主动语态和被动语态知识点.doc

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主动语态和被动语态知识点
　　知识点总结
　　语态表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，或者是说动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态，如：We speak Chinese in China.在中国我们说汉语;如果主语是动作的承受者，或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的，则用被动语态,如：Chinese is spoken by us in China.在中国汉语被我们说。
　　一、主动语态改成被动语态方法　　把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单，可以遵循以下几个步骤：
　　1. 将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语;
　　2. 谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词”，并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态;
　　3主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。(有时by的短语可以省略);
　　例：1. Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week.
　　二、被动语态的用法：
　　1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词 　　Our classroom is cleaned everyday.
　　2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词 　　A new shop was built last year.
　　3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词 　　This book has been translated into many languages.
　　4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 　　　　Many more trees will be planted next year.
　　5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 　　Young trees must be watered often.
　　6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词 　　Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→ 　　My bike is being repaired by Tom now.
　　7. 不定式的被动语态：to + be + 及物动词的过去分词 　　There are two books to be read. → 　　There are twenty more trees to be planted.
　　三、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题：
　　1. 不及物动词无被动语态。 　What will happen in 100 years. 　　The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.
　　2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。This pen writes well. 　This new book sells well.
　　3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to，但变为被动语态时，须加上to。 　　例：make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something 　　see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something 　　The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.
　　4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。 　　He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him. 　　He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him.
　　5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。 　　We can’t laugh at him. →He can’t be laughed at by us.
　　常见考法
　　对于语态考查，多以单选、词语运用的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用被动语态的能力。一般情况下，会综合考查时态和语态，这时，要根据语境和动作发生的时间来确定时态，然后再确定语态。
　　典型例题：–Could you tell me whom the radio__________by? -Sorry, I have no idea.
　　A invents B invented C is invented D was invented
　　解析：题干的意思是“你能告诉我收音机是谁发明的吗?”，发明收音机是过去的事，所以用过去时，排除 A和C;而radio和invent 构成被动关系，应用被动语态，排除B
　　答案：D
　　误区提醒
　　有些动词后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，但改为被动结构后要加上“to”，这一点我们必须注意。
　　典型例题：The young man was often seen _____ by the lake.
　　A to draw B to drawing C draw D drew
　　解析：这是2007年济南的中考题。“看到某人做某事”为see sb.do sth.。句中动词原形是省略to的不定式，在被动语态中要还原to。
　　答案：A
1、 ( ) 1 The People's Republic of China ___ on October 1, 1949.
A. found  B. was founded  C. is founded  D. was found
 ( )2 This English song___ by the girls after class.
A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung
 ( ) 3.New computers ___ all over the world.
A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used
2、( ) 1 Our room must ___ clean.
A. keep   B. be kept   C. to be kept   D. to keep
 ( )2. A new house ___ at the corner of the road.
A. is building  B. is being built  C. been built  D. be building
 ( ) 3. Doctors ___ in every part of the world.
A. need .B. are needing .C. are needed .D. will need
3、( ) 1 Japanese ___ in every country.
A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking
( ) 2 These papers___yet.
A. have not written   B. have not been written 
C. has not written    D. has not been written
4、( ) 1.___ the watch been repaired yet? I badly need it.
A. Does   B. Has   C. Is   D. Are
( ) 2. ___ these desks be needed?
A. Will  B. Are  C. Has  D. Do
5、 ( ) 1 Who was the book___?
A. write  B. wrote  C. written  D. written by
( ) 2. Where ___ these boxes made?
A. was  B. were  C. is  D. am
6、( ) 1 The flowers___often.
A. must be water  B. must be watered  C. must watered  D. must water
( ) 2 The books may___ for two weeks.
A. be kept  B. be borrowed  C. keep  D. borrow
( ) 3 The broken bike____ here by Mr Smith.
A. can mend  B. can mended  C. can be mend  D. can be mended
7、( ) 1 The old bridge in my hometown___ next month.
A. is going to be built   B. will built 
C. are going to be built  D. are going to built
( ) 2 The play ___ at the theatre next Sunday.
A. is going to be shown  B. will shown C. will show  D. is shown
8、( ) 1 Now these magazines___ in the library for a long time. 
A. have kept  B. are keeping  C. have been keeping  D. have been kept
( ) 2 The pot ___ for ___ hot water.
A. used; keeping  B. was used; keeping 
C. is used; to keep  D. are used; keep
( ) 3 Tea ___ in the south of China.
A. grows  B. is grown  C. were grown  D. will grow
( ) 4 The bridges___ two years ago.
A. is built  B. built  C. were built  D. was built
( ) 5 Wet clothes are often ___ up near a fire in rainy weather.
A. hang  B. hanged  C. hanging  D. hung
( ) 6. Old people must ___.
A. look after well    B. be looked well after 
C. looked well after   D. be looked after well
 ( ) 7 Newly-born babies___in hospital.
A. are taken good care   B. are taken good care of 
C. take good care of   D. take good care
 ( ) 8 These walls___stone.
A. are made of B. made of  C. are made into D. made into
 ( )9. Jane ___ to sing us an American song last Saturday.
A. called  B. was asked  C. told  D. was said
( ) 10.The papers ___ to them.
A. were shown B. show C. shown / D. have shown
 ( ) 11. I ___ five minutes to decide whether I should go or not.
A. gave  B. was giving  C. had given  D. was given
C. should be taking   D. should be taken of
 ( ) 1 2.The teacher made him___ his homework.
A. to do  B. do  C. did  D. done
( ) 13. The boy___ streets without pay in the old days.
A. was made to clean B. made clean  C. made to clean D. was made clean
( ) 14. These children____dance.
A. were seen to  B. were seen for  C. were seen  D. saw to
 ( ) 15. The important meeting ___ on a cold morning last year.
A. was  have B. was held  C. held  D. had
 ( ) 1 Great changes___ in the past ten years in China.
A. took place B. have taken place C. were taking place D. had taken place
( ) 2 You can't use the computer, it____.
A. was broken down  B. is wrong  C. is bad  D. has broken down
( ) 3 Great changes___in our country during the past 20 years. 
A. have happened B. happened C. have been happened D. were happened
 ( ) 1 Please pass me another cup. This one___.
A. is broken B. is breaking C. broke D. broken
( ) 2 The story books___ by the writer in the 1960s.
A. are written  B. were written   C. are writing D. were writing
 18、( ) 1 The apple___very sweet.
A. is tasted B. taste -C. tastes D. are tasting
( ) 2 You___ more beautiful in the light blue shirt.
A. see B. watch C. look D. look at
19、 ( ) 2 How dirty the tables are! They need___.
A. to clean B. clean C. cleaning D. cleaned
1. 1-5 B D D D C 　　　　　　2. 1-6 B C B B C A 　　　　　　
3. 1-3 A B B 　　　　　　　4. 1-3 A B A 　　　　　　　　
5. 1-3 B D B 6. 1-3 B A D
7. 1-3 A B A 8. 1-5 D B B C D
9. 1-4 B A D D 10. 1-3 B B A
11. 1-3 B A C 12. 1-3 D D B
13. 1-3 B A A 14. 1-4 B C B 
15. 1-4 B D A C 16. 1-3 A B C
17. 1-3 B C D 18. 1-3 C C D 19. 1-3 A C B
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