名词性从句让步状语从句市公开课一等奖百校联赛获奖课件.pptx

第1页RelatedConception(相关概念相关概念)1.名词名词:表示人或事物名称词叫名词。表示人或事物名称词叫名词。2.名词在句子当中普通能够作什么成份名词在句子当中普通能够作什么成份?名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。同位语。TheboyisliMing.主语表语Mr.Liang,a24-year-oldboy,teachesusEnglish.主语同位语宾语第2页在英语句子结构中，原来该由名词充当主语、宾语、在英语句子结构中，原来该由名词充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫名这个句子就叫名词性从句。词性从句。什么是名词性从句什么是名词性从句?名词性从句名词性从句主语从句主语从句(The Subject Clause)宾语从句宾语从句 (The Object Clause)表语从句表语从句 (The Predicative Clause)同位语从句同位语从句 (The Appositive Clause)第3页请判断出以下句子属于哪种从句请判断出以下句子属于哪种从句What I want to do is taking a bath.The news that they won the game spread the whole school.I dont think he is an honest boy.The fact is that he stole the car.Do you know the fact that he stole the car?Do you know the man who is standing over there?It is said that they won the game.(主从主从)(同位语从句同位语从句)(宾从宾从)(表从表从)(同位语从句同位语从句)(定从定从)(主从主从)第4页主语从句主语从句在句中充当主语从句叫做主语从句。在句中充当主语从句叫做主语从句。他星期三来这里是必定。他星期三来这里是必定。That he will come here on Wednesday is certain.注意：从句作主语时，就算是句子意思完整，注意：从句作主语时，就算是句子意思完整，都要加上隶属连词都要加上隶属连词thatthat他星期三是否来这里还不愿定。Whether he will come here on Wednesday is not certain.注意：主语从句表示注意：主语从句表示“是否是否”只用只用“whether”“whether”而不用而不用“if”“if”第5页主语从句主语从句主语从句有时用主语从句有时用“it”作形式主语，把真正主作形式主语，把真正主语放在后面，以防止头重脚轻。语放在后面，以防止头重脚轻。It is known to us that he will come here.第6页It+be+形容词形容词 that从句从句It is necessary that 有必要有必要It is important that.主要是主要是It is obvious that 很显著很显著It+be+-ed分词分词 that从句从句It is believed that 人们相信人们相信It is known to us/all that.众所周知众所周知It has been decided that 已经决定已经决定用用it形式主语形式主语that从句有以下四种不从句有以下四种不一样搭配：一样搭配：第7页It+be+名词名词 that从句从句It is common knowledge that 是常识是常识It is a surprise that.令人惊奇是令人惊奇是It is a fact that 事实是事实是It+不及物动词不及物动词 that从句从句It appears that 似乎似乎It happens that.恰巧恰巧It occurred to me that 我突然想起我突然想起第8页表语从句表语从句在句中充当表语从句在句中充当表语从句(即放在即放在be,look,seem,remain,appear等动词后面等动词后面)叫做表语从句。叫做表语从句。我们目标是他能认识到错误。我们目标是他能认识到错误。Our purpose is that he can realize his faults.注意：引导表语从句连接词普通不省略。注意：引导表语从句连接词普通不省略。问题是它是否值得做。问题是它是否值得做。The question is whether it is worth doing.注意：表语从句表示注意：表语从句表示“是否是否”只用只用“whether”“whether”而不用而不用“if”“if”第9页试区分以下句子试区分以下句子Is this museum what you visited?Is this the museum that you visited?Is this museum the one that you visited?注意：这种句子考试时一定要记住这句话：名注意：这种句子考试时一定要记住这句话：名词前（尤其是单数可数名词前）一定要有限定词前（尤其是单数可数名词前）一定要有限定词。然后把句子变换成陈说句，接着判断句子词。然后把句子变换成陈说句，接着判断句子是属于哪种从句再完成。是属于哪种从句再完成。(表从表从)(定从定从)(定从定从)第10页宾语从句宾语从句在句中充当及物动词或介词宾语句子叫做宾在句中充当及物动词或介词宾语句子叫做宾语从句。语从句。我不知道你会来这里。我不知道你会来这里。I dont know（that）you will come here.注意：注意：thatthat在从句中不充当任何成份，在口语在从句中不充当任何成份，在口语或非正式文体中经常被省去。或非正式文体中经常被省去。第11页我不知道他来不来。我不知道他来不来。我想知道他来还是不来。我想知道他来还是不来。你们是在谈论着他来还是不来吗？你们是在谈论着他来还是不来吗？他不在意天气是否好。他不在意天气是否好。I dont know whether/if he will come.I want to know whether he will come or not.Are you talking about whether he will come?He doesnt care if it isnt a fine day.注意：在宾语从句中，表示注意：在宾语从句中，表示“是否是否”既能够用既能够用whether,whether,也能够用也能够用if.if.不过，不过，whetherwhether常与常与or or notnot连用；作介词宾语只用连用；作介词宾语只用whether;whether;从句是否从句是否定句时普通用定句时普通用ifif。第12页宾语从句中否定转移宾语从句中否定转移我认为他不会来这里我认为他不会来这里I think he wont come here.()I dont think he will come here.()注意：假如宾语从句是由注意：假如宾语从句是由think,believe,think,believe,imagine,supposeimagine,suppose等词引导时候，要将从句中等词引导时候，要将从句中否定形式转移到主句中去。否定形式转移到主句中去。第13页宾语从句中用宾语从句中用it作形式宾语作形式宾语We think it our duty that we should help others.I find it impossible that he should finish the work in two days.注意：假如主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足注意：假如主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足语时，普通用语时，普通用itit来作形式宾语，把从句放在宾来作形式宾语，把从句放在宾补后面。补后面。第14页同位语从句同位语从句在句中用作同位语从句叫做同位语从句。同在句中用作同位语从句叫做同位语从句。同位语从句普通放在如位语从句普通放在如idea,news,fact,promise,suggestion,belief,truth等含有丰等含有丰富内涵词语后面，富内涵词语后面，用来说明前面那个词详细用来说明前面那个词详细内容内容。普通说来，同位语从句都用。普通说来，同位语从句都用that来作来作连接词，而且不能省略连接词，而且不能省略。也可用。也可用how,when,where等。等。他给了她一个承诺，他会在两个月后回来。他给了她一个承诺，他会在两个月后回来。He gave her a promise that he would come back after two months.第15页试区分以下句子试区分以下句子Do you know the fact that he stole the car?Do you know the fact that they were talking about?注意：注意：1.1.假如是定语从句，它从句必定是不假如是定语从句，它从句必定是不完整，关系词必定在句中充当成份；而同位语完整，关系词必定在句中充当成份；而同位语从句中从句中thatthat只起连接作用。只起连接作用。2.2.定语从句是对先行词起修饰作用，定语从句是对先行词起修饰作用，而同位语从句则解释说明先行词详细内容。而同位语从句则解释说明先行词详细内容。(同从同从)(定从定从)第16页 主语从句thatwhetherwhowhomwhosewhatwhichwhenwherewhyhow从 句引导词:1.That he knows Japanese is known to all.他懂日语,这一点大家都知道令我诧异是在这儿见到他.3.When he will come is unknown.4.Whether he is coming doesnt matter much.他来不来没什么要紧他什么时候来不清楚.他们是怎么登上山顶仍是个秘密.5.It remains a secret how they climbed up the mountain.主语从句位置 1.在句首 2.主语较长时通常放在后面,句首主语用 It 主语太长了!放到句尾That无词义无词义,不可省略不可省略What“什么”,“所.”2.What surprised me was to see him here.When“什么时候”主语从句主语从句不用不用if位于句首位于句首第17页what在从句中表示“什么”或“所”returnWhat he will do next is unknown.what 表示疑问“什么”比如：他下一步做什么我们不清楚。1.在那儿所看到(事物)是无法描述。2.我们怎么处理这些书与你无关。3.她会给我们带些什么食物来还不清楚。4.明天会发生什么事还是个谜。5.她所买只是一些蔬菜。What was seen there is beyond description.What we will do with the books has nothing to do with you.What food she will bring to us is not clear.What will happen tomorrow is still a mystery.What she has bought are only some vegetables.what只用于名词性从句中第18页Return when,where,why,how,who,whom,whose分别表示什么时候、什么地方、为何、怎么、谁（主格/宾格）、谁When we will have a meeting is unknown.Where we will have a meeting is unknown.Why we should have a meeting is unknown.1.我们什么时候开会不清楚。2.我们在什么地方开会不清楚。3.我们为何要开会不清楚。4.他们是怎么发觉那个秘密令大家很感兴趣。5.谁来当他们班主任还没有决定How they discovered that secret interested everyone.Who will be their class teacher has not been decided.Where did they go last week is of no importance.()错凡是从句都必须用陈说语序went第19页whether从句作主语时不能用 ifReturn1.我们是否要重新做这个试验还没有决定。2.这本书是否林先生写这一点很主要。3.他们是否能按时抵达要看天气。4.她是否能考上大学要看她是否努力。Whether we should do the experiment again has not been decided.Whether the book was written by Mr.Lin is very important.Whether they can arrive in time depends on the weather.Whether she can pass the college entrance examination depends on whether she will work hard.Whether that she can come or not doesnt matter.()错一个从句只能有一个引导词第20页让步状语从句专讲让步状语从句专讲第21页让让步步状状语语从从句句通通惯惯用用though,although,nomatter,evenif,if,eventhough,however,whatever等引发。等引发。让让步步状状语语从从句句能能够够前前置置，也也能能够够后后置置；前前置置时时强强调调主主句句内内容容，后后置时强调从句内容。有时也能够采取中位（插入句中）。置时强调从句内容。有时也能够采取中位（插入句中）。1 1althoughalthough和和和和thoughthough引导让步状语从句：引导让步状语从句：引导让步状语从句：引导让步状语从句：两个词同义，普通情况下能够交换使用，如：两个词同义，普通情况下能够交换使用，如：Hedidntlightthefirethough/althoughitwascold.although比比though较较正正式式，语语气气较较重重，惯惯用用于于强强调调让让步步概概念念，如：如：HeinsistedondoingitalthoughIwarnedhimnotto.though能够和能够和even连用，但连用，但although不能够，如：不能够，如：Although(Even though)the traffic held us up,we got to theairportontime.当当让让步步状状语语从从句句是是指指一一个个假假设设情情况况，不不指指事事实实时时，通通惯惯用用though，而不用，而不用although，如：，如：Hewillneverdosuchathingthoughhe(should)beforcedto.Though all the world were against me,I shall still hold to myopinion.though能能够够在在非非正正式式文文体体中中用用作作连连接接性性状状语语，而而although则则不不行。（行。（though能够放在句中或句末，通惯用逗号隔开），如：能够放在句中或句末，通惯用逗号隔开），如：Hesaidhewouldcome;hedidnt,though.though引引导导从从句句可可用用倒倒装装语语序序（即即把把从从句句中中表表语语或或状状语语等等放放在在though之前），而之前），而although不能这么用，如：不能这么用，如：Youngthoughsheis,yetsheisfitforthejob.(=Youngassheis,)有有时时可可用用副副词词yet,still,nevertheless(但但不不能能用用连连词词but)来来配配合合连连接词接词though或或although，以加强语气，如：，以加强语气，如：Thoughheisoverseventy,yet/still/neverthelesshecanridethebike.though和和although后后面面主主语语和和谓谓语语动动词词be能能够够省省略略，假假如如这这个个主语和主句中主语指同一个人或物时，如：主语和主句中主语指同一个人或物时，如：Though(itwas)cold,itwasafinewintermorning.Though(he was)severely wounded,yet he refused to leave thebattlefield.Though(theywere)verytired,theycontinuedtomarchon.第22页2 2evenif,eventhoughevenif,eventhough和和和和ifif引导让步状语从句：引导让步状语从句：引导让步状语从句：引导让步状语从句：evenif与与eventhough同义，惯用于强调让步概念，如：同义，惯用于强调让步概念，如：Illdoit,evenifittakesmealltheafternoon.Hewasthereevenifwedidntseehim.Evenifyoufail,youcantryagain.Illhelpyou,evenifIdontsleepforanight.注注：if有有时时也也能能够够用用于于让让步步含含义义，但但要要注注意意条条件件if与与让让步步if区区分分，试比较：试比较：Ifheispoor,howcanhebuythehouse?(条件条件)Ifheispoor,heisatleasthonest.(让步让步)(=evenif)Ifheisinexperienced,hewontbeabletoaccomplishit.(条件条件)Ifheisinexperienced,heisatanyrateeagertolearn.(让让步步)(=evenif)IfJohnhadbeenthere,Iwouldhaveseenhim.(条件条件)IfJohnwasthere,Ididntseehim.(让步让步)(=evenif)第23页3 3由由由由as,that,thoughas,that,though引导特殊让步状语从句结构：引导特殊让步状语从句结构：引导特殊让步状语从句结构：引导特殊让步状语从句结构：在在正正式式文文体体或或文文学学作作品品中中，为为了了强强调调让让步步含含义义，可可用用as引引导导让让步步从从句句。但但as普普通通不不置置于于句句首首，而而将将从从句句中中表表语语或或状状语语置置于于句句首首。（though,that与与as一样，也能够用于这种结构），以下面几个情况：一样，也能够用于这种结构），以下面几个情况：表语倒装：表语倒装：Tiredashewas,hestillwentonwithhiswork.OldasIam,Icanstillfight.Cleverasyoumaybe,youcannotdothat.Tallas/thoughhewas,hecouldntreachthetopshelf.Difficultthoughthetaskwas,theymanagedtoaccomplishitintime.状语倒装：（这时不可在状语之前加状语倒装：（这时不可在状语之前加very,much等修饰语）等修饰语）MuchasIadmirehimasawriter,Idonotlikehimasaman.Muchashelikesthebike,hedoesntwanttobuyit.HardasIstudied,Icouldnotcatchupwiththem.谓语动词倒装：谓语动词倒装：Try as he would,he could not remember a word of it.(=Nomatterhowhewouldtry)Tryashemight,hedidntpasstheexam.Hatehimaswemay,wemustadmithisgreatness.Searchastheywould,theycouldfindnothingintheroom.Tryasyoumay,youwillneversucceed.第24页注意事项：注意事项：注意事项：注意事项：假如是单数名词或形容词最高级作表语，不再用冠词，如：假如是单数名词或形容词最高级作表语，不再用冠词，如：TeacherasMichaelis,heisnotcapableofteachingallsubjects.Childas/thathewas,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.Youngestasheisinourclass,hespeaksEnglishthebest.Childasheis,heknowsmuch.as从从句句能能够够置置于于主主句句前前、主主句句后后或或句句中中，当当as从从句句置置于于句句首首时时，主句前可加主句前可加yet，如：，如：Mary,braveassheis,isafraidofsnakes.Hewasunabletomakemuchprogress,hardashetried.Richasheis,(yet)Idontenvyhim.看看成成表表语语形形容容词词提提前前时时，假假如如从从句句主主语语是是人人称称代代词词，那那么么它它只只能能放放在在动动词词之之前前；假假如如从从句句主主语语是是名名词词，则则可可用用倒倒装装语语序序，也也可可用用陈陈说语序，如：说语序，如：Tiredasweretheworkers,theydidnotstop.Cleverthough/asyoumaybe,youcantdothat.as从句与主句在时态上能够不一致，如：从句与主句在时态上能够不一致，如：Childasheis,hewasbrave.注意区分注意区分as引导原因从句与让步从句，试比较：引导原因从句与让步从句，试比较：Lawyerasheis,heexplainsthereasonclearly.(原因从句原因从句)Lawyerasheis,hecantexplainthereasonveryclearly.(让让步步从从句句)第25页4 4eventhougheventhough和和和和thoughthougheventhough(=evenif)引引导导从从句句指指把把握握不不大大或或假假设设事事情情，意意为为“即即使使”、“纵纵然然”；though引引导导从从句句指指事事实实，意意为为“尽尽管管”、“即使即使”，比如：比如：Hewillnotrevealthesecret,eventhoughheknowsit.(可可能能知知道道，也可能不知道。也可能不知道。)Hewillnotrevealthesecretthoughheknowsit.(即即使使知知道道，却却不不说出来。说出来。)5 5whilewhile引导让步状语从句：引导让步状语从句：引导让步状语从句：引导让步状语从句：while(=although),它引导让步状语从句只能前置，位于句首，如：它引导让步状语从句只能前置，位于句首，如：Whileyoumayberight,Icantaltogetheragree.WhileIadmitthattheproblemsaredifficult,Idontagreethattheycannotbesolved.注意比较以下各句：注意比较以下各句：WhileIadmithisgoodpoints,Icanseehisshortcomings.(让步让步)WhileIunderstandwhatyousay,Icantagreewithyou.(让步让步)WhileIwasreading,thelightwentout.(时间时间)Motionisabsolutewhilestagnationisrelative.(转折、对比转折、对比)Heisidle,whilehisbrotherisdiligent.(转折、对比转折、对比)第26页6 6whetherorwhetheror引导让步状语从句：引导让步状语从句：引导让步状语从句：引导让步状语从句：这这种种从从句句也也称称“选选择择条条件件-让让步步状状语语从从句句”，可可位位于于主主句句之之前前或之后，如：或之后，如：Whetherhedrivesor(whetherhe)flies,hewillbehereontime.Whetheryoulikeitornot,youllhavetodoit.Whetherornotitrains,Imgivingapartytomorrow.We hold that all countries,(whether they are)big or small,(whethertheyare)richorpoor,shouldbeequal.Whetheritrainsorsnows,Iwillgotonight.Shehadtogo,whetherornotshewantedit.第27页7 7由由由由连连连连接接接接代代代代词词词词whoever,whoever,whomever,whomever,whatever,whatever,whicheverwhichever引引引引导导导导让让让让步步步步状状状状语从句：语从句：语从句：语从句：Whoever(=nomatterwho)isunwillingtogo,Iwillgo.(whoever既既相相当当于于连连接接词词短短语语nomatter连连接接主主句句与与从从句句，又又相相当当于疑问代词于疑问代词who)Whomever(=nomatterwhom)youaredealingwith,thismethodisnogood.Whatever(=nomatterwhat)happens,keepcalm.Whateverothersmaysay,youarecertainlyright.Whichever(=nomatterwhich)youchoose,wehavenoobjection.8 8由连接形容词由连接形容词由连接形容词由连接形容词whateverwhatever或或或或whicheverwhichever引导让步状语从句，如：引导让步状语从句，如：引导让步状语从句，如：引导让步状语从句，如：Whatever(=nomatterwhat)difficultiesmayarise,wemustandcanovercomethemonebyone.(whatever既既相相当当于于nomatter连连接接主句与从句，又相当于疑问形容词主句与从句，又相当于疑问形容词what修饰名词修饰名词difficulties。)Whichever(=nomatterwhich)roomisassignedtohim,hewillhavenoobjection.Whichevermethodyouuse,theresultismuchthesame.第28页9 9由由由由连连连连接接接接副副副副词词词词however,however,whereverwherever或或或或wheneverwhenever引引引引导导导导让让让让步步步步状状状状语语语语从从从从句句句句。比如：比如：比如：比如：However(=nomatterhow)difficultthetaskmaybe,wewillfulfilitontime.(however既既相相当当于于nomatter连连接接主主句句与与从从句句，又又相相当当于于疑疑问问副副词词how修饰修饰difficult。)Wherever(=no matter where)they went,they were warmlywelcomed.WheneverImunhappy,hecheersmeup.ThedogfollowsmewhereverIgo.1010注意以上几个结构省略形式：注意以上几个结构省略形式：注意以上几个结构省略形式：注意以上几个结构省略形式：Howeverdifficultthetask(maybe),itwillbefulfilledontime.Howevergreatthedifficulties(maybe),wewillneverretreat.Whateverthedifficulties(maybe),theymustandcanbeovercome.第29页11由由whenever,wherever引引导导从从句句，同同时时也也分分别别是是时时间间状状语语从从句句和和地地点点状状语语从从句句，这这里里作作为为让让步步状状语语从从句句来来对对待待，是是强强调调它它们们带带有有nomatterwhen,nomatterwhere含含义义。在在口口语语中中用用nomatter+wh-结构比较常见。比如：结构比较常见。比如：NomatterwhatIdid,noonepaidanyattention.(=WhateverIdid,)Nomatterwhenandhowtheinvaderscome,theywillbewipedoutclean.Nomatterwhoitis,Idontwanttoseehim.Nomatterhowdifficultthetaskmaybe,wemustfulfilitintime.Itistrue,nomatterwhatyoumaysay.(可置于主句之后可置于主句之后)Dontbelievetherumour,nomatterwhorepeatsit.(可可置置于于主主句句之后之后)口语中还能够这么用：口语中还能够这么用：口语中还能够这么用：口语中还能够这么用：Itdoesntmatter(=Nomatter)whathemaysay,Iamgoing.第30页