北京航空航天大学外国语学院《821英语语言文学》（英语语言文学专业）历年考研真题及详解.pdf

目录2012年北京航空航天大学822英美文学考研真题及详解2011年北京航空航天大学822英美文学考研真题及部分详解2010年北京航空航天大学822英美文学考研真题及详解2009年北京航空航天大学822英美文学考研真题及详解2008年北京航空航天大学822英美文学考研真题及详解2007年北京航空航天大学822英美文学考研真题及详解2006年北京航空航天大学822英美文学考研真题2005年北京航空航天大学822英美文学考研真题2004年北京航空航天大学822英美文学考研真题2003年北京航空航天大学822英美文学考研真题2002年北京航空航天大学822英美文学考研真题附录：2014年北京航空航天大学821英语语言文学考试大纲2012年北京航空航天大学822英美文学考研真题及详解I.Define and exemplify the following terms(20150，54)1.Symbol2.Tragedy3.Aesthetic distance4.Ambiguity5.ParadoxII.Essay Questions and Literary Analysis(30150，310)1.In Shakespeares Hamlet,the tragic hero Hamlet seems to be delayinghis revenge.Why?Please give yourexplanations by in-depth analysis with textual evidences.2.How do you understand the Enlightenment Spirit?Please illustrateyour points by analyzing at least two literary works from the Englisheighteenth century.3.How do you understand the nature of the American Dream?Pleaseanalyze the theme of American Dream as revealed in literary works with atleast two examples.Literary Translation(40150,220)1.Translate the following English into Chinese.No woman can be too rich or too thin.This saying often attributed to thelate Duchess of Windsor embodies much of the odd spirit of our times.Beingthin is deemed as such a virtue.The problem with such a view is that somepeople actually attempt to live by it.I myself have fantasies of slipping intonarrow designer clothes.Consequently,I have been on a diet for the betteror worsepart of my life.Being rich wouldnt be bad either,but that wonthappen unless an unknown relative dies suddenly in some distant land,leaving me millions of dollars.2.Translate the following Chinese into English.人有时非常矛盾。本来活得好好的，各方面的环境都不错，然而当事者却常常心存厌倦。对人类这种因生命的平淡和缺少激情而苦恼的心态，有时是不能用不知足来解释的。我曾对住在森林的一对夫妻羡慕不已，因为森林里有清新的空气，有大片的杉树、竹林，有幽静的林间小道，有鸟语和花香。然而，当这对夫妇知道有人羡慕他们的住所时，却神情诧异。他们认为这儿没有多少值得观光和留恋的景致，远不如城市丰富有趣。IV.Literary Selections and Analysis(60150，610)1WHEN the sweet showers of April fall and shoot,Down throw the drought of March to pierce the root,Bathing every vein in liquid powerFrom which there springs the endangering of the flower,When also Zephyrus with his sweet breathExhales an air in every grove and heathUpon the tender shoots,and the young sunHis half-course in the sign of the Ram has run,And the small fowl are making melodyThat sleep away the night with open eyeThen people long to go on pilgrimages.a.Identify the author and the work from which the passage is selected.b.Why is the work regarded as a masterpiece?c.Comment on the language style of the writer.2And yet nothing had changed since the moments when he had beenkissing her:or rather,nothing in the substance of things.But the essence ofthings had changed.These and other of his words were nothing but the perfunctory babble ofthe surface while the depths remained paralyzed.He turned away,and bentover a chair.She followed him to the middle of the room where he was,andstood there staring at him with eyes that did not weep.Presently she sliddown upon her knees beside his foot,and from this position she crouched in aheap.In the name of our love,forgive me!she whispered with a dry mouth.Ihave forgiven you for the same!And,as he did not answer,she said againForgive me as you are forgiven!I forgive you,Angel.Youyes,you do.But you do not forgive me?O,forgiveness does not apply to the case!You were one person:now you are another.My Godhow can forgiveness meet such a grotesqueprestidigitation as that!He paused,contemplating this definition:then suddenly broke intohorrible laughteras unnatural and ghastly as a laugh in hell.Dontdont!It kills me quite,that!she shrieked.O have mercy uponmehave mercy!He did not answer:and,sickly white,she jumped up.a.Identify the author and the work from which the passage is selected.b.Analyze the significance of the books subtitle.c.Analyze the personality of the heroine and hero.3She became aware of something about her.With an effort she rousedherself to see what it was that penetrated her consciousness.The tall whitelilies were reeling in the moonlight,and the air was charged with theirperfume,as with a presence.Mrs.Morel gasped slightly in fear.She touchedthe big,pallid flowers on their petals,then shivered.They seemed to bestretching in the moonlight.She put her hand into one white bin:the goldscarcely showed on her fingers by moonlight.She bent down to look at thebinful of yellow pollen：but it only appeared dusky.Then she drank a deepdraught of the scent.It almost made her dizzy.Mrs.Morel leaned on the garden gate,looking out,and she lost herselfawhile.She did not know what she thought.Except for a slight feeling ofsickness,and her consciousness in the child,herself melted out like scent intothe shiny,pale air.After a time the child,too,melted with her in the mixing-pot of moonlight,and she rested with the hills and lilies and houses,all swumtogether in a kind of swoon.a.Identify the author and the work from which the passage is selected.b.Define the authors realism with the analysis of the above text.c.What is theme of his work?Also explain the authors understandingof sexuality.4The founders of a new colony,whatever Utopia of human virtue andhappiness they might originally project,have invariably recognised it amongtheir earliest practical necessities to allot a portion of the virgin soil as acemetery,and another portion as the site of a prison.In accordance with thisrule,it may safely be assumed that the forefathers of Boston had built the firstprison-house somewhere in the vicinity of Cornhill,almost as seasonably asthey marked out the first burial-ground,on Isaac Johnsons lot,and roundabout his grave,which subsequently became the nucleus of all thecongregated sepulchres in the old churchyard of Kings Chapel.Certain it isthat,some fifteen or twenty years after the settlement of the town,thewooden jail was already marked with weather-stains and other indications ofage,which gave a yet darker aspect to its beetle-browed and gloomy front.The rust on the ponderous iron-work of its oaken door looked more antiquethan anything else in the New World.Like all that pertains to crime,itseemed never to have known a youthful era.Before this ugly edifice,andbetween it and the wheel-track of the street,was a grass-plot,muchovergrown with burdock,pig-weed,apple-peru,and such unsightlyvegetation,which evidently found something congenial in the soil that had soearly borne the black flower of civilised society,a prison.But,on one side ofthe portal,and rooted almost at the threshold,was a wild rose-bush,covered,in this month of June,with its delicate gems,which might be imagined tooffer their fragrance and fragile beauty to the prisoner as he went in,and tothe condemned criminal as he came forth to his doom,in token that the deepheart of Nature could pity and be kind to him.This rose-bush,by a strange chance,has been kept alive in history:butwhether it had merely survived out of the stern old wilderness,so long afterthe fall of the gigantic pines and oaks that originally overshadowed it-orwhether,as there is fair authority for believing,it had sprung up under thefootsteps of the sainted Ann Hutchinson,as she entered the prison-doorweshall not take upon us to determine.Finding it so directly on the threshold ofour narrative,which is now about to issue from that inauspicious portal,wecould hardly do otherwise than pluck one of its flowers,and present it to thereader.It may serve,let us hope,to symbolise some sweet moral blossom,that may be found along the track,or relieve the darkening close of a tale ofhuman frailty and sorrow.But the point which drew all eyes,and,as it were,transfigured thewearer,so that both men and women,who had been familiarly acquaintedwith Hester Prynne,were now impressed as if they beheld her for the firsttime,was that scarlet letter,so fantastically embroidered and illuminatedupon her bosom.It had the effect of a spell,taking her out of the ordinaryrelations with humanity,and inclosing her in a sphere by herself.a.Identify the author of the work from which the passage is selected.b.What is the structure of the story?c.What are the symbolic meanings of the letter borne by the heroine?d.What are the symbolic meanings of the four major protagonists?e.Comment on the selected passages.5There was,of course,a catch.“Catch-22?”inquired Yossarian.“Of course,”Colonel Korn answered pleasantly,after he had chased themighty M.P.s out with an insouciant flick of his hand and a slightlycontemptuousmost relaxed,as always,when he could be most cynical.Hisrimless square eyeglasses glinted with sly amusement as he gazed atYossarian.“After all,we cant simply send you home for refusing to fly moremissions and keep the rest of the men here,can we?That would hardly befair to them.”a.Identify the author from which the passage is selected.b.What is the absurd rule or regulation in the novel?c.What writing technique is the novel famous for?6.The Apparition of these faces in the crowd:Petals on a wet,blackbough.a.Identify the author and the work from which the passage is selected.b.What literary school does the poet belong to?Please give a definitionof that school.c.Please analyze the poem.参考答案及解析I.Define and exemplify the following terms1.A symbol is an object that represents,stands for,or suggests an idea,visual image,belief,action,or material entity.Symbols take the form of words,sounds,gestures,or visual images andare used to convey ideas and beliefs.For example,a red octagon may be asymbol for“STOP”.On a map,a picture of a tent might represent a campsite.Numerals are symbols for numbers.Personal names are symbols representingindividuals.A red rose symbolizes love and compassion.2.Tragedy is a form of drama based on human suffering that invokes inits audience an accompanying catharsis orpleasure in the viewing.While many cultures have developed forms thatprovoke this paradoxical response,the term tragedy often refers to a specifictradition of drama that has played a unique and important role historically inthe self-definition of Western civilization.That tradition has been multipleand discontinuous,yet the term has often been used to invoke a powerfuleffect of cultural identity and historical continuity“the Greeks and theElizabethans,in one cultural form;Hellenes and Christians,in a commonactivity,”as Raymond Williams puts it.3.Aesthetic distance refers to the gap between a viewers consciousreality and the fictional reality presented in a workof art.When a reader becomes fully engrossed in the illusory narrativeworld of a book,the author has achieved a close aesthetic distance.If theauthor then jars the reader from the reality of the story,essentially remindingthe reader they are reading a book,the author is said to have“violated theaesthetic distance.”The notion of aesthetic distance derives from an article byWilliam Bullough published in 1912.In that article,he begins with the imageof a passenger on a ship observing fog at sea.If the passenger thinks of thefog in terms of danger to the ship,the experience is not aesthetic,but toregard the beautiful scene in detached wonder is to take legitimate aestheticattitude.One must feel,but not too much.Bullough writes,“Distance isobtained by separating the object and its appeal from ones own self,byputting it out of gear with practical needs and ends.Thereby thecontemplation of the object becomes alone possible.Authors of film,fiction,drama,and poetry evoke different levels ofaesthetic distance.For instance,William Faulkner tends to invoke a closeaesthetic distance by using first-person narrative and stream ofconsciousness,while Ernest Hemingway tends to invoke a greater aestheticdistance from the reader through use of third person narrative.4.Ambiguity is an attribute of any concept,idea,statement or claimwhose meaning,intention or interpretation cannot bedefinitively resolved according to a rule or process consisting of a finitenumber of steps.The concept of ambiguity is generally contrasted with vagueness.Inambiguity,specific and distinct interpretations are permitted(although somemay not be immediately apparent),whereas with information that is vague,itis difficult to form any interpretation at the desired level of specificity.Context may play a role in resolving ambiguity.For example,the samepiece of information may be ambiguous in one context and unambiguous inanother.5.A paradox is a statement that apparently contradicts itself and yetmight be true.Most logical paradoxes are known tobe invalid arguments but are still valuable in promoting critical thinking.Some paradoxes have revealed errors in definitions assumed to berigorous,and have caused axioms of mathematics and logic to be re-examined.One example is Russells paradox,which questions whether a“listof all lists that do not contain themselves”would include itself,and showedthat attempts to found set theory on the identification of sets with propertiesor predicates were flawed.Others,such as Currys paradox,are not yetresolved.Examples outside logic include the Ship of Theseus from philosophy(questioning whether a ship repaired over time by replacing each of itswooden parts would remain the same ship).Paradoxes can also take the formof images or other media.For example,M.C.Escher featured perspective-based paradoxes in many of his drawings,with walls that are regarded asfloors from other points of view,and staircases that appear to climbendlessly.In common usage,the word“paradox”often refers to statements that areironic or unexpected,such as“the paradox that standing is more tiring thanwalking”.II.Essay Questions and Literary Analysis1.There are many reasons as to why Hamlet might be delaying therevenge.One of Hamlets many reasons could be thathe is afraid of the consequence after killing.He worries that the killingwill cause turbulence to his country.He can not decide to take such revenge.Hamlet is quite religious seeing that he fears his fait if murdering Claudiusduring his prayer,“Now might I do it pat,now he is a-praying,and now Illdot-and so goes to heaven,and am I reneged.That would be scanned.Avillain kills my father,and for that,I his sole son do this same villain send toHeaven.”This shows the audience that Hamlet is religious and that he fearsthe result of killing,Hamlet knows that if he kills Claudius while he prays,Claudius will go to heaven,and Hamlet will have to suffer the sin of killing.Another reason as to why Hamlet postponed the revenge,could be that hedidnt want to hurt his mother Gertrude,especially after his father warnedhim not to hurt her in any way“I will speak daggers to her but use non”,thisindicates Hamlets protection over his mother,he will“speak in daggers”talkto her with a sharp tone but“use non”to hurt his mother.It could be said thatHamlet didnt want to kill Claudius because he didnt want to see his mothersuffer a loss of another loved one.2.Enlightenment refers to a progressive intellectual movementbeginning in France and then spread throughout Europe.It is an expression ofstruggle of the then progressive class of bourg