国际关系学院211翻译硕士英语[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解.pdf

目录2011年国际关系学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2012年国际关系学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2013年国际关系学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2014年国际关系学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2016年国际关系学院211翻译硕士英语（A卷）考研真题及详解2011年国际关系学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解一、词语解释题（每题1.5分，总共15分）Directions:Explain the following words,abbreviations or terminology inyour own words(in English only,please).1NGO【答案】NGO is the abbreviation of Non-Governmental Organization.It isan organization that is not part of the local or state or federal government.【解析】NGO是“Non-Governmental Organization”的缩写，意思是“非政府组织”，即除政府之外的其他社会公共组织。2vegetable man【答案】Vegetable man are unable to move,think,or speak,and theircondition is not likely to improve.【解析】植物人指大脑已经完全或大半失去功能，亦即已经失去意识，但尚存活的人。虽然植物人仍旧有心跳，且通常犹有反射动作（意即其脑干依旧存活且能发挥功能），但是植物人的生命延续通常必需他人的照护，进食等行为都得由他人协助才能完成。3plastic art【答案】Plastic arts are art forms which involve physical manipulation of aplastic medium by moulding or modeling such as sculpture or ceramics.Theterm has also been applied more broadly to all the visual arts(such aspainting,sculpture,film and photography).【解析】造型艺术是艺术形态之一。指以一定物质材料（如绘画用颜料、纸、木板等，雕塑、工艺用木、石、金属等，建筑用多种建筑材料等）和手段创造的可视静态空间形象的艺术。4a Casanova【答案】A Casanova is any man noted for his amorous adventures.【解析】“Casanova”指的是卡萨诺瓦式人物（意大利浪荡公子），即花花公子。5Certified Public Accountant【答案】A Certified Public Accountant is someone who has received acertificate stating that he or she is qualified to work as an accountant within aparticular state.【解析】注册会计师，是指取得注册会计师证书并在会计师事务所执业的人员，英文全称“Certified Public Accountant”，简称为CPA。6to mortgage a house【答案】If you mortgage a house,you use it as a guarantee to a company inorder to borrow money from them.【解析】“mortgage a house”指的是将房屋抵押给银行，以此获得贷款。7Linux【答案】Linux is a free and open-source version of the UNIX operatingsystem.【解析】Linux操作系统是基于UNIX操作系统发展而来的一种克隆系统，可免费使用和自由传播。8an Apple of Discord【答案】An Apple of Discord is used to signify the core of an argument,ora small matter that could lead to a bigger dispute.【解析】“an Apple of Discord”直译为“纠纷的苹果”，出自荷马史诗Iliad中的希腊神话故事，引申为争斗的来源。传说厄里斯（Eris）没有收到宙斯的邀请而十分生气，她在筵席上放了一个金苹果，上面镌刻着“属于最美者”几个字。天后赫拉（Hera），智慧女神雅典娜（Athena）、爱与美之神阿芙罗狄蒂（Aphrodite），都自以为最美，应得金苹果，获得“最美者”称号。三人的争执引发了一系列灾难，也导致了特洛伊战争的爆发。9decimal numbers【答案】The decimal system is a 10-based digital system.【解析】“decimal system”为十进制，是以10为基础的数字系统。10Big Brother【答案】Big Brother refers to a person,government,or organization whichhas complete control over people and is always checking what they do.【解析】“老大哥”指的是一个完全监视与控制着人们的人、政府或组织。二、词汇语法题（每题0.5分，总共l0分）Directions:For each question in this section.please select the best answerfrom among the choices given.1The stereotypical image of masculinity assumes that weeping is _“unmanly”behavior,and not simply a human reaction which may be_ by either sex.A.inexplicably.repentedB.excessively.discernedC.essentially.definedD.inherently.adoptedE.intentionally.exaggerated【答案】D【解析】句意：男子气概的刻板印象人为哭泣是一种本质上“不男人”的行为，而不仅仅是一种无论何种性别都可以采用的人类反应。“inexplicably”说不清的。“repent”悔悟。2There are too many _ and not enough serious workers.A.sycophantsB.kleptomaniacsC.novicesD.dilettantesE.zealots【答案】D【解析】根据句意可知，空白处应该与“serious workers”意思相反。“dilettante”业余爱好者。“sycophant”谄媚者。“kleptomaniac”有窃盗癖的人。“novice”初学者。“zealot”狂热者。3If you come to the conference table with such an _ attitude,wecannot expect to reach any harmonious agreement.A.exemplaryB.iridescentC.indolentD.obdurateE.unwonted【答案】D【解析】根据后半句“harmonious”可知，空格处应该是一个贬义词，而且意思与之相反。“obdurate”顽固的。“exemplary”典范的。“iridescent”彩虹色的。“indolent”懒惰的。“unwonted”不习惯的。4The good nights sleep had _ effect on the weary climber,whowoke refreshed and eager to resume the ascent.A.an innocuousB.a tonicC.a minorD.an enervatingE.a detrimental【答案】B【解析】“tonic”滋补的；使精神振作的。“innocuous”无害的。“enervating”使人衰弱的。“detrimental”不利的。5She is an interesting _,an infinitely shy person who,in apparentcontradiction,possesses an enormously intuitive _ for understandingpeople.A.aberration.disdainB.caricature.talentC.specimen.loathingD.phenomenon.disinclinationE.paradox.gift【答案】E【解析】句意：她是个有趣的矛盾体，一个十分害羞的人却有一种能够凭直觉理解他人的强大天赋。“have a gift/talent for”对有天赋。“aberration”失常。“caricature”讽刺画。“specimen”样品。“disdain”蔑视。6Although its publicity has been _,the film itself is intelligent,well-acted,handsomely produced,and altogether _.A.tasteless.respectableB.extensive.moderateC.sophisticated.amateurD.risqu.crudeE.perfect.spectacular【答案】A【解析】第一个空格处应该与“intelligent,well-acted,handsomely”意思相反，而第二个空格处应与这几个词意思相近，因此A项符合题意。7Conservative historians who represent a traditional accounted as _because of its age may be guilty of taking on trust what they should have_ in a conscientious fashion.A.ancient.establishedB.false.reiteratedC.mythical.fabricatedD.accurate.examinedE.suspicious.challenged【答案】D【解析】句意：那些仅仅因为其年代久远,而将历史传说描述成可靠准确的保守历史学家应该为他们的这种做法感到羞愧，他们本应该采取认真谨慎的态度来探究它们。“reiterate”重申。根据“guilty”和“shouldhave”可知，这些科学家们原本应该仔细检查，因此D项正确。8Maggie is a procrastinator,naturally inclined to _ and to _discussions.A.meddle.scoff atB.temporize.prolongC.misbehave.disruptD.sneer.terminateE.withdraw.intrude in【答案】B【解析】根据and可知，两个单词应该意思相近。“meddle”管闲事。“scoff at”嘲笑。“temporize”拖延。“procrastinator”拖延者。B项两个单词都有“延长”的意思，因此B项正确。9Opponents of the research institute label it _ anachronism;itsscholars,they allege,have _ rivaling those of pre-Revolutionary Frenchnobility.A.an elitist.perquisitesB.a monarchical.tribulationsC.an irreproachable.luxuriesD.a reprehensible.afflictionsE.a commendable.privileges【答案】A【解析】句意：这所研究所的对手给它贴上了精英的错误时代标签,他们宣称,这家研究所的学者领取的额外津贴相当于那些革命前的法国贵族。“anachronism”时代错误。“perquisite”额外补贴。“irreproachable”无可指责的。“reprehensible”应斥责的。“commendable”值得赞美的。根据句意可知，这所研究所的对手在讽刺其额外津贴太多。10Since establishing the Childrens Defense Fund in 1973,Marian WrightEdelman has been an _ advocate,steadfast and constant.A.unwittingB.unswervingC.inhibitingD.elusiveE.antagonistic【答案】B【解析】空白处单词应该与“steadfast and constant”意思相近，因此B项“坚定不移的”符合题意。“unwitting”不知情的。“unswerving”坚定的。“inhibiting”约束的。“elusive”易忘的。“antagonistic”敌对的。11The bearded dragon lizard is a voracious eater,so _ that it willconsume as many insects as possible.A.abstemiousB.cannibalisticC.slovenlyD.insatiableE.unpalatable【答案】D【解析】根据句意可知，空白处单词应与“voracious”意思相近，因此D项正确。“voracious”贪吃的。“insatiable”贪得无厌的。“abstemious”节约的。“cannibalistic”同类相食的。“slovenly”懒散的。“unpalatable”味道差的。12As one would expect,the reclusive poet _ public appearancesand invasions of privacy.A.rewardedB.endorsedC.neglectedD.invitedE.detested【答案】E【解析】句意：正如人们所期望的那样，隐居诗人十分厌恶公开露面和被侵犯隐私。“reclusive”隐居的。“endorse”认可。空格处表示“隐居诗人”对“公众场合的亮相和个人隐私被侵犯”做的动作，因此E项正确。13Only recently created,this orchid is a _,a plant produced bydeliberately crossbreeding two different varieties of flowers.A.misnomerB.hybridC.vectorD.curativeE.precursor【答案】B【解析】根据“crossbreeding”可知，这种兰花是杂交所得，因此B项正确。“hybrid”杂种。“misnomer”用词不当。“vector”矢量。“curative”药品。“precursor”先驱。14Physical exercise often has a _ effect,releasing emotionaltension and refreshing the spirit.A.pejorativeB.debilitatingC.catharticD.retentiveE.tenacious【答案】C【解析】根据后面“释放情感压力”与“使人精神振奋”，空格处单词应该是有宣泄意思的形容词。“cathartic”通便的；精神宣泄的。“pejorative”轻蔑的。“debilitating”使衰弱的。“retentive”记性好的。“tenacious”顽强的。15The judges for the chili competition were _,noting subtledifferences between dished that most people would not detect.A.obscureB.deferentialC.discriminatingD.sanctimoniousE.unrelenting【答案】C【解析】句意：麻辣比赛的评委是有识别能力的，能发现别人不能发现的菜肴之间的细微差别。“discriminating”有识别力的。“deferential”恭敬的。“sanctimonious”假装虔诚的。“unrelenting”无情的；不屈不挠的。16Named in honor of the schools founder,the Richard BrownstoneCommunity Service Fellowship is one of the highest awards _Brownstone School graduates.A.conscripted toB.redeemed forC.conferred onD.relegated toE.deprived of【答案】C【解析】句意：为了纪念学校的创始人，理查德布朗斯通社区服务奖学金是授予布朗斯通学校毕业生最高的奖学金之一。“confer on”授给。“conscript”征召。“redeem for”为弥补。“relegate to”委托给。“deprive of”剥夺。17After several months of training,the _ young spaniel was finally_ enough to be walked safely without a leash.A.eager.unrulyB.placid.defiantC.clever.helpfulD.boisterous.docileE.vigilant.convinced【答案】D【解析】句意：经过几个月的训练，性格暴躁的西班牙猎狗终于十分温顺，可以不系皮带安全地遛弯。根据“finally”可知，两个空白处单词意思应该相反，而且第一个应该带有贬义。“boisterous”狂暴的。“docile”温顺的。“placid”平静的。“defiant”挑衅的。“vigilant”警惕的。18Folk painter Grandma Mose has become such an enduring icon thatmany consider her _ of America.A.an innovatorB.an emblemC.a successorD.a detractorE.a lobbyist【答案】B【解析】句意：民间画家莫斯已经成为一个经久不衰的偶像，许多人认为她是美国的象征。“emblem”象征。“detractor”贬低者。“lobbyist”说客。根据“an enduring icon”可知B项正确。19The intern was almost too _;he felt the suffering of his patientsas if it were his own.A.candidB.disarmingC.empatheticD.insightfulE.hysterical【答案】C【解析】句意：那个实习生几乎太感性了，他觉得病人的痛苦好像是他自己的痛苦。“empathetic”同感的。“candid”公正的。“disarming”使解除警戒心的。“hysterical”歇斯底里的。20The few female physicians practicing at the end of the nineteenthcentury might be considered _,because they constituted a very smallpercentage of all physicians.A.miscreantsB.revisionistsC.anomaliesD.pacifistsE.extremists【答案】C【解析】句意：19世纪末的少数女内科医生被认为是特殊的，因为她们只占所有内科医生中很少的一部分。因为是少数一部分人，也就是不与大众相同，所以选择C。“anomaly”反常事物。“miscreant”异端；异教徒。“revisionist”修正主义者。“pacifist”和平主义者。三、阅读理解（每题1.25分，总共15分）Direction:In this section there are two passages followed by questions orunfinished statements,each with five suggested answers marked A,B,C,D,and E.Choose the one that you think is the best answer.Questions 1-12 are based on the following passages.Is a persons gender an important influence on how he or she behaves withothers?Contemporary sociologists and other scholars have argued thisquestion fiercely.The following pair of passages presents two contrastingvoices from that debate.Passage 11 The desire to affirm that women and men are completely equal has madesome scholars reluctant to show ways in which they are different,becausedifferences between two groups of people have so often been used to“justify”unequal treatment and opportunity.Much as I understand and am insympathy with those who wish there were no differences between womenand men only reparable social injustice-my research on styles of conversationtells me that,at least in this area,it simply isnt so.I believe that there aregender differences in ways of speaking,and we need to identify andunderstand them.Without such understanding,we are doomed to blameothers or ourselves-or our own relationships-for the otherwise mystifying anddamaging effects of our contrasting conversational styles.2 It is clear to me that recognizing gender differences in conversationalstyles would free individuals from the burden of an inappropriate sense ofbeing at fault for chronic disagreements.Many women and men feeldissatisfied with their close relationships-with spouses,siblings,parents-andbecome even more frustrated when they try to talk things out.Taking asociolinguistic approach to such troubling encounters makes it possible toexplain these dissatisfactions without accusing anyone of being wrong andwithout blaming-or discarding-the relationship.3 The sociolinguistic approach I take in my work is based on my belief thatmany frictions arise because,here in the United States,boys and girls growup in what are essentially different cultures,so that talk between women andmen is actually cross-cultural communication.For little boys,talk is primarilya means of making statement of achievement through games like braggingcontests.This may also be done by exhibiting knowledge or skill and byholding center stage through such verbal performance as storytelling,joking,or imparting information.Little girls appear to be eager to share and compareinterests and ideas.Emphasis is placed on displaying similarities andmatching experiences.For them,the language of conversation is primarily alanguage of rapport:a way of establishing connection,and negotiatingrelationships.So this view of childrens behavior predicts that more womenthan men will be comfortable speaking one-on-one,to individuals.And evenwhen addressing an audience,women may be 45 more concerned than menwith establishing rapport.Passage 21 Gender stereotypes should concern us for several reasons.First,they maydictate what we notice and bias our perceptions in the direction ofexpectation.Some researchers attempt to elucidate gender differences inorder to help women and men understand and respond to one another better.In the process,however,their work encourages people to notice and attend todifferences rather than similarities,to perceive men and women inaccordance with stereotypes that may not accurately depict their behavior orintentions.Second,gender stereotypes may not only describe behavior butalso prescribe it,dictating how men and women“should”behave.Peoplebegin to act in ways that support other peoples gender-role expectations ofthem.2 It is time to rethink our understanding of gender,to move away from thenotion that men and women have two contrasting styles of interaction thatwere acquired in childhood.We need to move from a conceptualization ofgender as an attribute or style of behavior to an understanding of gender assomething people do in social interaction.As a noted scholar proposes,“None of us is feminine or is masculine or fails to be either of those.Inparticular contexts people do feminine,in others,they do masculine.”Peopledisplay contradictory behaviors as they encounter different social norms andpressures.3 Some researchers view male-female conversations as cross-culturalcommunication.The two-cultures approach postulates that difficulties incommunication between men and women arise because of a clash ofconversational styles.But this approach has a number of limitations.First,thecoherence of male and female subcultures in childhood has been exaggerated.We arrive at a contrasting picture of the cultures of boys and girls only bysingling out those children who fit common gender stereotypes andmarginalizing others.We fail to notice the children who do not fit thosestereotypes-for example,boys who excel at caring for younger siblings orgirls who enjoy building things in shop class.Second,although children maychoose same sex playmates as preferred partners,they interact daily insideand outside school with the opposite sex.Children have countlessexperiences communicating with people of both sexes:they do not learn tocommunicate in gender-segregated worlds.They learn to display differentstyles of interaction in different contexts:they do not learn a single gender-related style.The same child may display dominance and give orders to ayounger playmate but show deference and follow orders from an older friend.1The two passages differ most on which topic?A.Whether boys and girls communicate in gender specific patternsB.Whether important social behavior is learned in childhoodC.Whether adult conversational styles can be studied systematicallyD.Whether gender prays a role in determining a childs playtime activitiesE.Whether society concerns itself with the concept of gender roles2The primary purpose of Passage 1 is to _.A.present a historical overview of a controversyB.acknowledge previous errors in thinkingC.urge changes in organized activities provided for childrenD.assert the value of a particular approach to an issueE.downplay the significance of a recent discovery3Passage 1 makes which suggestion about the work of“some scholars”(Paragraph 1)?A.It