2023年大一上英语笔记整理.doc

单词总结Bet 1. bet (sth) (on/against sth ) to risk money on a race or an event by trying to predict the result 下赌注（于） 用.打赌2. used to say that you are almost certain that sth is true or that sth will happen 敢说 八成二词语扩展Ill bet 1（表达理解）有同感 当然2（表达不相信对方的话） e.g: “Im going to tell her what I think of her.” “Yeah. Ill bet.” I wouldnt bet on it/dont bet on it. 不大也许 e.g:”shell soon get used to the idea.” “I wouldnt bet on it!”(很难说) You bet 中文解释 的确 当然 e.g:”are you nervous?” “you bet!”(这尚有说) You can bet your life/your bottom dollar （on sth/(that).）中文解释 肯定 毫无疑问 e.g: you can bet your bottom dollar that hell be late.（他肯定会迟到）Peer Noun 1. a person who is the same age r who has the same social status as you 身份或地位相同的人 同龄人 同辈 2. (in Britain) a member of the NOBILITY 英国的贵族成员 Verb (+adv/prep) to look closely or carefully at sth ,especially when you can not see it clearly.仔细端详Spectacle 1. spectacles 相称于 glasses2. a performance or a event that is very impressive and exciting to look at 精彩的表演，壮观的场面3. a sight or a view that is very impressive to look at 壮观的景象4. an unusual or surprising sight or situation that attract a lot of attention. 奇特的景象 出人意料之外的情况词语扩展Make a spectacle of yourself to draw attention of yourself by behaving or dressing in a ridiculous way in public 出洋相 出丑Spare Adj1. that is not being used or is not needed at the time 不用的 闲置的e.g:”Weve got a spare bedroom.”2. kept in case you need to replace that one you usually use 备用的 外加的3. available to do what you want with rather than work 空闲的 空余的4. thin and usually quite tall 瘦高的 瘦的Budge (通常由于否认句中)1. to move slightly;to make sth/sb move slightly （使）轻微移动 挪动2. to change your opinion on sth, to make sb change their opinion （使）改变观点，改变观点词语扩展Budge up to move so that there is room for other people 让开 挪开Hurl 1. to throw sth/sb in a particular direction 猛投 猛摔2. hurl abuse, accusations insults (at sb) 大声说出（辱骂或斥责等）3. to vomit 呕吐 Sound Adj 1. sensible that you can rely on and that will probably give good results 明智的 合理的 对的的 可靠的 2. good and thorough 透彻的 完备的 e.g: a sound knowledge 3. in good condition, not damaged hurt 完好的 健康的 无损伤的 未受伤的4. （usually before noun ）deep and peacefully 香甜的 酣畅的5. good and accurate but not the excellent 不错的 实实在在的 但不是最佳的 e.g: to have a sound night sleep 6. severe 严厉的 重的 e.g: to give sb a sound beating.痛打别人一顿Dare (既可以作情态动词也可以作实义动词)1 To be brave enough to do sth (通常不用于进行时中) 敢于 胆敢 e.g: He didnt dare (to) say what he thought.2 To persuade sb to do sth dangerous, difficult or embarrassing so that they can show that they are not afraid. 激（某人做某事），问（某人）有没有胆量（做某事）谅（某人）没胆量（做某事）e.g: Go on .i dare you! 来呀！我谅你也不敢。Come on 1. （of an actor）登台 上场 出场2. (of a player) （比赛中） 上场3. （用于命令）快 加油 加吧劲 4. 改善 改善 完善e.g:The project is coming on fine.5. (表达某人听说的话不对的)得了吧 e.g: Oh come on-you know that is not true. 咳 得了吧 你知道那不是真的。6. （通常用于进行时）（疾病或某种心情）开始e.g: I can feel a cold coming on. 我觉得自己要感冒了。7. （电视节目等）开始 e.g: What time does the news come on?8. 开始运作（或运营）e.g: Set the oven to come on at the six.9. come on/upon sb/sth 偶尔碰见 偶尔发现 Tease 1. to laugh at sb and make jokes about them either in a friendly way of in order to annoy or embarrass them 取笑 戏弄 寻开心2. to annoy an animal ,especially by touching it or pulling its tail 招惹 逗弄（动物）3. to make sb sexually exited especially when you dont intend to have sex with them 逗弄（异性） Cast Verb 1. to look ,smile, etc in a particular direction 向.投以(视线,笑容等)2. to make a light, a shadow, appear in a particular place 投射（光，影子等）3. 使人怀疑4. to throw one end of a Fishing line into a river 头（钓线） 抛（钓钩）5. sb(as sb) to choose actors to play the different parts in a film/movie 分派角色 选派角色6. a/your vote/ballot (for sb/sth )to vote for sb/sth 投票Noun1. (一出剧或电影的)全体演员2. 特性，特性3. 投 抛Issue Noun 1. an important topic that people are discussing or arguing about 重要的议题 争论的问题2. a problem or worry sb have sth （有关某事）问题担忧3. 一期 期号4. 发行 分发 e.g: I bought a set of new stamps on the date of issue.Indicate 1. 表白 显示e.g: Research indicates that peoples eating habits are changing fast.2. 象征 暗示 e.g: A red sky at night often indicates fine weather the next day.3. sth(to sb) 暗示 间接提及 示意4. sb/sth (to sb) to make sb notice especially by pointing or moving your head 指示 指出5. to represent information without using words 显示（信息） 标示6. to be necessary or recommended 有必要 被建议 Assure 1. sb (of sth ) to tell sb that sth is definitely true or is definitely going to happen ,especially when they have doubts about it 使确信 向.保证 2. yourself (of sb) 弄清 查明3. to make sth certain to happen 保证 使拟定4. especially against sbs death 保险（尤指人寿保险）Idle Adj 1. (of people) not working hard 懈怠的 懒惰的2. (of people) without work 没有工作的 闲散的3. (of machines, factories, etc ) not in use 闲置的Dwarf Noun 1. （神话故事中有魔法的）小矮人2. （现实生活中的）矮子 侏儒Adj (often before noun ) (of a plant or an animal)（植物或动物之前的）矮小的 VerbTo make sth seem small or unimportant compared with sb else 使显得矮小 使相形见绌Stiff Adj1. 不弯曲的（或活动的）硬的2. （指肌肉）僵硬的 一动就疼的3. 困难的 艰难的 严厉的 剧烈的 Adv(informal ) very much 非常 及其 Noun 死尸 VerbTo cheat sb or not pay them what you owe them especially by not leaving any money as a tip 诈骗 不给钱 （尤指）不给小费Pursue 1. to do sth or try to achieve sb over a period of time 追求 致力于 2. to continue to discuss, find out about or be involved in sth 继续探讨（或追究）从事3. to follow or chase sb/sth especially in order to catch them 追逐 跟踪 追赶短语总结1. walk home （走路）送人回家2. 部分俗语总结 a plain Jane 无杰出的长相 Jack of all rounds 三脚猫功夫（什么都会但是什么都不精） average Joe 平明老百姓 Uncle Sam 美国 Tohny One Note 五音不全3. have sb back 需要某人回来 4. read about/of sth (不用于进行时)读到 查阅到5. sign (签)draft(起草) +contract(合约)refine（润色）6. dwell on/upon 1) to think or talk a lot about sth, especially sth it would be better be forget 老师想着 唠叨（尤指最佳应忘掉的事）2) to look at sth for a long time 细看 凝视7. on a basis regular 有规律8. leave a message to 给某人留信息9. had better do sth 最佳去做某事（注意不加to）10. suggest doing sth 建议去做某事11. pay sb back (sth ) （向某人）还钱pay sb off 1)付清工资后解雇 遣散 2)用钱封某人的口 买通某人pay sth off 付清 偿清pay sb back (for sth) 报复 处罚12. make for 1. to move towards sth 向移动 2. to help to make sth possible 促成 make off to hurry away, especially in order to escape 匆忙离开（尤指）仓皇逃跑 make out 1 （询问是否解决得当）应付 度过 e.g: How did he make out while his wife is away?” 2 区别 3 write out or complete 填写 完毕 make up 1 化妆 上妆 2 resolve 解决问题或困难 3 to put sth together from several different things 拼装 组成 make for compensate 补偿 填补13. grind sth out to produce sth in large quantities often sth that is not good or interesting 大量生产（尤指粗制滥造）14. on one occasion once 15. on occasion 偶尔 偶尔16. raise to occasion 解决问题很自如17. long for sb/sth (尤指对看似不会不久发生的事)渴望18. ill at ease 不安 不自在19. men of letter 有学问的人20. be mania for sth/ for doing sth （通常指许多人共有的）强烈的欲望 狂热 极大的热情21. at the wheel 在车上 the third wheel “电灯泡” wheel and deal 协商 faithful to the truth 真实的22. be alien to 背道而驰23. do ones bit to do/ for 尽本分做某事24. at ones presence 当着某人的面25. at sbs wits end 没办法 没招了26. at the peak of 在.的高峰27. be obsess with 着迷28. roar towards 轰隆隆地29. to the extent 达成的限度30. at the rate of 以的速度31. move upon 进逼32. major city 意为 大城市33. se-sensitive 敏感的 sensible 明智的 sensual 感官的 sensuous 愉悦感官的 sentimental 情感的(而非理性的)词义辨析Tournament and Match Tournament 指的事一系列的比赛而match 指的事一场比赛At the completion and After completing 前者指的是短时间的 short time 而后者指的时间长度可长可短Historic and historical 前者指的是在历史上值得纪念的事情notable or memorable in history 后者指的是属于历史的belong to history Peer at and Peep at and Peek at Peer at 指的是看不清而凑近了仔细看 peep at 指的是（尤指通过小孔）窥视 偷看peek at 是指 to look at sth quickly and secretly because you should not be looking at it 窥视 偷看Punch and Pound 前者指的是敲击的很用力forcefully 后者更强调反复击打 连续砰砰地敲击英文解释是 to hit sth/sb hard many times especially in a way that makes a lot of noise Slap and Smack 前者着重打脸后者着重打屁股Change and Transform and Alter Change 指的事方方面面的改变 Transform 指的是性格，功能上的改变 Alter 指的是(使)改变Receive and Accept and Obtain Receive 指的是被动的收到 Accept 指的是积极地接受 Obtain 指的是努力之后得到Separate and Isolated and Individual and Solitary Separate指的是积极地分开Isolated（指建筑物或地方）偏远的Individual指的是分开的一种状态Solitary（带有感情色彩的）孤僻On average and on an average 前者指的是一般来讲 后者指平均的Oppose and Deny and Offend Oppose指反对Deny指否认Offend指冒犯Collect and Gather and Accumulate and Assemble Collect指的是收集同一类的东西Gather指的是范围最为广泛的收集Accumulate指的是长时间的积累Assemble指的是把分散的东西集合在一起 Originate and Initiate and Inaugurate and Start Originate指的是起源和发展尚有创建和发明的意思其英文解释是to create sth new Initiate有开始发明创建的意思其英文解释是to make sth new Inaugurate的意思是引进开创开始其英文解释是to introduce a new development or an important change Start的意思也有开始着手 动手其英文解释是to begin doing or using sth 与笑有光的几个单词辨析Giggle verb （at/about sb/sth ）to laugh in a silly way because you are amused, embarrassed or nervous （因感到有趣，窘迫或紧张而）咯咯地笑 傻笑Titler verb to laugh quietly, especially in a nervous or embarrassed way (尤指紧张或尴尬)傻笑，嗤嗤的笑 窃笑Beam verb (sth) (at sb) to have a big happy smile on your face 笑容满面 眉开眼笑Grin verb (at sb) to smile widely 露齿的笑 咧着嘴笑Chuckle verb (at/about sth ) to laugh quietly 低声轻笑轻声的笑Snicker noun/verb a quiet unpleasant laugh, especially at sth rude or at sbs problems or mistakes 窃笑 暗笑Snigger 同snickerSneer verb （at sb/sth）to show that you have no respect for sb by the expression on your face or by the way you speak 嘲笑 讥讽 嗤笑To and Through and Along To 意为“向，往，给”仅在表达钟点的时候在其后接表达时间的短语 Through 意为“通过，经由”一般用于表达方式 Along意为“顺着 沿着”后面一般接道路等词语Barely and Really and Ever Barely意为“仅仅，刚刚，几乎不能”一般表达否认的意思Really意为“真正的，事实上”一般用来表达强调Ever意为“曾经，永远，究竟”一般用于表达时间或强调Growth and Raise and Addition and Extension Growth可以指人口的增长Raise意为“上升，饲养，筹集”重要指位置的提高Addition意为“增长，加法”常用于短语 in addition to 意为“之外，并且” Extension意为“延长，扩充”重要指范围的扩大Load and Restraint Load意为“承担，重担” Restraint意为“克制，克制”Wealth and Treasure Wealth指“财富”一般用来表达钱财或其他物质上的财产Treasure专门用来表达宝藏，财宝也可以表达珍爱的人和事物Common and Conventional and Ordinary and Frequent Common意为“普遍的 常见的” Conventional意为“惯例的 常规的” Ordinary意为“平常的，普通的，平凡的” Frequent意为“时常发生的，频率的”表达频率的高低Major and Essential and Prior Major“重要的，重要的” Essential意为“本质的，实质的，基本的” Prior意为“优先的，在前的” prior to 在.之前 Conveyed and Entered and Exhausted and Consumed Conveyed意为 传达，运送Entered意为进入，登记Exhausted意为耗尽，用尽Consumed意为消费，消耗 Rescue and Forbid and Offend Rescue意为 营救，救援 一般接人作宾语Forbid意为 严禁，阻止常用于forbid sb to do sth 这一结构中 Offend 意为“冒犯，触犯”常用人作宾语Disturbed and Depressed and Amused and Amazed Disturbed意为 扰乱的，受到干扰的Depressed意为 忧郁的Amused意为 愉悦的，被逗乐的，一般表达对某种有趣的可笑的事情做出反映Amazed意为“惊奇的，惊讶的”Contain and Retain and Attain and Maintain Contain意为包含，具有Retain意为 保持，保存Attain意为实现，获得Maintain意为维持，保持Interfere and Reckon and Rest Interfere 意为干涉，干扰Reckon意为估计 后面常接to be 结构Rest 意为休息，依赖 后面常接介词on 意为依靠，依赖Impact and Outcome and Function and Commitment Impact常用于短语make a big impact on “对产生巨大的影响” Outcome意为结果，结局Function意为功能，用途Commitment承诺新闻中的常见词语idassist（帮助，援助）alterchange or modify（改变）askinquire（询问）assaildenounce（谴责）axedismissreduce（解雇，减少）balkimpede（阻碍）banprohibit or forbid（严禁）barprevent（防止，阻止）bareexpose or reveal（暴露，揭露）blastexplode（爆炸）begincommence（开始）bidattempt（努力）bilkcheat（欺骗）boltdesert or abandon（放弃）boostincrease（增长，提高）checkexamine（检查）claimause the death of（夺去的生命）clashdisagree strong1y（发生分歧，争议）curbcontrol or restrict（控制）dipdecline or decrease（下降）easelessen（减轻，缓和）endterminate（结束，中止）flaycriticize（批评）floutinsult（欺侮）foilprevent from（阻止，防止）grill investigate（调查）gutdestroy（摧毁）headdirect（率领）holdarrest（逮捕）laudpraise（赞扬）lopdiminish（下降，减少）mapwork out（制订）markcelebrate（庆祝）nameappointnominate（命名，提名）mootdiscuss（讨论）mullconsider（考虑）nabarrest（逮捕）nipdefeat（击败）easelessen（减轻，缓和）endterminate（结束，中止）flaycriticize（批评）floutinsult（欺侮）foilprevent from（阻止，防止）grill investigate（调查）gutdestroy（摧毁）headdirect（率领）holdarrest（逮捕）laudpraise（赞扬）lopdiminish（下降，减少）mapwork out（制订）markcelebrate（庆祝）nameappointnominate（命名，提名）mootdiscuss（讨论）mullconsider（考虑）nabarrest（逮捕）nipdefeat（击败）slaymurder（谋杀）soarskyrocket（急剧上升）spurencourage（激励，鞭策）swapexchange（交流，互换）swayinfluence（影响）trimreduce（削减）viecompete（竞争）vowdetermine（决心，发誓）weighconsider（考虑）wooseek to win（争取，追求1.schedule 时间表2.skip 跳，略过3.make sense 讲得通，故意义4.fall shorts of ones expectation 出呼某人的意料5.cater to 迎合，款待6.supervisor 监督者，管理者7.speak highly of 评价高8.a million things to do 许多事情要做9.discount 折扣10.coundnt have played worse/couldnt agree more玩得不能再差一点了/不能再多批准一点了11.I understand the way you feel 我了解你的感受12.go in one ear and out the other 一个耳朵听另一个耳朵冒出来13.distractions 分心14.I wish I could help 但愿我能帮助15.submit 屈从，忍受16.staff/stuff n.全体职工 vt.为.配备人员/材料17.register 登记，注册18.deadline 最后期限19.benefit 受益20.Are you kidding 你在开玩笑吗21.credit 信用，信誉22.otherwise 否则23.budget your money 预算开支24.put in(a lot hours) 花费，支出25.its up to you 取决于你，由你决定26.deserve(honor) 应受，应得，值得27.maintenance man 维修工28.stack of papers 很多文献29.out of the way(remote)30.do with/do without新闻中常出现的经济类英语词汇（很实用）出租车起步价 flag down fare法定准备金率 required reserve ratio实体经济 real economy 虚拟经济 fictitious economy反盗版 anti-piracy 知识产权 intellectual property rights出口退税 tax rebates 人民币升值 the yuans appreciation信贷紧缩 credit crunch 次贷危机 subprime mortgage rate 最优惠贷款利率 prime rate翻盖手机 flip/clamshell 滑盖手机 slide phone 直板手机 bar phone经济合用房 economically affordable house安居工程 housing project for low-income urban residents住房保障制度 housing security system大宗交易系统 block trading system 竞价交易系统 bid trading system暴利税 windfall tax整容手术 cosmetic surgery (face lifting)双眼皮手术 double eyelid operation 鼻子手术 nose job从紧的货币政策 tight monetary policy宽松的货币政策 easy monetary policy审慎的财政政策 prudent fiscal policy油价飙升 oil prices surge原油价飙升 crude oil prices surge石油输出国组织 organization of the petroleum exporting countries(OPEC)原油储备 crude oil stockpiles轻质原油 light sweet crude使人均GDP翻两番 to quadruple per capita GDP股权收购、股权投资 stake purchase ;take stakes世界巡演 worldwide tour 复出巡演 comeback tour个体工商户 selfemployed people房屋中介 letting agent 保险经纪人 insurance agent 地产经纪人 estate agent直销 direct selling 传销 pyramid selling漫游费 roaming fee 单向收费 one -way charge 来电免