1、电白县第一中学高三英语冲刺阶段查漏补缺专项电白一中高三英语组 贾海宁 整顿(-5)第一节、不规则动词变化备注:在平时考试和练习中,学生在语法填空和写作中浮现了相称多单词拼写错漏,严重影响得分,非常可惜。笔者把近年收集到学生拼写错误率高单词整顿出来,但愿能助即将参加高考高三学生一臂之力。人们一定要熟悉这些词汇对的拼读。一、AAA型:即原形、过去式和过去分词等三式都相似。broadcast(广播)- broadcast / broadcasted (过去式) - broadcast/ broadcasted (过去分词) burst(爆发,突然发作)-burst-burstcast(撒,扔,抛)-
2、 cast - cast cost(耗费)-cost-costcut(剪,切,割)-cut-cuthit(打,撞击)-hit-hithurt(伤害,受伤)-hurt-hurtlet(让)-let-let,put(放,摆)-put-putread(读,朗读)-read-read set(安顿,释放)-set-setshut (关闭,合拢) -shut-shutsplit(切开,撕开)-split-splitspread (展开,延伸) -spread-spread注意: read-read-read发音分别是ri-red-red,别的动词三式读音相似。二、ABA型:即动词过去分词与原形是同样。b
3、ecome(变得,成为)-became-becomecome(来,来到)-came-comerun(奔跑,褪色)-ran-runovercome-overcame-overcome三、ABB型:即动词过去式和过去分词相似。1、单词末尾字母-d改为-t。如:bend (使弯曲) -bent-bentbuild (建筑,造) -built-builtlend(借出)-lent-lentsend(打发,送,邮寄)-sent-sent,spend(耗费,度过)-spent-spent2、原形最后一种字母改为t。如:lose(失去,丢失)-lost-lostsmell(嗅,闻到,发出气味)- smell
4、edsmelt (过去式) -smelledsmelt (过去分词)spell (拼写)-spelt/spelled (过去式) -spelt/spelled (过去分词)3、原形后加一种字母t。如:burn (燃烧,着火) -burnt/burned (过去式) -burnt/burned (过去分词),dream(做梦)-dreameddreamt (过去式) -dreameddreamt (过去分词)learn (学习,学会) -learnedlearnt (过去式) -learnedlearnt,(过去分词) mean(意指,意思是)-meant-meant4、原形中双e变单e。如:b
5、leed (出血,流血)-bled-bledfeed(喂,饲养)-fed-fedmeet(碰见,见到)-met-metspeed (迅速迈进,迅速运营)-sped/speeded (过去式) -sped/speeded(过去分词)5、原形中ee去掉一种字母e,然后在词尾加t。如:feel (觉得,触摸)-felt-felt keep (保持,保存)-kept-keptsleep(睡觉)-slept-sleptsweep(扫,扫除)-swept-sweptweep (哭泣,流泪)-wept-wept6、过去式和过去分词都以-aught或-ought结尾动词。如:catch (抓住,赶上)-cau
6、ght-caughtteach(教,教书)-taught-taughtbring(拿来,带来,取来)-brought-broughtbuy(买)-bought-boughtfight(打架,打架)-fought-foughtseek (探寻,争取)-sought-soughtthink(想,以为,考虑)-thought-thought注意:原形中有字母a为-aught,其她是-ought。7、以-ay结尾动词,在过去式和过去分词中把-ay变成-aid。如:lay(放,搁)-laid-laid, pay(付钱,给报酬)-paid-paidsay(说,讲)-said-said8、原形中字母i改为o
7、。例如:win (赢,获胜)-won-won shine (照耀,发光,擦亮)-shone/ shined-shone / shined9、原形中字母i改为a。例如:sit(坐)-sat-sat, spit(吐痰)-spat-spat10、原形中an变为oo。例如:misunderstand (误会,不理解)-misunderstood-misunderstoodstand(站立,忍受,坐落) -stood-stood understand(明白,理解,懂得)-understood-understood 11、原形中-ell变成-old。如:retell(复述,重讲)-retold-retol
8、d sell(卖,出售)-sold-soldtell (讲述,告诉,吩咐)-told-told12、原形中间元音字母变成u。如:dig(挖,掘)-dug-dug ,stick(粘住钉住,坚持)-stuck-stuck,hang(悬挂,吊)-hung-hung,swing(摆动,舞动)-swung-swung,13、其他变化形式。如:find(找到,发现)-found-found(比较:foundfoundedfounded 建立,成立)flee(逃跑)-fled-fledget (成为,得到,到达)-got-got have(有,吃,喝,进行)-had-hadhear(听见,得知,据说)-he
9、ard-heard hold(握住,举办)-held-held lead(领导,带领)-led-ledleave(离开,遗留,剩余)-left-leftlight(点燃)-lit/lighted-lit/lightedmake(制造,做,使得)-made-madeshoot(射击,发射)-shot-shotslide (滑行,滑动)-slid-slidstrike(侵袭,打火)-struck-struck/strickenwind (缠绕,蜿蜒,弯曲)-wound-wound四、ABC型:即原形、过去式和过去分词各不相似。1、原形中具有字母i,在过去式中变为a,在过去分词中变为u。如:begi
10、n(开始,着手)-began-begundrink(喝,饮)-drank-drunkring(响铃,打电话)-rang-rungsing(唱歌)-sang-sung sink(下沉,消沉)-sank-sunkswim(游泳)-swam-swum 2、以字母ow或aw结尾动词,在过去式中变成ew,过去分词则在原形后加-n。如:blow (吹,刮风,吹气)-blew-blown,grow (成长,种植,变成)-grew-grown,know(懂得,结识,理解)-knew-known, throw(投,掷,扔)-threw-thrown,draw(绘画,拖,拉)-drew-drawnfly (飞,飘
11、)-flew-flown(比较:show (展示;表白) -showed -showed/shown slow (减慢)slowedslowed)注意:为了便于记忆,咱们将fly (飞,飘)-flew-flown也归纳到这里。3、原形-ear,过去式-ore,过去分词-orn。如:bear(承担,承受,忍受)-bore-born/borne tear(扯破,撕开)-tore-tornwear(穿,戴)-wore-worn4、过去分词是在原形词尾加-n或-en。如:arise (升起,浮现)-arose-risenbe (是)-was/were-beenbeat (敲打,跳动,打赢)-beat-
12、beatendrive(驾驶,驱赶)-drove-driven(但:dive (跳水)diveddived)eat (吃)-ate-eatenfall (落下,倒)-fell-fallenforsee (预见,预知)-forsaw-forseenforgive (原谅,宽恕)-forgave-forgivengive(给,付出,递给)-gave-given mistake(弄错,搞混)-mistook-mistakenrise(上升,上涨)-rose-risensee(看见,领略,拜会)-saw-seensew(缝补,缝制)-sewed-sewn/sewedshake(震动,动摇)-shook
13、-shakenshave(刮)-shaved-shaven/shavedshow(出示,显示)-showed-shown/showedsow(播种)-sowed-sown/sowedtake(拿走,耗费,服用,乘坐)-took-taken特殊:bite (咬,叮)-bit-bittenforbid(禁止,不许)-forbade-forbiddenhide (隐藏,躲藏)-hid-hiddenrewrite(重写)- rewrote-rewrittenride (骑,乘车)-rode-riddenwrite(写,著述)-wrote-written5、过去分词是在过去式背面-n或-en。如:awa
14、ke (唤醒)-awoke-awoken,break(打破,损坏,撕开)-broke-broken,choose(选取)-chose-chosen,freeze(结冰)-froze-frozen,speak(说,讲,发言)-spoke-spoken,forget(忘掉)-forgot-forgotten,steal(偷盗,窃取)-stole-stolen,wake(唤醒,醒来)-woke-woken6、其她变化形式动词。如:do(做,干)-did-done,go(去,到达)-went-gone,lie(躺,平放,位于)-lay-lain,rewind(倒带,倒片,重绕)-rewound-rew
15、ound五、AAB型,即原形、过去式是同样,过去分词不同。beat (击,打败) -beat -beaten六、情态动词:有过去式,但没有过去分词。can(能,会)-could,may(可以,也许)-mightmust (必要)-must,shall(将,会)-should,will(将,乐意)-would七、有两种形式过去式和过去分词,有些意义不同,要注意辨别。hang -hanged -hanged 吊死 (hang -hung -hung 悬挂)light -lit -lit 点燃 (light-lighted -lighted 常作前置定语)lie -lied -lied 说谎(比较:
16、lie (位于;躺)lay lain; lay (下蛋;放) laid -laid )show -showed -showed/shown给看learn-learned/learnt-learned/learnt 学(learned可作形容词,“博学”)spell -spelled/spelt -spelled/spelt 拼burn -burned/burnt -burned/burnt 烧smell -smelled/smelt -smelled/smelt 闻shine -shined/shone -shined/shone 照耀dream -dreamed/dreamt -dreame
17、d/dreamt 做梦wake -woke/waked -woken/waked 醒hide -hid -hid/hidden 躲藏第二节、高中英语最易浮现拼写错误单词总结第一类 记忆混淆1. 漏字母 (单词拼写漏掉字母,这是最常用错误类型) 错误对的错误对的错误对的leadshipleadershipsatelitesatellitepresurepressureforheadforeheadfamilarfamiliarcomandcommandnecesarynecessaryintrestinterestmirormirrorquarelquarrelbalonballoonbargi
18、nbargaininteruptinterruptpilowpillowcentrycenturyadressaddressgovermentgovernmentofficalofficialtempraturetemperaturepronouciationpronunciationarestarrestpersonalypersonallypermisionpermissionpaternpatterncariagecarriageexcelentexcellentenviromentenvironment2. 多字母 ( 受某些思维定势影响,在单词中插入多余字母) 错误对的错误对的错误对
19、的atomosphereatmosphereThursedayThursdaylighteninglightningregularilyregularlyninethninthwrittingwritingsimiliarsimilaragainestagainst备注:writewritingwrote written(认真比较拼写方式)alltogetheraltogetherfourtyforty3. 错字母 (书写单词时无意识地拼错字母) 错误对的错误对的错误对的spendedsplendidcanelcannelguidenceguidanceproffesserprofessoro
20、rdineryordinaryacteractorchockchokestandedstandardtechniceltechnicalexpenceexpensemonitermonitorpassegepassageindependantindependentcamalcamelpardenpardonscenarysceneryconssultentconsultantgrammergrammar注意:1、send、spend、hold学生常分不清它们原形、过去式和过去分词,因而乱用。请紧记:sendsentsent; spendspentspent; holdheldheld2、混淆l
21、ie/lay过去式和过去分词。请紧记:lie -lied -lied 说谎 (比较:lie (位于;躺)lay lain; lay (下蛋;放) laid -laid )4. 颠倒字母 (由于记忆不清,或受其他单词干扰,将单词中字母排列顺序颠倒) 错误对的错误对的错误对的mordenmodernrecievereceiveforiegnforeignturetruetatoltotalsliencesilencedestorydestroycheifchiefWedensdayWednesdayclamcalmsiezeseizesecraterysecretarycigerattecigar
22、ettebicsuitbiscuit5. 词义混淆 (因某些单词意思相似或读音相似而产生互相干扰) A词B词A词B词A词B词accessassesssitesightcoursecausefleshfreshfloorflourbattlebottlelatelatelylooseloseangelanglesignsighawardrewardcontestcontextadoptadaptattractattackchampioncampaignmedalmetalstickstrictincidentaccidentexpectexceptgraspgaspvocationvacatio
23、nchargechangewonderwanderwristwaistquitequieteffectaffectdoubtdoubledairydiarythroughthoroughqualityquantitysweetsweatchickenkitchen6. 词性混淆 ( 记忆单词时没有注意单词词性) 动词名词动词名词名词形容词 believebeliefloselossimportanceimportantweighweightdiscoverdiscoveryhumorhumorousattractattractionserveServicesciencescientificas
24、sistassistantbreathebreathpovertypoorprotectprotection名词形容词difficultydifficultrecoverrecoverysafetysafefreedomfreemixmixturerealityrealhungerHungryexplainexplanationabsenceabsentdifferencedifferentgraduategraduationwidthwidedangerdangerousexistexistencelengthlong备注:学生经常把下列介词当动词用,从而浮现加-s,-ing,-ed等错误形
25、式:against. Like,near,across等。failfailureheightHighproveproofreligionReligioussell salenatureNaturaladviseadvicepeacepeaceful第二类 互相干扰1. 拼写干扰 (受其她单词拼写干扰,想固然地以为这个单词也这样拼写) 干扰词错误对的干扰词错误对的decidedevidedivideenemyenegyenergyhighhightheightFrenchmenGermenGermanssafetytruelyTrulyAmericanCanadanCanadiansixty/f
26、ourteenfourtyfortywritten writtingwritingbelieverecieveReceivecamewelcamewelcomedelectricityunivercityuniversitysocialsociatySocietyvillagecollagecollegetaughtbraughtbroughtangerangeryangrycentercentrelcentralextraextramelyextremelyvaluevalueblevaluable2. 发音干扰 (没有注意某些单词读音和拼写不一致现象) 错误对的错误对的错误对的stomac
27、kstomachbucherbutcherwistlewhistlebreakfirstbreakfasthankerchiefhandkerchiefcampaincampaignseperateseparateblankitblanketexibitionexhibitionpriviteprivateberyburyautumautumnoppoziteoppositevoyigevoyagecolarcollarChrismasChristmas第三类 规则不熟悉1. 构词规则 (对构词法缺少理解,没有注意某些特殊拼写规则) 错误对的错误对的错误对的simplelysimplyluck
28、ylyluckilynoiseynoisyusalyusuallyfishmanfishermanarrivelarrivalhappynesshappinesswestenwesternfameousfamousangrylyangrilywestwordwestwardtwentithtwentietharguementarguementtruelytruly2. 语法规则 (如在给动词加ing或ed,或形容词,副词加er,est时,不注意双写重读闭音节末尾辅音字母) 错误对的错误对的错误对的studingstudyingreferedreferredhapiesthappiestregr
29、etingregrettingbitenbittenphotoesphotosbeginingbeginningridenriddenpotatospotatoesswimingswimmingthrowedthrewroovesroofspermitedpermittedthinerthinnerthiefsthievesoccuredoccurredhostesthottest第四类 单词拼写形似1) quite 相称 quiet 安静地2) affect v. 影响,假装 effect n. 成果, 影响3) adapt 适应 adopt 采用 adept 内行4) angel 天使 a
30、ngle 角度5) dairy 牛奶厂 diary 日记6) contend 奋斗,斗争 content 内容,满足 context 上下文 contest 竞争,比赛7) principal 校长,重要 principle 原则8) implicit 含蓄 explicit 明白9) dessert 甜食 desert 沙漠 v 放弃 dissert 写论文10) pat 轻拍 tap 轻打 slap 掌击 rap 敲,打11)decent 正经 descent n. 向下,血统 descend v. 向下12) sweet 甜 sweat 汗水13) later 日后 latter 后者
31、latest 近来 lately adv. 近来14) costume 服装 custom 习惯15) extensive 广泛 intensive 深刻16) aural 耳 oral 口头17) abroad 国外 aboard 上(船,飞机)18) altar 祭坛 alter 变化19) assent 批准 ascent 上升 accent 口音20)champion 冠军 champagne 香槟酒 campaign 战役21) baron 男爵 barren 不毛之地 barn 古仓22) beam 梁,光束 bean 豆 been (be过去分词)23) precede 领先 p
32、roceed 进行,继续24) pray 祈祷 prey 猎物25) chicken 鸡 kitchen 厨房26) monkey 猴子 donkey 驴27) chore 家务活 chord 和弦 cord 细绳28) cite 引用 site 场合 sight 视觉29) clash (金属)幢击声 crash 碰幢,坠落 crush 压坏30) compliment 赞美 complement 附加物31) confirm 确认 conform 使顺从32) contact 接触 contract 合同 contrast 对照33) council 议会 counsel 忠告 consu
33、l 领事34) crow 乌鸦 crown 王冠 clown 小丑 cow 牛35) dose 一剂药 doze 打盹36) drawn draw 过去分词 drown 溺水37) emigrant 移民到国外 immigrant 从某国来移民38) excess n. 超过 exceed v.超过 excel 擅长39) hotel 青年旅社 hostel 旅店40) latitude 纬度 altitude 高度 gratitude 感激41) immoral 不道德 immortal 不朽42) lone 孤单 alone 单独 lonely 寂寞43) mortal 不死 metal金
34、属mental 神经 medal 勋章 model 模特 meddle 玩弄44) scare 惊吓 scarce 缺少45)drought 天旱 draught 通风,拖拉 draughts (英)国际跳棋47) assure 保证 ensure 使拟定 insure 保险48)except 除外 expect 盼望 accept 接受 excerpt 选录 exempt 免除49) floor 地板 flour 面粉 flower 花50) incident 事件 accident 意外51) inspiration 灵感 aspiration 渴望52) march 三月,迈进 matc
35、h 比赛53) patent 专利 potent 有力 potential 潜在54) police 警察 policy 政策 politics 政治55) protest 抗议 protect 保护56) require 需要 inquire 询问 enquire 询问 acquire 获得57) revenge 报仇 avenge 为报仇58) story 故事 storey 楼层 store 商店59) strike 打 stick 坚持 strict 严格60) expand 扩张 expend 耗费 extend 延长61) commerce 商业 commence 开始62) th
36、rough 通过 thorough 彻底 (al)though 尽管 thought think 过去分词63) purpose 目 suppose 假设 propose 建议64)expect 盼望 respect 尊敬 aspect 方面 inspect 视察 suspect 怀疑65) glide 滑翔 slide 使滑行 slip 跌落66) steal 偷 steel 钢67) strive 努力 stride 大步走68) allusion 暗示 illusion 幻觉 delusion 错觉 elusion 逃避69) prospect 前景 perspective 透视法70) stationery 文具 stationary 固定71) loose 松 lose 丢失 loss n. 损失 lost (lose过去式)72) amend 改正,修正 emend 校正73) amoral unmoral immoral 同义,不道德 abnormal 变态;不正常