科技英语的文体特点省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。Text Features of Scientific English（科技英语文本特点）（科技英语文本特点）I.A brief introduction to scientific styleII.Text features of scientific English Lexical features（词汇特点）Syntactical features（句法特点）III.Assignment第1页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。I.A brief introduction to scientific stylelThe classification of style（文体）（文体）lJournalistic style,expositive style,official style,literary style,practical style and scientific style.（刘宓庆）lScientific stylelSpecial science style（专门科技文体）：monograph,thesis and scientific reportlPopular science style（通俗科技文体）：universal scientific reading material（scientific prose）第2页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。lThe difference between a brain and a computer can be expressed in a single word:complexity.The large mammalian brain is the most complicated thing,for its size,known to us.The human brain weighs three pounds,but in that three pounds are ten billion neurons and a hundred billion smaller cells.These many billions of cells are interconnected in a vastly complicated network that we cant begin to unravel as yet.l When a graphite crystal is crushed,it breaks into micro-scaled laminar flakes.They are many dangling bonds on the edge of an isolated graphite micro-sheet which elevates its energy and makes it unstable.When a graphite micro-sheet curls into a nanotube,the number of dangling bonds decreases,and the system energy is reduced accordingly.第3页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。l The difference between a brain and a computer can be expressed in a single word:complexity.The large mammalian brain is the most complicated thing,for its size,known to us.The human brain weighs three pounds,but in that three pounds are ten billion neurons and a hundred billion smaller cells.These many billions of cells are interconnected in a vastly complicated network that we cant begin to unravel as yet.(popular science)l When a graphite crystal is crushed,it breaks into micro-scaled laminar flakes.They are many dangling bonds on the edge of an isolated graphite micro-sheet which elevates its energy and makes it unstable.When a graphite micro-sheet curls into a nanotube,the number of dangling bonds decreases,and the system energy is reduced accordingly.(special science)第4页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。I.A brief introduction to scientific stylelGeneral characteristics of scientific English texts lLogic,precise,objectivelGeneral translation principles（普通标准）（普通标准）lAccurate，smooth，conciselSummaryl科技英语是一个特殊文体，分为专门科技和通俗科技科技英语是一个特殊文体，分为专门科技和通俗科技两类，包括社会各个领域，包含政治、经济、军事、两类，包括社会各个领域，包含政治、经济、军事、体育、科学技术等方面。科技英语重视逻辑性、准确体育、科学技术等方面。科技英语重视逻辑性、准确性和严密性，在翻译过程中要做到准确、通顺、简练。性和严密性，在翻译过程中要做到准确、通顺、简练。第5页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。II.Text features of Scientific English l Lexical features(词汇特点词汇特点)l Syntactical features(句法特点句法特点)第6页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。1.Lexical features（词汇特点）（词汇特点）l大量使用科学术语大量使用科学术语（scientific terms）lmagnetism,genome,hormone,psychopathologyl科学术语含有单义性科学术语含有单义性（monosemy）lseed:种子选手（体育）lTransmission：发射，播送（无线电工程学）变速（机械学）投射（物理学）遗传（医学）第7页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。1.Lexical features（词汇特点）（词汇特点）l科学术语起源（科学术语起源（sources）l给原有英语单词赋予新义 memory,monitor,mouse,promptl从拉丁或希腊语中吸收而来词（词义窄）atmosphere，capsule,parasite,pneumonia auto-;bi-;counter-;hydro-;micro-;-graph;-logy;l大量使用派生名词(动词和形容词名词化)-ation,-ment,-sion,-al,-ability,-ity,etc.第8页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。Summary l科技英语大量使用科学术语，且术语含有单义性。在翻译过程中，注意词义准确性。对于那些一词多义词语，要掌握他们在科技文件中含义。l要尽可能地掌握英语前、后缀，扩大词汇量，从而提升翻译速度和质量。第9页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。2.Syntactical features（句法特点）（句法特点）l频繁使用被动语态（频繁使用被动语态（passive voice）l依据英国利兹大学John Swales 统计，科技英语中谓语最少三分之一是被动态。l客体型思维客体型思维在语言中表现（objective thinking）l被动语态使用是科技文章追求客观性一个有效伎俩第10页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。Practice：translate the following sentences in passive voice into ChineselResearchers have found that emotions are accompanied by biochemical changes in the brain.Fear,for example,is accompanied by the one set of brain chemicals that can make us alert and ready to fleel研究者发觉，感情发生被被大脑中生物化学改变所伴随伴随。比如，恐惧是受受大脑中一个化学物质所伴随所伴随，它令人警觉，并准备好逃之夭夭。l研究者发觉，感情是伴伴随伴伴随大脑中生物化学改变发生。比如，在恐惧中，大脑会产生产生一个化学物质，令人们警觉，并准备好逃之夭夭。第11页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。Practice：translate the following sentences in passive voice into ChineselCurrent will not flow continuously,since the circuits are broken by the insulating material.l电流不再继续流动，因为电路被被绝缘材料隔断了。lComputers may be classified into analog and digital.l计算机可分为分为模拟计算机和数字计算机两种。l The molecules of all matters are believed to be moving.l人们确信人们确信，全部物质分子都在不停地运动。lA brief discussion of some basic concepts is presented in this paper.l本文简明讨论本文简明讨论了一些基本概念。第12页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。科技英语中含有被动语态惯用句型及翻译定式科技英语中含有被动语态惯用句型及翻译定式lIt is supposed thatlIt can be clearly seen thatlIt should be noted thatlIt may be safely said thatlIt must be stressed thatlIt has been proved thatlIt was estimated thatlIt is generally considered that 据推测；人们猜测据推测；人们猜测 由此可见由此可见 应该注意是应该注意是 能够有把握地说能够有把握地说 必须强调是必须强调是 已经证实已经证实据预计据预计人们（普遍）认为人们（普遍）认为第13页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。Summary 英语多用被动语态，尤其是科技英语，而汉语多用主动语态，这与中西方思维模式差异相关。所以，英语科技文翻译成汉语时，经常采取“语态转换法”(the conversion of voice)。第14页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。2.Syntactical featuresl大量使用结构复杂长句（long or complex sentence）l英语是形合语言(hypotaxis)l英语科技文要求叙述全方面、严谨，富有逻辑性，所以主从复合句、同位语、插入语使用频率也很高。这就使得科技文章往往句子长，结构也较为复杂。第15页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。lHowever，it is only the colon where we find all sorts of toxins and bacteria that provided the harsh circumstances that cause that gene to finally break down and the cancer to spread.初译：而只有在结肠部位才能找到组成病变环境且造成该基因最终损坏、致使癌细胞扩散各种毒素和细菌。改译：而只有在结肠部位，才能找到组成病变环境各种毒素和细菌，它们会造成该基因最终损坏，致使癌细胞扩散。第16页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。Steel is usually made where the iron ore is smelted,so that the modern steelworks forms a complete unity,taking in raw materials and producing all types of cast iron and steel,both for sending to other works for further treatment,and as finished products such as joists and other consumers.初译 通常在炼铁地方也炼钢，所以当代炼钢厂从运进原材料到生产供送往其它工厂深入加工处理并制成如工字钢及其它商品钢材成品而形成一整套联合企业。改译 通常在炼铁地方也炼钢。所以，当代炼钢厂是一个配套整体，从运进原料到生产各种类型铸铁与钢材；有送往其它工厂深入加工处理，有就制成成品，如工字钢及其它一些成材。第17页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。Summary 科技英语中有大量结构复杂（科技英语中有大量结构复杂（complicated）长句，而汉语经常使用短句，防止使用过长、结长句，而汉语经常使用短句，防止使用过长、结构过于复杂句子。构过于复杂句子。在英译汉时，首先要理清句子结构，然后在英译汉时，首先要理清句子结构，然后将英语长句分割成短句，该翻译技巧叫分句法将英语长句分割成短句，该翻译技巧叫分句法或者是断句法（或者是断句法（division or splitting）。）。第18页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。AssignmentTranslate the following sentences into ChineselThe water vapor will change from its invisible state to condense into visible moisture when the dew point temperature is reached.lWhen a user requests a set of resources,it must be determined whether the allocation of these resources will leave the system in safe state.l Only if the component vectors are on a straight line will the length of the vector for the sum be equal to the sum of the lengths of these components or to their difference.lWhenever occasion arises intensive observations are to be done to get the information on the fine structure of the atmospheric event.第19页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。Thanks for Your Attention第20页