复习动词的时态一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时一般过去时.doc

复习动词的时态：一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、一般过去时。 一般现在时（The Present Indefinite Tense）的测试 5 要点：1、表示不受时间限制的客观存在、科学真理、格言等。Water boils at 100 .Twice two is four .The earth goes around the sun .Pride goes before a fall . 骄者必败。One today is worth two tomorrows . 一个今天胜过两个明天。Practice makes perfect . 熟能生巧。Japan lies to the east of China .Shanghai stands on the Huangpu River .England and France are separated by the English Channel .2、一般现在时表示经常地或者习惯的动作，常与频度状语 usually , often , sometimes , every morning , always , regularly 以及 at present , these days , nowadays , at the moment 等时间状语连用。Mum doesnt drive as well as Dad . She stops too suddenly and turns quickly .Peter used to work in Geneva , but at present he works in London .The Hunts usually live in Scotland , but at the moment they live in the south .Being middle school students , you do homework every day .3、在口语中，一般现在时往往可和一个表示未来时间的状语连用，表达一个按规定、计划、安排要发生的动作。这种动词是：go , come , fall , arrive , start , begin , meet , stay , take , place , happen 等。When do you start , Mr Green ?This train leaves at 10:00 .Miss Black comes next week . When do they leave for the countryside ? They start next Saturday .A：Is there any meeting today ?B：Yes . It begins at 2:30 in the afternoon .4、在时间和条件状语从句中可用一般现在时代替一般将来时。Please let me know when he comes back .I will go to see him if it is fine tomorrow .If he doesnt like it , nor / neither will I.5、在某些以 here , there 开头的句子中用一般现在时表示正发生的动作。Here comes the bus ! 汽车来了！There goes the bell ! 铃响了！ 现在进行时（The Present Continuous Tense）的 7 个测试要点1、现在进行时表示说话时正发生的或者正进行的动作。常与时间状语 now , at the moment 等连用。It is raining hard now . Dont hurry .I am writing a letter . Will you please turn down the radio ?Watch out (当心) ! Its falling .Look ! The clouds are gathering .Look at this picture of a busy railway station . A train is standing at one of the platforms ready to leave . Some of thepassengers are looking out of the windows watching the late-comers who are hurrying along looking for empty seats .We are busy at the moment . Im selling cigarettes . My father is selling some sweets .2、表示现阶段正在进行而此刻不一定在进行的动作。可和时间状语 now , these days 等连用。She is studying law while her brother is studying medicine .Is my daughter working hard in the factory , Manager Wang ?How are you getting along / on with your studies ?I usually get up at eight , but Im getting up at six every day this week .3、表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作。We are going to Rome next week .Mr Black is leaving for Shanghai in a few days .Are you doing anything special tonight ?4、用在时间和条件状语从句中表达将来正进行的动作。Ill telephone you this afternoon while Im waiting .Ill think about it while you are writing the report .When you are talking with him , take care not to mention this .If you are standing at the corner when I pass , Ill give you a lift into town .5、现在进行时和动词 hope , wonder 连用表示婉转的口气。I am hoping youll give me some advice .Im wondering if I may have a word with you .We are wondering if you have any suggestion .6、现在进行时与 always , continually , constantly 等副词连用表示反复或者习惯性的动作，含有说话人的某种感情色彩，如赞扬、遗憾、讨厌、不满等。He is always asking such easy questions .He is constantly leaving his books about .7、少数动词，如jump , hit , kick , knock , drop 等瞬间动词用进行时比动作的重复或者即将发生。He is knocking at the door .The girls are jumping . 一般现在时和现在进行时的 6 个区别点区别点一：一般现在时表示经常性的动作，而现在进行时表达现在或者现阶段正发生的动作。He studies hard .He is studying hard this term .My watch works perfectly . (经常性)My watch is working perfectly . (短暂性) He lives in Beijing .He is living in Beijing .区别点二：用现在进行时往往带有感情色彩，而用一般现在时只是说明事实。John does fine work at school . （说明事实）John is doing fine at school . （表扬）Now I live in a very pleasant flat . （事实）Now I am living in a very pleasant flat . （满意）现在进行时表达感情色彩时常和always , forever , constantly 等连用。He is always thinking of how he could do more for the poor .She is always changing her clothes .区别点三：一般现在时表示现在发生的动作，现在进行时表示眼前看得见的动作。Boats pass under the bridge .The boat is passing under the bridge .区别点四：一般现在时用来表示永久的情况或者完成的动作，现在进行时表示的暂时或临时性动作。My parents lives in Canada .Im staying with one of my classmates .区别点五：表示知觉、感觉、看法、感情、愿望的动词常不用现在进行时而用一般现在时。如：see , hear , smell , notice , taste , know , think , like , want , wish , have , fit , belong to 。The necklace belongs to Jenny .I hear you want to do business abroad .区别点六：表示问候性的亲切感多用现在进行时。How are you feeling today , Xiao Ming ? I hope you will be well soon .How are they getting along with their work ? 现在完成时（The Present Perfect Tense）的 6 个测试要点1、不带时间状语的现在完成时表示说话之前动作已经完成，而后果和影响至今存在。He has gone to Europe . You cant see him .Has he had his supper ?He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。He has been to Beijing .他去过北京。2、带状语的现在完成时表示动作开始于过去并持续到现在，也许还要持续下去的动作或者状态。She has been ill for two weeks . I havent seenhim for many months .She has learnt a lot since she cameto No. 16 Middle School .3、在用 already , yet , before , just , ever , lately , recently 这类副词或者频度副词 often , sometimes , rarely , never , once , twice , three times 做状语时常用现在完成时。Have you ever listened to foreign music ?This is the second game . Theyve already won a game .He as well as I has seen the film before .We went to have a haircut once a month .4、特别注意由 since , for 引起的时间状语与现在完成时的连用。since 后必须是确定的时间点，而不能是一段时间。Ive known him since we were children .They havent visited us since 1998.由 for 引起的时间状语中，介词 for 常被省去。Ive studied English (for)a long time .For months he hasnt gone to the movies .5、含下列状语的句子常与现在完成时连用：ever since , in the past two weeks , in the last few years , until now , till now , up to now , up to the present , so far , for the last few months , over the last few weeks . during the last few centuries 。Up to now , everything has been successful .In the last 50 years China has made great advances in socialist revolution and socialist construction . 6、注意现在完成时不能与非延续性动词连用。如：marry , die , leave , start , join , end 等。但可以借助这些动词的形容词或状态词与现在完成时连用。He has been married to Joan for a year . = He married Joan a year ago .She has been a Party member for two weeks . = She joined the Party two weeks ago .= It is two weeks since she became a Party member . 一般过去时（The Past Indefinite Tense）的 4 个测试要点1、一般过去时表示过去某一时刻或者某一段时间发生的动作或者状态。Last night we went to enjoy a good performance .I usually sleep indoors , but I slept outdoors last summer . How long have you been here ? Only about five minutes . Jane and Simon walked here with me .I cant find the dictionary . Someone put it on the top of the bookshelf .2、表示过去的习惯动作。通常同时间或者频度状语连用。He smoked a lot five years ago .We went to school together when we were boys and so we saw each other every day .The doctor came once a week and examined all who were ill .3、used to do 和 would 常表达过去常干。used to 含有强烈的今昔对比，可以和状态动词连用。而would 不能与状态词连用，句中常用时间状语的暗示。Tom used to eat out every day , but now he cant afford it .When he was old , he would rise early and take a walk before breakfast .We used to be good friends . (不能用 would)There used to stand a tower at the foot of the hill . (不用 would)4、在句型 “It is time that ；It is about time that ；It is high time that ”后的从句中用一般过去时。在 would rather , would sooner , had rather , had sooner 后的从句中用一般过去时。It is high time that we went to school .I had rather you came next week .