北京航空航天大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解.pdf

目录2010年北京航空航天大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2011年北京航空航天大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2012年北京航空航天大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2013年北京航空航天大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2014年北京航空航天大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2015年北京航空航天大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2016年北京航空航天大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2017年北京航空航天大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2018年北京航空航天大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2010年北京航空航天大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解Part.Vocabulary(30 points)Directions:There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part.For eachsentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the ONEanswer that best completes the sentence.1.The _ is used by astrologers to help calculate the influence of theplanets on peoples lives.A.zephyrB.zodiacC.zymeD.zestB【答案】句意：天文学家通过占星术中的黄道十二宫来计算星球对人类生活的影响。zodiac黄道十二宫（用于占星术）。zephyr和风，微风。zyme酶。zest热情；热心。【解析】2.Its a _ timetable.Sometimes lessons happen,sometimes theydont.A.haphazardB.odiousC.haughtyD.handicappedA【答案】句意：这个时间表有时有课，有时没有。haphazard随意的；无计划的。odious可憎的；可恶的。haughty高傲的；自大的。handicapped残障的；有生理缺陷的。根据“有时有课，有时没有”可知，此时间表是无计划的，随意的。【解析】3.The poor mans clothes were so _ that they couldnt be repairedany more.A.oozedB.raggedC.moppedD.mockedB【答案】句意：这个穷人的衣服如此破烂以至于不能再修补了。ooze渗出；分泌出。ragged破烂的；衣衫褴褛的。mopped蓬乱的。mock嘲弄；嘲笑。【解析】4.The actor amused the audience by _ some well-known people.A.embroideringB.riggingC.yelpingD.mimickingD【答案】句意：这个演员通过模仿一些名人来娱乐大众。mimic模仿，学的样子。embroider刺绣，绣花。rig给（船只桅杆）装配帆及索具；垄断。yelp叫喊。【解析】5.No men was allowed to _ on the livelihood of his neighbor.A.wadeB.invokeC.muffleD.infringeD【答案】句意：不允许任何人侵犯邻居的生活。infringe侵犯；侵害。wade涉水而行；艰难的进行。invoke引起；祈求。muffle裹住；使声音低沉。【解析】6.The machinery had been wrecked so efficiently that police were sureit was a case of _.A.vagabondB.sabotageC.paradoxD.tachyonB【答案】句意：从机器毁坏的有效程度，警方确信这是一起蓄意破坏的事件。sabotage破坏活动；妨害。vagabond流浪者；懒汉。paradox自相矛盾的议论。tachyon速子（一种假设的快于光速的基本粒子）。【解析】7.The island is maintained as a _ for endangered species.A.wetlandsB.sanctuaryC.mireD.heathB【答案】句意：这个岛屿是濒危动物的避难所。sanctuary避难所。wetland湿地。mire困境；泥沼。heath荒地。【解析】8.The hunter kept the lions skin and head as _.A.trophiesB.filletC.tulipD.clownA【答案】句意：这位猎人把狮子的皮毛和头骨作为战利品。trophy战利品；奖品。fillet里脊肉；束发带。tulip郁金香花。clown小丑。【解析】9.If you _ something,such as food or drink,you reduce its qualityor make it weaker,for example by adding water to it.A.adulterateB.moorC.vaccinateD.sueA【答案】句意：如果你往食物或饮品之类的东西里掺假，例如往里面兑水，就会降低它们的质量。adulterate掺杂。moor停泊；固定。vaccinate注射疫苗。sue控告；起诉。【解析】10.The orphanage is just one of her _ causes.A.phoneticB.philanthropicC.prevalentD.lunaticB【答案】句意：这座孤儿院只是她的慈善事业之一。philanthropic仁慈的；慈善的。phonetic语音的。prevalent盛行的，流行的。lunatic精神【解析】错乱的；疯狂的。11.Many animals display _ instincts only while their offspring areyoung and helpless.A.cerebralB.imperiousC.ruefulD.maternalD【答案】句意：许多动物只有在它们的后代幼年和无助时才会体现出母性的本能。maternal母性的。cerebral理智的；大脑的。imperious专横的；紧急的。rueful悲伤的；可怜的。【解析】12.The guests,having eaten until they were_,now listenedinattentively to the speakers.A.contradictedB.satiatedC.gripedD.trespassedB【答案】句意：这些客人吃饱之后，现在正漫不经心地听讲话者说话。satiate满足（食欲或欲望）。contradict同矛盾，同抵触。【解析】gripe抓紧；激怒。trespass侵犯，打扰。13.While she had the fever,she _ for hours.A.ravedB.sniggeredC.titteredD.perforatedA【答案】句意：她发烧期间，胡言乱语好几个小时。rave胡言乱语；狂热赞扬。snigger窃笑；暗笑。titter偷笑。perforate穿孔。【解析】14.If you spill hot liquid on your skin it will _ you.A.scaleB.scaldC.shunD.shuntB【答案】句意：如果你将沸水洒在了皮肤上，它会烫伤你。scald（被沸水）烫伤。scale攀登；按比例排列。shun躲避；躲闪。shunt把转移到另一地方。【解析】15.The mice _ when the cat came.A.rambledB.lingeredC.saunteredD.scamperedD【答案】句意：当老鼠遇到猫时，老鼠会惊慌奔跑。scamper奔跑，奔逃。ramble闲逛；漫步。linger徘徊；停留。saunter闲逛；漫步。【解析】16.The chimney is no longer _ volumes of waste gas intoatmosphere,as protective filters are being used.A.giving awayB.giving offC.giving inD.giving upB【答案】句意：这个烟囱不再散发大量的废气到空气中了，因为使用了环保的过滤器。give off散发出。give away泄露。give in让步；呈交。give up放弃。【解析】17.At three oclock _ a cold morning,he arrived here.A.inB.atC.onD.ofC【答案】句意：在一个寒冷的早晨三点钟，他来到了这里。表示特指的早上应用on。【解析】18.Im sure dirty,_?A.am IB.arent IC.isnt ID.am not IB【答案】当属于第一人称反义疑问句时，反问部分应该使用are。【解析】19._,there is no place like home,wherever you go.A.It may be humbleB.As humble it may beC.Humble it may beD.Humble as it may beD【答案】句意：虽然家也许很简陋，但是无论你走到哪里都没有一【解析】个地方像家一样。此句为as或though引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”。其中用as来引导时可以将从句倒装，结构为“形容词/副词+as+主语+谓语”。所以答案为D。20.But for his help,I _.A.did not succeedB.had not succeededC.should not have succeededD.have not succeededC【答案】句意，要是没有他的帮助，我不会成功。shouldnt havedone sth.本不应该却做了某事。should have done sth.意为本应该却没有做某事。【解析】21.Try and calm yourself,_ your mind will be easy again.A.andB.orC.whenD.beforeA【答案】句意：试着平静下来，然后你的心情也会再一次放松。此处应选顺承连词，and除表示并列之外，也可表示顺承关系。or为转折【解析】关系，when为时间连词，before为副词，三者均不适用。因此，答案应为and，选A。22.The price of the real estate in this area may _ to unexpectedvalues,so everyone should be conscious of the maximum price that he wouldwant to pay for a particular property.A.staggerB.stinkC.soarD.suspendC【答案】句意：这一地区的房地产价格可能会飙升到一个意料之外的价值，所以每个人都要谨慎考虑他愿意为一处房产所支付的最高价格。soar上升。stagger犹豫；蹒跚而行。stink发出恶臭。suspend暂停。【解析】23.Contrary to popular belief,epidemics do not occur _ after anatural disaster.A.spontaneouslyB.simultaneouslyC.homogeneouslyD.instantaneouslyD【答案】句意：与常规的观点相反，流行病并不在自然灾害后马上出现。instantaneously即时地。spontaneously自发地；自然地。simultaneously同时发生地。homogeneously同种地；同质地。【解析】24.Immigration from countries and cultures that are _ with thecultural core of this nation has been generally prohibited.A.interiorB.invisibleC.incompatibleD.integralC【答案】句意：那些来自与这个国家和本国文化不相容的国家的移民应该被禁止。incompatible不相适应的。interior内部的；内地的。invisible无形的；看不见的。integral完整的；集成的。【解析】25.This course is designed to help children _ such real lifesituations as separation and loss.A.cope withB.settle downC.intervene inD.interfere withA【答案】句意：这门课是为了帮助那些孩子们处理真实生活可能出现的问题，例如分离和失败。cope with解决，处理。settle down定居下来；安静下来。intervene in介入；干涉。interfere with打扰；干涉。【解析】26.Foreign language teachers of this university are busy designing a testof spoken English to _ the original written examination.A.contaminateB.complimentC.complementD.coordinateC【答案】句意：这所大学的外文老师们正在忙着设计英语口语考试来补充原有的笔试。complement补充；与相配。contaminate污染。compliment赞扬；夸奖。coordinate协调；调节。【解析】27.Idlers,no matter how poor they are,are always _ at findingreasons not to take action to improve their living conditions.A.intrinsicB.ingeniousC.initialD.inherentB【答案】句意：流浪汉无论多么穷困都能够找到借口不去采取措施改善他们的生活状况。ingenious足智多谋的。intrinsic内在的；本质的。initial开始的；最初的。inherent天生的，遗传的。【解析】28.As the graduation is drawing near,every student began to _ hisfuture.A.compensateB.contemplateC.jeopardizeD.manifestB【答案】句意：临近毕业，每个学生都开始考虑未来。contemplate思量，仔细思考。compensate补偿。jeopardize阻碍，妨碍。manifest表现，展示。【解析】29.Although the resistance groups do not show great military _,they frequently penetrate deep into the interior.A.prowessB.prowlC.psalmD.psycheA【答案】句意：虽然抵御部队没有表现出强大的军事力量，但是他们好几次深入内陆。prowess英勇；非凡的能力。prowl搜寻；觅食。psalm赞美诗。psyche灵魂；心理学。【解析】30.The Great _ in the USA is 1900 meters deep and 25 kilometerswide at its maximum.A.CanyonB.FordC.AbyssD.QuarryA【答案】句意：美国大峡谷有1900米深，最宽处有2500米宽。Canyon峡谷。Ford渡口。Abyss深渊，深坑。Quarry采石场。【解析】Part.Reading Comprehension(40 points)Section ADirections:There are 3 passages in this part.Each passage is followedby some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are fourchoices marked A,B,C and D.You should decide on the best choice andmark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line throughthe centre.(30 points)Passage OneQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.“When more and more people are thrown out of work,unemploymentresults,”Calvin Coolidge once observed.As the U.S.economy crumbles,Coolidges silly maxim might appear to be as apt as ever:the number ofunemployment insurance claims is rising,and overall joblessness is creepingupward.But in todays vast and complex labor market,things arent alwayswhat they seem.More and more people are indeed losing their jobs but notnecessarily because the economy appears to be in recession.And old-fashioned unemployment isnt the inevitable result of job loss.New work,atless pay,often is.Call it new-wave unemployment:structural changes in the economy areoverlapping the business downturn,giving joblessness a grim new twist.Small wonder that the U.S.unemployment rate is rising.Now at 5.7 percent,it is widely expected to edge toward 7 percent by the end of next year.Butstatistics alone cant fully capture a complex reality.The unemployment ratehas been held down by slow growth in the labor forcethe number of peopleworking or looking for worksince few people sense attractive jobopportunities in a weak economy.In addition,many more people are losingtheir jobs than are actually ending up unemployed.Faced with hungrymouths to feed,thousands of women,for example,are taking two or morepart-time positions or agreeing to shave the hours they work in service-sectorjobs.For better and for worse,work in America clearly isnt what it used tobe.Now unemployment isnt,either.Like sour old wine in new bottles,this downturn blends a little of the oldand the new reflecting a decades worth of change in the dynamic U.S.economy.Yet,in many respects the decline is following the classic pattern,with new layoffs concentrated among blue-collar workers in the most“cyclical”industries,whose ups and downs track the economy most closely.As the downturn attracts attention on workers ill fortunes,someanalysts predict that political upheaval may lie ahead.Real wages for theaverage U.S.worker peaked in 1973 and have been falling almost ever since.As a result,a growing group of downwardly mobile Americans could soonbegin pressing policymakers to help produce better-paying jobs.Just howloud the outcry becomes will depend partly on the course of the recession.But in the long run,theres little doubt that the bleak outlook for jobs andjoblessness is“politically,socially and psychologically dynamite”.31.Why does the author refer to Coolidges maxim as silly?A.More and more people are applying for unemployment insurance.B.Unemployment rate is not likely to rise quickly nowadays.C.Losing jobs doesnt necessarily lead to unemployment.D.Todays labor market is much too complicated than Coolidges time.32.According to the passage,the unemployment rate has been keptunder limits because _.A.the number of the people in the work force slowly increasesB.very few people really lose their original jobsC.less and less people are out finding new jobsD.the government has taken strong measures to control theunemployment rate33.According to the passage,under the great pressure of life,manywomen _.A.will do a part-time job along with the full-time jobB.would rather stay at home than apply for a part-time positionC.would be fired if they cannot finish the job quicklyD.will agree to have their working hours shortened if required34.The present downturn is similar to traditional ones in that _.A.we can never predict which way the economy will headB.the economic prospects have been unfavorable for 10 yearsC.the government has done relatively little to intervene the marketD.physical laborers are the chief victims of the economic decline35.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A.Blue-collar workers are given less and less wages in recent years.B.The unemployment problem may lead to serious social problems.C.The unemployment problem will probably become less serious in notime.D.The government will create more jobs with better pay in the nearfuture.【答案与解析】31.D 由文章第一段第三句“But in todays vast.what they seem.”可知，在当今社会造成失业人口增加的原因是复杂的。由此段最后一句话可知，旧形式的失业已经不再是没有工作的原因，而是新的工作工资太少而造成的。Coolidge的理论是越来越多的人下岗是由于失业导致的。这种理论已经不再适用于当今社会，因此是可笑的。D选项正是此意。A，B，C选项无关。32.A 由文章第二段第五句“The unemployment rate.a weakeconomy.”可知失业率保持在一个较低的水平是由于人力资源的缓慢增加而导致的。工作的人数的增加少，相对失业的人也较少。A选项正是此意。B，C，D选项无关。33.A 由文章第二段倒数第二句“.thousands of women.work inservice-sector jobs”可知现在的女性会做两份或两份以上的兼职来生存下去。所以，在正常工作之余她们还要去做更多的工作。A选项正是此意。B，C，D选项无关。34.D 由文章第三段最后一句话“Yet,in many respects.track theeconomy most closely”可知新形式的失业在某些方面也同旧形式的失业类似，新产生的下岗工人多数都是蓝领工人，因为这些行业与经济运行的好坏最相关。D选项正是此意。A，B，C选项无关。35.B 由本文最后一段最后一句话“But in the longrun.psychologically dynamite”可知从长期来看，这种失业现象必然会导致政治上，经济上和心理上的危险。因此可推测失业问题最终会导致严重的社会问题。B选项正是此意。A，C，D选项无关。Passage TwoQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.Hormones in the BodyUp to the beginning of the twentieth century,the nervous system wasthought to control all communication within the body and the resultingintegration of behavior.Scientists had determined that nerves ran,essentially,on electrical impulses.These impulses were thought to be the engine forthought,emotion,movement,and internal processes such as digestion.However,experiments by William Bayliss and Ernest Starling on thechemical secretin,which is produced in the small intestine when food entersthe stomach,eventually challenged that view.From the small intestine,secretin travels through the bloodstream to the pancreas.There,it stimulatesthe release of digestive chemicals.In this fashion,the intestinal cells thatproduce secretin ultimately regulate the production of different chemicals in adifferent organ,the pancreas.Such a coordination of processes had been thought to require control bythe nervous system;Bayliss and Starling showed that it could occur throughchemicals alone.This discovery spurred starting to coin the term hormone torefer to secretin,taking it from the Greek word hormone,meaning“to excite”or“to set in motion.”A hormone is a chemical produced by one tissue tomake things happen elsewhere.As more hormones were discovered,they were categorized,primarilyaccording to the process by which they operated on the body.Some glands(which make up the endocrine system)secrete hormones directly into thebloodstream.Such glands include the thyroid and the pituitary.The exocrinesystem consists of organs and glands that produce substances that are usedoutside the bloodstream,primarily for digestion.The pancreas is one suchorgan,although it secretes some chemicals into the blood and thus is also partof the endocrine system.Much has been learned about hormones since their discovery.Some playsuch key roles in regulating bodily processes or behavior that their absencewould cause immediate death.The most abundant hormones have effects thatare less obviously urgent but can be more far-reaching and difficult to track:They modify moods and affect human behavior,even some behavior wenormally think of as voluntary.Hormonal systems are very intricate.Evenminute amounts of the right chemicals can suppress appetite,calmaggression,and change the attitude of a parent toward a child.Certainhormones accelerate the development of the body,regulating growth andform;others may even define an individuals personality characteristics.Thequantities and proportions of hormones produce change with age,soscientists have given a great deal of study to shifts in the endocrine systemover time in the hopes of alleviating ailments associated with aging.In fact,some hormone therapies are already very common.Acombination of estrogen and progesterone has been prescribed for decades towomen who want to reduce mood swings,sudden changes in bodytemperature,and other discomforts caused by lower natural levels of thosehormones as they enter middle age.Known as hormone replacement therapy(HRT),the treatment was also believed to prevent weakening of the bones.At least one study