复习动词的时态一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时一般过去时.doc

复习动词的时态：一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、一般过去时。

● 一般现在时（The Present Indefinite Tense）的测试 5 要点：

1、表示不受时间限制的客观存在、科学真理、格言等。

Water boils at 100 ℃ .

Twice two is four .

The earth goes around the sun .

Pride goes before a fall . 骄者必败。

One today is worth two tomorrows . 一个今天胜过两个明天。

Practice makes perfect . 熟能生巧。

Japan lies to the east of China .

Shanghai stands on the Huangpu River .

England and France are separated by the English Channel .

2、一般现在时表示经常地或者习惯的动作，常与频度状语 usually , often , sometimes , every morning , always , regularly 以及 at present , these days , nowadays , at the moment 等时间状语连用。

Mum doesn‘t drive as well as Dad . She stops too suddenly and turns quickly .

Peter used to work in Geneva , but at present he works in London .

The Hunts usually live in Scotland , but at the moment they live in the south .

Being middle school students , you do homework every day .

3、在口语中，一般现在时往往可和一个表示未来时间的状语连用，表达一个按规定、计划、安排要发生的动作。这种动词是：go , come , fall , arrive , start , begin , meet , stay , take , place , happen 等。

When do you start , Mr Green ?

This train leaves at 10:00 .

Miss Black comes next week .

— When do they leave for the countryside ?

— They start next Saturday .

A：Is there any meeting today ?

B：Yes . It begins at 2:30 in the afternoon .

4、在时间和条件状语从句中可用一般现在时代替一般将来时。

Please let me know when he comes back .

I will go to see him if it is fine tomorrow .

If he doesn’t like it , nor / neither will I.

5、在某些以 here , there 开头的句子中用一般现在时表示正发生的动作。

Here comes the bus ! 汽车来了！

There goes the bell ! 铃响了！

● 现在进行时（The Present Continuous Tense）的 7 个测试要点

1、现在进行时表示说话时正发生的或者正进行的动作。常与时间状语 now , at the moment 等连用。

It is raining hard now . Don‘t hurry .

I am writing a letter . Will you please turn down the radio ?

Watch out (当心) ! It’s falling .

Look ! The clouds are gathering .

Look at this picture of a busy railway station . A train is standing at one of the platforms ready to leave . Some of thepassengers are looking out of the windows watching the late-comers who are hurrying along looking for empty seats .

We are busy at the moment . I‘m selling cigarettes . My father is selling some sweets .

2、表示现阶段正在进行而此刻不一定在进行的动作。可和时间状语 now , these days 等连用。

She is studying law while her brother is studying medicine .

Is my daughter working hard in the factory , Manager Wang ?

How are you getting along / on with your studies ?

I usually get up at eight , but I’m getting up at six every day this week .

3、表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作。

We are going to Rome next week .

Mr Black is leaving for Shanghai in a few days .

Are you doing anything special tonight ?

4、用在时间和条件状语从句中表达将来正进行的动作。

I‘ll telephone you this afternoon while I’m waiting .

I‘ll think about it while you are writing the report .

When you are talking with him , take care not to mention this .

If you are standing at the corner when I pass , I’ll give you a lift into town .

5、现在进行时和动词 hope , wonder 连用表示婉转的口气。

I am hoping you‘ll give me some advice .

I’m wondering if I may have a word with you .

We are wondering if you have any suggestion .

6、现在进行时与 always , continually , constantly 等副词连用表示反复或者习惯性的动作，含有说话人的某种感情色彩，如赞扬、遗憾、讨厌、不满等。

He is always asking such easy questions .

He is constantly leaving his books about .

7、少数动词，如jump , hit , kick , knock , drop 等瞬间动词用进行时比动作的重复或者即将发生。

He is knocking at the door .

The girls are jumping .

● 一般现在时和现在进行时的 6 个区别点

区别点一：一般现在时表示经常性的动作，而现在进行时表达现在或者现阶段正发生的动作。

He studies hard .

He is studying hard this term .

My watch works perfectly . (经常性)

My watch is working perfectly . (短暂性)

He lives in Beijing .

He is living in Beijing .

区别点二：用现在进行时往往带有感情色彩，而用一般现在时只是说明事实。

John does fine work at school . （说明事实）

John is doing fine at school . （表扬）

Now I live in a very pleasant flat . （事实）

Now I am living in a very pleasant flat . （满意）

现在进行时表达感情色彩时常和always , forever , constantly 等连用。

He is always thinking of how he could do more for the poor .

She is always changing her clothes .

区别点三：一般现在时表示现在发生的动作，现在进行时表示眼前看得见的动作。

Boats pass under the bridge .

The boat is passing under the bridge .

区别点四：一般现在时用来表示永久的情况或者完成的动作，现在进行时表示的暂时或临时性动作。

My parents lives in Canada .

I‘m staying with one of my classmates .

区别点五：表示知觉、感觉、看法、感情、愿望的动词常不用现在进行时而用一般现在时。如：see , hear , smell , notice , taste , know , think , like , want , wish , have , fit , belong to 。

The necklace belongs to Jenny .

I hear you want to do business abroad .

区别点六：表示问候性的亲切感多用现在进行时。

How are you feeling today , Xiao Ming ? I hope you will be well soon .

How are they getting along with their work ?

● 现在完成时（The Present Perfect Tense）的 6 个测试要点

1、不带时间状语的现在完成时表示说话之前动作已经完成，而后果和影响至今存在。

He has gone to Europe . You can’t see him .

Has he had his supper ?

He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。

He has been to Beijing .他去过北京。

2、带状语的现在完成时表示动作开始于过去并持续到现在，也许还要持续下去的动作或者状态。

She has been ill for two weeks .

I haven‘t seenhim for many months .

She has learnt a lot since she cameto No. 16 Middle School .

3、在用 already , yet , before , just , ever , lately , recently 这类副词或者频度副词 often , sometimes , rarely , never , once , twice , three times 做状语时常用现在完成时。

Have you ever listened to foreign music ?

This is the second game . They’ve already won a game .

He as well as I has seen the film before .

We went to have a haircut once a month .

4、特别注意由 since , for 引起的时间状语与现在完成时的连用。since 后必须是确定的时间点，而不能是一段时间。

I‘ve known him since we were children .

They haven’t visited us since 1998.

由 for 引起的时间状语中，介词 for 常被省去。

I‘ve studied English (for)a long time .

For months he hasn’t gone to the movies .

5、含下列状语的句子常与现在完成时连用：ever since , in the past two weeks , in the last few years , until now , till now , up to now , up to the present , so far , for the last few months , over the last few weeks . during the last few centuries 。

Up to now , everything has been successful .

In the last 50 years China has made great advances in socialist revolution and socialist construction .

6、注意现在完成时不能与非延续性动词连用。如：marry , die , leave , start , join , end 等。但可以借助这些动词的形容词或状态词与现在完成时连用。

He has been married to Joan for a year . = He married Joan a year ago .

She has been a Party member for two weeks . = She joined the Party two weeks ago .= It is two weeks since she became a Party member .

● 一般过去时（The Past Indefinite Tense）的 4 个测试要点

1、一般过去时表示过去某一时刻或者某一段时间发生的动作或者状态。

Last night we went to enjoy a good performance .

I usually sleep indoors , but I slept outdoors last summer .

— How long have you been here ?

— Only about five minutes . Jane and Simon walked here with me .

I can‘t find the dictionary . Someone put it on the top of the bookshelf .

2、表示过去的习惯动作。通常同时间或者频度状语连用。

He smoked a lot five years ago .

We went to school together when we were boys and so we saw each other every day .

The doctor came once a week and examined all who were ill .

3、used to do 和 would 常表达过去常干……。used to 含有强烈的今昔对比，可以和状态动词连用。而would 不能与状态词连用，句中常用时间状语的暗示。

Tom used to eat out every day , but now he can’t afford it .

When he was old , he would rise early and take a walk before breakfast .

We used to be good friends . (不能用 would)

There used to stand a tower at the foot of the hill . (不用 would)

4、在句型 “It is time that …；It is about time that … ；It is high time that … ”后的从句中用一般过去时。在 would rather , would sooner , had rather , had sooner 后的从句中用一般过去时。

It is high time that we went to school .

I had rather you came next week .