北京大学考博英语历年真题及详解.pdf

目录2013年北京大学考博英语真题及详解2012年北京大学考博英语真题及详解2011年北京大学考博英语真题及详解【听力音频】2010年北京大学考博英语真题及详解2009年北京大学考博英语真题及详解2008年北京大学考博英语真题及详解2007年北京大学考博英语真题及详解【听力音频】2006年北京大学考博英语真题及详解【听力音频】2005年北京大学考博英语真题及详解2004年北京大学考博英语真题及详解【听力音频】2003年北京大学考博英语真题及详解【听力音频】2013年北京大学考博英语真题及详解Part One:Listening Comprehension(略)Part Two:Structure and Written Expression(15%)Directions:For each question decide which of the four choices givenwill most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked.Mark your choices on the ANSWER SHEET.11.Prince Charles,the longest-waiting _ to the throne in Britishhistory,has spoken of his impatience to get things done.A.heirB.heirshipC.heritageD.heiress12.Love was in the air in a Tokyo park as normally staid Japanesehusbands gathered to scream out their feelings for their wives,promisingA【答案】句意：英国史上等待继位时间最长的王位继承人查尔斯王子近日谈到他已经“等不起”了。heir继承人；后嗣。heirship继承权，继承人的地位。heritage遗产；传统；继承物。heiress女继承人。【解析】_ and extra tight hugs.A.attitudeB.multitudeC.gratitudeD.latitude13.The number of stay-at-home fathers reached a record high last year,new figures show,as families saw a _ in female breadwinners.A.raiseB.riseC.ariseD.increase14.The market for dust masks and air purifiers is _ in BeijingC【答案】句意：东京一座公园的上空涌动着绵绵爱意，因为平时成熟稳重的日本丈夫聚集到一起，对妻子大声喊出了心里的爱意，表达感激，还纷纷献上拥抱。gratitude感谢（的心情）；感激。multitude群众；多数。latitude纬度；界限；活动范围。【解析】B【答案】句意：新数据显示，随着养家女性的增多，去年居家父亲的数量又创新高。因此该空应填入有“增加”之意的increase。【解析】because the capital has been shrouded for several days in thick fog and haze.A.boomingB.loomingC.doomingD.zooming15.Traditional fairytales are being ditched by parents because they aretoo _ for their young children,a study found.A.scareB.scaryC.searedD.scarredA【答案】句意：近几日北京持续被浓重雾霾笼罩，市场上防尘口罩和空气净化器的销量剧增。boom快速发展，繁荣。loom可怕地出现；朦胧地出现。doom注定；判定；宣判。zoom急速上升；摄象机移动。【解析】B【答案】句意：一项研究发现，父母们开始摒弃传统的童话故事，因为它们对年幼的孩子来说太吓人。scary可怕的；恐怖的；吓人的。scare主要作名词和动词，作形容词时意为“骇人的”。seared为sear的过去式和过去分词形式，意为“烧焦”。scarred伤痕累累，有疤痕的。【解析】16.It has been revealed that nearly one in five degree courses has been_ since the tripling of tuition fees to 9,000 a year.A.scratchedB.scrapedC.scrabbledD.scrapped17.Microsoft founder Bill Gates has _ about being a parent,statingthat 13 is an appropriate age for a childs first cell phone.A.opened upB.taken upC.put upD.held upD【答案】句意：据透露，自从学费上涨到原来的三倍，达到一年9000英镑，已有近五分之一的学位课程被削减掉。scrap意为“废弃；取消；抛弃”，其过去分词形式为scrapped，因此正确答案为D项。scratch抓；刮；乱涂。scrabble在上乱涂；在上乱扒。【解析】A【答案】句意：微软公司创始人比尔盖茨近日坦露了他的为父之道，他认为13岁是孩子拥有第一部手机的合适年龄。open up有“畅谈；无拘无束地谈；自由自在地谈”之意，符合句意。take up拿起；开始从事；占据(时间，地方)。put up提供；建造；举起。hold up举起；阻【解析】18.Sales of mushrooms have hit an all-time high as Britons increasinglyturn to the cheap,and _ foodstuff for their cooking.A.versatileB.multipleC.manifoldD.diverse19.Gangnam Style,the _ popular song from South Koreanrecording artist PSY has just become the most watched video on YouTubeever.A.sanelyB.insanelyC.rationallyD.insatiably挡；拦截。A【答案】句意：因为越来越多的英国人转而选择这种廉价、多用途的食材来做菜，蘑菇销量创下了历史新高。versatile有多种用途的；多功能的。multiple多重的；多样的；许多的。manifold多方面的；各式各样的。【解析】B【答案】20.The _ British theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking once saidin an interview that heaven is a fairy story for people afraid of the dark.A.imposingB.loftyC.prominentD.eminent21.Some might consider it an ugly truth that attractive people are oftenmore successful than those _ blessed with looks.A.lessB.more句意：“江南Style”，韩国唱片艺人朴载相的这首疯狂流行的歌曲MV已成为YouTube史上观看最多的视频。insanely疯狂地；狂暴地；精神错乱地。sanely稳健地；心智健全地；理智地。rationally理性地；讲道理地。insatiably贪得无厌地；无法满足地。【解析】D【答案】句意：英国著名理论物理学家史蒂芬霍金曾在一次采访中称天堂是为害怕黑暗的人编造的童话。eminent和prominent都有“杰出的”之意，但其区别在于eminent是建立在技巧、学识和公众认可度的基础上，而prominent则是强调“出名”和“地位很重要”，因此本句中eminent更合适。imposing壮观的；威风的；给人深刻印象的。lofty高的；崇高的；高傲的。因此答案选D。解析】C.mostD.least22._ they think it will come to an end through the hands of God,ora natural disaster or a political event,whatever the reason,nearly 15 percentof people worldwide think the end of the world is coming,according to a newpoll.A.EitherB.WhetherC.NeitherD.IfA【答案】句意：长相漂亮的人通常比相貌平平的人更成功，这也许在某些人看来是丑陋的事实。be blessed with指“在方面有福气，幸运地享有”，根据句意可知，空格处指的是相对于长得漂亮的人而言相貌平凡的人，因此应填入less。【解析】B【答案】句意：一项民意检测显示：不管是认为世界会在上帝手里终结，还是认为世界将因自然灾害或政治事件毁灭，无论何种原因，全球有七分之一的人认为世界末日即将来临。whether和either均可与or搭配，whetheror指“不管是还是”。eitheror表示两者之间的选择，指“不是便是；要么要么”。根据语境可知，此处应该选whether。【解析】23.The European Parliament has banned the terms Miss and Mrs_ they offend female member.A.as long asB.the momentC.so thatD.in case24.Packed like sardines into sweaty,claustrophobic subway carriages,passengers can barely breathe,_ move about freely.A.as well asB.disregard forC.let aloneD.not mentioning25.Japan is one of only three countries that now hunt whales and _D【答案】句意：欧洲议会禁止使用“Miss（小姐）”和“Mrs（夫人）”称呼女性，以免冒犯女性议员。in case免得；以防。【解析】C【答案】句意：车厢内挤得像沙丁鱼罐头一样，汗臭和幽闭的车厢让人几乎无法呼吸，更不用说自如走动了。let alone更不必说；听任；不打扰。【解析】the government says it is an important cultural tradition.A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.wherePart Three:Cloze Test(15%)Directions:Read the following passage carefully and decide the bestchoice for each numbered blank.Mark your choices on the ANSWERSHEET.Ironically,the intellectual tools currently being used by the politicalright to such harmful effect originated on the left.In the 1960s and 1970s aphilosophical movement called postmodernism developed,among humanitiesprofessors(26)_ being deposed by science,which they regarded asright-leaning.Postmodernism(27)_ ideas from cultural anthropologyand relativity theory to argue that truth is(28)_ and subject to theassumption and prejudices of observer.Science is just one of many ways ofknowing,they argued,neither more nor less _(29)than others,likeD【答案】句意：日本是目前全球仅有的还在捕鲸的三个国家之一，而且日本政府表示捕鲸是该国重要的文化传统。该空及之后内容作定语成分修饰one of only three countries，由于the government says it is animportant cultural tradition句子成分完整，因此该空应填入关系副词where表示地点。【解析】those of Aborigines,Native Americans or women.(30)_ they definedscience as the way of knowing among Western white men and a tool ofcultural(31)_.This argument(32)_ with many feminists and civil-rights activists and became widely adopted,leading to the“politicalcorrectness”justifiably(33)_ by Rush Limbaugh and the“mentalmasturbation”lampooned by Woody Allen.Acceptance of this relativistic worldview(34)_ democracy andleads not to tolerance but to authoritarianism.John Locke,one of Jeffersonstrinity of three greatest men,showed(35)_ almost three centuries ago.Locke watched the arguing factions of Protestantism,each claiming to be theone true religion,and asked:How do we know something to be true?What isthe basis of knowledge?In 1689 he(36)_ what knowledge is and how itis grounded in observations of the physical world in An Essay ConcerningHuman Understanding.Any claim that fails this test is but faith,or opinion,but not knowledge.It was this idea that the world is knowable and thatobjective,empirical knowledge is the most(37)_ basis for public policythat stood as Jeffersons foundational argument for democracy.By falsely(38)_ knowledge with opinion,postmodernists andantiscience conservative alike collapse our thinking back to a pre-Enlightenment era,leaving no common basis for public policy.Publicdiscourse is(39)_ to endless warring opinions,none seen as more validthan another.Policy is determined by the loudest voices,reducing us to aworld in which might(40)_ rightthe classic definition ofauthoritarianism.26.A.satisfied with Bangry with C.displeased at D.proud of27.A.discounted B.doubted C.adopted D.shared28.A.objective B.subjective C.cultural D.relative29.A.variable B.valid C.valuable D.various30.A.However B.Therefore C.Otherwise D.Furthermore31.A.assimilation B.inhibition C.representation D.oppression32.A.resonated B.agreed C.appealed D.responded33.A.liked B.approved C.verified D.hated34.A.offsets B.produces C.undermines D.strengthens35.A.when B.what C.why D.which36.A.found B.defined C.dictated D.claimed37.A.practical B.equal C.useful D.equitable38.A.identifying B.equipping C.equating D.confusing39.A.deduced B.introduce C.conduced D.reduced40.A.decides B.causes C.makes D.creates【答案与解析】26.C 根据上下文可知，此处指“后现代主义运动是在不满于的人文学科教授之间所兴起的”。be displeased at对感到不快，对生气。27.C 此处指“后现代主义采纳了文化人类学和相对论的思想”。adopt采取，采纳。28.D 根据语境可知，此处指“后现代主义认为真理是相对的，会被观察者自身的假设和偏见所影响”，因此答案选D。29.B 本句指“后现代主义者认为科学只是众多认知方式中的一种，并不比其他方式更加合理或更加不合理”。valid有根据的，正当的，合理的。30.D 本句进一步说明了后现代主义者的观点“而且，他们把科学定义为西方白人的认知方式和一种文化压迫工具”。因此本题选D项。31.D 根据上题解析，可知本题应选D项的oppression（压迫；压制）。assimilation同化；吸收。inhibition抑制；压抑；禁止。32.A 本句指：该论述引起了众多女权主义者和民权人士的共鸣，从而得到广泛采用。resonate with有特殊意义，引起共鸣。33.D 根据该空后and所连接后半部分提到的lampoon（讽刺），可知此处应填入与之表达含义相近的词，因此只有D项hated符合。34.C 该句and后指出“接受这种相对的世界观不会导致忍耐，而是独裁”，由此可推断该句讲述的是接受这种相对世界观的消极影响，因此该空应指的是“损害民主体制”。undermine破坏；侵蚀的基础；暗中破坏。offset抵消；补偿。35.C 根据上下文可知，此处指：几乎300年前，John Locke就表明了原因（即为何接受这种相对的世界观会损害民主，导致独裁）。36.B 根据上文提到的两个问题“我们何以确定某些事是真实的？知识的基础又是什么？”，可推测此处指John Locke在An Essay ConcerningHuman Understanding这篇文章中对知识进行了定义。因此defined符合上下文。37.D 此处指：该观点认为基于客观事实和经验的知识是制定国家政策的最公正的标准。equitable公平的，公正的；平衡法的。38.C 根据上下文可知，此处指“通过错误地将知识与观点等同起来，后现代主义者和科学无用论者使我们的思想又回到启蒙运动之前的水平”。equate使相等；视为平等。39.D 该句指“公开论述沦为无尽的观点冲突”。be reduced to为惯用搭配，意为“转化为；沦为；减少到”。40.C Might makes right强权即公理。Part Four:Reading Comprehension(20)Directions:Each of the following four passages is followed by somequestions or unfinished statements,four answers are given.Read the passagecarefully and choose the best answer to each question.Mark choice on theANSWER SHEET.Passage OneA considerable part of Facebook appeal stems from its miraculousfusion of distance with intimacy,or illusion of distance with the illusion ofintimacy.Our online communities become engines of self-image,and self-image becomes the engine of community.The real danger with Facebook isnot that it allows us to isolate ourselves,but that by mixing our appetite forisolation with our vanity,it threatens to alter the very nature of solitude.Thenew isolation is not of the kind that Americans once idealized,thelonesomeness of the proudly nonconformist,independent-minded,solitarystoic,or that of the astronaut who blasts into new worlds.Facebooksisolation is a grind.Whats truly staggering about Facebook usage is not itsvolume750 million photographs uploaded over a single weekendbut theconstancy of the performance it demands.More than half its usersand oneof every 13 people on Earth is a Facebook userlog on every day.Among18-to-34-year-olds,nearly half check Facebook minutes after waking up,and28 percent do so before getting out of bed.The relentlessness is what is sonew,so potentially transformative.Facebook never takes a break.We nevertake a break.Human beings have always created elaborate acts of self-presentation.But not all the time,not every morning,before we even pour acup of coffee.Nostalgia for the good old days of disconnection would not just bepointless,it would be hypocritical and ungrateful.But the very magic of thenew machines,the efficiency and elegance with which they serve us,obscures what isnt being served:everything that matters.What Facebook hasrevealed about human natureand this is not a minor revelationis that aconnection is not the same thing as a bond,and that instant and totalconnection is no salvation,no ticket to a happier,better world or a moreliberated version of humanity.Solitude used to be good for self-reflection andself-reinvention.But now we are left talking about who we are all the time,without ever really thinking about who we are.Facebook denies us a pleasurewhose profundity we had underestimated:the chance to forget aboutourselves for a while,the chance to disconnect.41.Which of the following statements regarding the power of Facebookcan be inferred from passage?A.It creates the isolation people want.B.It delivers a more friendly world.C.It produces intimacy people lack in the real world.D.It enables us to be social while avoiding the mess of humaninteraction.42.Which of the following statements about the underside of Facebookis supported by information contained in this passage?A.It imprisons people in the business of self-presentation.B.It causes social disintegration.C.It makes people vainer.D.It makes people lonelier.43.Which of the following best state“the new isolation”mentioned bythe author?A.It is full of the spirit of adventure.B.It is the extension of individualism.C.It has a touch of narcissism.D.It evolves from the appetite for independence.44.Which of the following belongs to the category of“something thatmatters”according to passage?A.Constant connectionB.Instant communicationC.Smooth sociabilityD.A human bond45.Which of the following conclusions about Facebook does the authorwant us to draw?A.It creates friendship.B.It denies us the pleasure of socializing.C.It opens a new world for us.D.It draws us into a paradox.【答案与解析】41.A 文章首句指出“A considerable part of Facebook appeal stemsfrom its miraculous fusion of distance with intimacy,or illusion of distancewith the illusion of intimacy”，可知Facebook之所以有如此大的魅力，原因之一就是其将距离和亲密，或者说距离的错觉和亲密的错觉结合在了一起。换句话说就是，Facebook使人们可以进行社交，但与此同时避免不必要的人际互动。因此D项可从文中推断出来。42.A 文章第一段最后一句指出“Human beings have always createdelaborate acts of self-presentation.But not all the time,not every morning,before we even pour a cup of coffee”，可知虽然人类一直在想法设法进行自我表现，但却没有像如今有Facebook了之后，时时刻刻想着展示自我。因此A项（Facebook将人们禁锢在自我表现的牢笼之中）符合文章内容。43.C “the new isolation”出现在第一段第四句，该句指出这种新的孤立不同于美国人曾经理想化的孤立，前一句提到“The real danger withFacebook is not thatbut that by mixing our appetite for isolation with ourvanity”，由vanity（虚荣心，浮华）可知这种由Facebook而生的新的孤立带有一点自恋的意味。因此答案选C。narcissism自恋，自我陶醉。44.D 文章第二段第二句指出Facebook的efficiency和elegance模糊了其无法提供给我们的东西，即everything that matters。随后下一句提到“What Facebook has revealed about human natureis that a connection isnot the same thing as a bond,and that instant and total connection is nosalvation,no ticket to a happier,better world or a more liberated version ofhumanity”，可知Facebook能给人们带来connection，却带不来真正的bond，因此正确答案为D项。45.D 该篇文章主要讲述到Facebook使人们获得了isolation，但人们却时时刻刻保持登录状态，想要自我表现。孤立原本可以使人们暂时忘却自我，进行反省和发现，但Facebook却使人们不断地想着人们自身的问题。由此可知作者想要读者得出“Facebook使我们陷入矛盾之中”的结论。故答案选D。Passage TwoMost scholars agree that Isaac Newton,while formulating the laws offorce and gravity and inventing the calculus in the late 1600s,probably knewall the science there was to know at the time.In the ensuing 350 years anestimated 50 million research papers and innumerable books have beenpublished in the natural sciences and mathematics.The modern high schoolstudent probably now possesses more scientific knowledge,than Newton did,yet science to many people seems to be an impenetrable mountain of facts.One way scientists have tried to cope with this mountain is by becomingmore and more specialized.Another strategy for coping with the mountain ofinformation is to largely ignore it.That shouldnt come as a surprise.Sure,you have to know a lot to be a scientist,but knowing a lot is not what makesa scientist.What makes a scientist is ignorance.This may sound ridiculous,but for scientists the facts are just a starting place.In science,every newdiscovery raises 10 new questions.By this calculus,ignorance will always grow faster than knowledge.Scientists and laypeople alike would agree that for all we have come to know,there is far more we dont know.More important,every day there is far morewe know w