盟人的Charlie Bell成了新一任首席执行官；而在Bell被查出患有直肠癌不得不退休后，他推荐的是作为副主席的Jim Skinner和作为美国地区运营领导的Mike Roberts来继任新高管。由此可知，麦当劳偏向在内部选拔新老板。故选B。10C 纵观全文，本文介绍的都是关于麦当劳在面对高层的突发事件所做反应的客观事实，没有掺杂任何作者个人的观点。因此作者是在以一种客观的角度来介绍主题。故选C。Text 3The right to pursue happiness is issued to Americans with their birthcertificates,but no one seems quite sure which way it ran.It may be we areissued a hunting license but offered no game.Jonathan Swift seemed to thinkso when he attacked the idea of happiness as“the possession of being well-deceived”,the felicity of being“a fool among knaves”.For Swift saw societyas Vanity Fair,the land of false goals.It is,of course,un-American to think in terms of fools and knaves.We do,however,seem to be dedicated to the idea of buying our way to happiness.We shall all have made it t