Unit3---Engine-Cooling-and-Lubrication-System省公共课一.pptx

Unit 3 Unit 3 Engine Cooling and Lubrication SystemEngine Cooling and Lubrication System n1.Engine Cooling System1.Engine Cooling SystemnThe cooling system is used to The cooling system is used to keep the engine at the most keep the engine at the most efficientefficient operating operating temperature.The cooling temperature.The cooling system is composed of the system is composed of the water jacketwater jacket(inside the (inside the cylinder block and cylinder cylinder block and cylinder head),head),radiatorradiator,water pumpwater pump,thermostatthermostat,fan,fan,hosehoses and s and other components.Fig 1-3-1 other components.Fig 1-3-1 shows the parts of a cooling shows the parts of a cooling system.system.efficient efficient 效率高water jacket water jacket 水套radiator radiator 散热器，水箱water pump water pump 水泵thermostat thermostat 节温器hose hose 软管第1页Cooling SystemCooling System（冷却系统）（冷却系统）n Fig.1-3-1Fig.1-3-11-radiator(1-radiator(散热器)2-securing)2-securing clipclip（固定夹）3-securing rubber3-securing rubber（固定橡胶）4-upper coolant 4-upper coolant hose hose（上部冷却液软管）5-rubber 5-rubber washerwasher（橡胶垫）6-radiator fan 6-radiator fan（冷却风扇）7-fan ring7-fan ring（风扇罩壳）8-8-locking boltlocking bolt（紧固螺栓）9-nut9-nut（螺母）10-2 pin connector10-2 pin connector（双头插式插头）11-lower coolant hose11-lower coolant hose（下部冷却液软管）12-O ring12-O ring（O O型圈）型圈）13-13-connectorconnector（连接插头）14-radiator 14-radiator fan thermo switchfan thermo switch（散热风扇热敏开关）15-seal(15-seal(密封圈)16 drain)16 drain screw screw（排水螺栓）第2页n(1)Radiator and Fan(1)Radiator and FannThe radiator The radiator performperforms the function of cooling s the function of cooling the coolant which has passed through the the coolant which has passed through the water jacket and become hot,and it is water jacket and become hot,and it is mounted in the front of the vehicle.A fan is mounted in the front of the vehicle.A fan is mounted behind the radiator to mounted behind the radiator to assistassist the the flow of air through the radiator.The fan flow of air through the radiator.The fan operates when the engine coolant temperature operates when the engine coolant temperature becomes high in order to prevent it from becomes high in order to prevent it from becoming too high.becoming too high.n(2)Radiator Cap(2)Radiator CapnA A reliefrelief valvevalve(pressurization pressurization valve)and a valve)and a vacuum valvevacuum valve(negative pressurenegative pressure valve)are valve)are built into the radiator cap.It is used to built into the radiator cap.It is used to maintain the correct and constant pressure on maintain the correct and constant pressure on the cooling system.the cooling system.n(3)Water jacket(3)Water jacketnThe water jacket is the open spaces within The water jacket is the open spaces within the cylinder block and cylinder head through the cylinder block and cylinder head through which coolant passes.which coolant passes.perform perform 执行assist assist 帮助relief valve relief valve 泄压阀pressurizatiopressurization n 维持大气压水平vacuum valve vacuum valve 真空阀negative negative pressure pressure 负压负压第3页n(4)Water Pump(4)Water PumpnThe water pump is used to circulate the coolant The water pump is used to circulate the coolant through the cooling system.It is mounted on the through the cooling system.It is mounted on the front of the cylinder block and driven by a front of the cylinder block and driven by a timing timing beltbelt.n(5)Thermostat(5)ThermostatnThe thermostat is one of the most important parts The thermostat is one of the most important parts of the cooling system,and used to keep the engine of the cooling system,and used to keep the engine coolant at the most efficient temperature.If the coolant at the most efficient temperature.If the coolant remains cold,it will be closed.In this coolant remains cold,it will be closed.In this case,a large amount of coolant goes to the case,a large amount of coolant goes to the by-by-pass tubepass tube without being cooled.The remaining without being cooled.The remaining coolant passes through the radiator to be cooled.coolant passes through the radiator to be cooled.If the coolant temperature rises to the If the coolant temperature rises to the opening opening pointpoint,the thermostat opens,the thermostat opens slightlyslightly.As the.As the temperature increases further,the thermostat temperature increases further,the thermostat opens more.When the engine is under full opens more.When the engine is under full loadload,the thermostat will be fully open.The maximum the thermostat will be fully open.The maximum amount of coolant will be sent to the radiator for amount of coolant will be sent to the radiator for cooling,and a small amount will continue to flow cooling,and a small amount will continue to flow through the by-pass tube.through the by-pass tube.timing timing beltbelt 正时皮带正时皮带by-pass by-pass tubetube 旁通管旁通管opening opening pointpoint 开启点开启点slightlyslightly 轻微地轻微地load load 负荷负荷第4页n2.Engine Lubrication System2.Engine Lubrication SystemnLubricationLubrication system has been system has been adoptadopted to ed to supplysupply oil to the moving parts of this engine.The oil to the moving parts of this engine.The lubrication system consists of an lubrication system consists of an oil panoil pan,oil,oil pump,oil filter,oil cooler and pressure pump,oil filter,oil cooler and pressure relief valve.Fig 1-3-2 shows the parts of a relief valve.Fig 1-3-2 shows the parts of a lubricating system.lubricating system.n(1)Oil pan(1)Oil pannThe oil pan is located on the bottom of the The oil pan is located on the bottom of the engine and holds the excess oil during engine and holds the excess oil during operation and no running conditions.A plug in operation and no running conditions.A plug in the bottom of the oil pan is used to the bottom of the oil pan is used to draindrain the the oil.oil.n(2)Oil pump(2)Oil pumpnThe oil pump is located in the crankcase area The oil pump is located in the crankcase area so that oil can be so that oil can be drawdrawn from the oil pan and n from the oil pan and sent into the engine.sent into the engine.n(3)Oil drain plug(3)Oil drain plugnOil pressure relief valve is used to keep the Oil pressure relief valve is used to keep the pressure within the oil system at a constant pressure within the oil system at a constant maximum value.maximum value.lubricationlubrication 润滑adopt adopt 采取supply supply 供给oil pan oil pan 油底盘drain drain 排放draw draw 抽吸第5页 Lubricating System Lubricating System （润滑系统）（润滑系统）Fig.1-3-2 Fig.1-3-21-gasket1-gasket（密封垫片）2-cap2-cap（加油口盖）3-3-dipstickdipstick（机油标尺）4guide4guide（机油标尺导管口）5-oil filter bracket5-oil filter bracket（机油滤清器支架）6-oil pressure switch6-oil pressure switch（机油压力开关）7-O-ring7-O-ring（O形圈）8-oil cooler8-oil cooler（机油冷却器）9-oil filter9-oil filter（机油滤清器）10-10-capcap（密封盖）11-drive gear11-drive gear（驱动齿轮）12-gears12-gears（齿轮）13-oil pump cover with13-oil pump cover with pressure relief valve pressure relief valve（带泄压阀机油泵盖）14-baffle plate14-baffle plate（挡油板）15-oil15-oildrain plugdrain plug（放油螺栓）16-seal16-seal（密封圈）17-oil pan17-oil pan（机油盘）18-gasket18-gasket（机油盘垫片）19-suction line19-suction line（吸油管）20-O 20-O ringring（O O形圈）第6页n(4)Oil filter(4)Oil filternOil Filter is adopted to clean the dirt Oil Filter is adopted to clean the dirt particleparticles s out of the lubricating system.As the oil and dirt out of the lubricating system.As the oil and dirt flow the filter unit,flow the filter unit,contaminantcontaminants are s are traptrapped ped inside the filter unit.inside the filter unit.n(5)Oil coolers(5)Oil coolersnOil temperature for an engine should be in certain Oil temperature for an engine should be in certain range of degrees.Under normal conditions,oil is range of degrees.Under normal conditions,oil is cooled by the right amount of oil in the oil pan.cooled by the right amount of oil in the oil pan.When excess temperatures occurs,such as some When excess temperatures occurs,such as some heavy-heavy-dutyduty gasolinegasoline engines and many engines and many dieseldiesel engines,oil engines,oil coolers are used to keep the oil cool.coolers are used to keep the oil cool.n(6)Oil pressure sensors and gauges(6)Oil pressure sensors and gaugesnOil pressure sensors are used to Oil pressure sensors are used to sensesense the oil the oil pressure in the lubricating system.Oil pressure is pressure in the lubricating system.Oil pressure is usually sensed directly from the main oil usually sensed directly from the main oil gallerygallery.The value is sent to the The value is sent to the dashboarddashboard on the vehicle on the vehicle and the operator can read it.The systems commonly and the operator can read it.The systems commonly used are a pressure used are a pressure gaugegauge and an oil indicator and an oil indicator light.The pressure gauge reads the oil pressure light.The pressure gauge reads the oil pressure within the system.The oil indicator light goes on within the system.The oil indicator light goes on when oil pressure is lower than a certain value.when oil pressure is lower than a certain value.n(7)Marking on oil(7)Marking on oil dipstickdipstick（Fig.1-3-3Fig.1-3-3）particle particle 粒子contaminantcontaminant 污染物trap trap 搜集heavy-dutyheavy-duty 大功率gasolinegasoline 汽油diesel diesel 柴油sense sense 感觉 gallery gallery 通道dashboard dashboard (汽车等)仪表板gauge gauge 仪表dipstick dipstick 油尺第7页 DipstickDipstick（机油尺）（机油尺）Fig.1-3-3 Fig.1-3-31-Max.mark1-Max.mark2-Min.mark2-Min.marka-Area above hatched field up to max.mark:Do not top-upa-Area above hatched field up to max.mark:Do not top-up with engine oil!with engine oil!b-Oil level within hatched field:can be topped-up with b-Oil level within hatched field:can be topped-up with engine oil engine oilc-Area from min.mark up to hatched field:fill with max.c-Area from min.mark up to hatched field:fill with max.0.5 liter.of engine oil!0.5 liter.of engine oil!第8页 Translation Skill(3)Translation Skill(3)词义引申词义引申n英汉两种语言在表示上有很大差异。翻译时，有英汉两种语言在表示上有很大差异。翻译时，有些词或词组不能直接搬用词典中释义，若生搬些词或词组不能直接搬用词典中释义，若生搬硬套，会使译文生硬艰涩，难以看懂，甚至造硬套，会使译文生硬艰涩，难以看懂，甚至造成误解。所以，要在搞清原文内涵基础上，依成误解。所以，要在搞清原文内涵基础上，依据上下文据上下文逻辑关系逻辑关系和汉语和汉语搭配习惯搭配习惯，对词义加，对词义加以以引申引申。若碰到相关专业方面内容，必须选取。若碰到相关专业方面内容，必须选取专业方面术语专业方面术语。引申后词义即使同词典中释义。引申后词义即使同词典中释义稍有不一样，但能更确切地表示原文意义。稍有不一样，但能更确切地表示原文意义。第9页n1.However,colors can give more force to the form of the product.欠佳译法：然而，色彩能给与产品更多力量。欠佳译法：然而，色彩能给与产品更多力量。引申译法：然而，色彩能使产品外形增添美感。引申译法：然而，色彩能使产品外形增添美感。n2.Never heat refrigerant container or expose it to naked flame.欠佳译法：永远不要加热制冷剂贮液罐或将它暴露在裸露火焰中。欠佳译法：永远不要加热制冷剂贮液罐或将它暴露在裸露火焰中。引申译法：绝对不要直接加热制冷剂贮液罐或者与明火接触。引申译法：绝对不要直接加热制冷剂贮液罐或者与明火接触。n3.When excess temperatures occurs,such as some heavy-duty gasoline engines and many diesel engines,oil coolers are used to keep the oil cool.欠佳译法：当过剩温度发生时，如一些重责任汽油机和许多欠佳译法：当过剩温度发生时，如一些重责任汽油机和许多 柴柴油机，使用机油冷却器使机油冷却。油机，使用机油冷却器使机油冷却。引申译法：当温度过高时，如一些大功率汽油机和许多柴油机上，引申译法：当温度过高时，如一些大功率汽油机和许多柴油机上，使用机油冷却器冷却机油。使用机油冷却器冷却机油。n4.During the first part of his life,Watt studied weather and storm.欠佳译法：在他生命第一部分，瓦特研究过天气和风暴。欠佳译法：在他生命第一部分，瓦特研究过天气和风暴。引申译法：瓦特年轻时研究过天气和风暴。引申译法：瓦特年轻时研究过天气和风暴。第10页 ExercisesExercises（练习）（练习）1.Translate the following into Chinese1.Translate the following into Chinese（1 1）oil cooleroil cooler（2 2）gasoline enginegasoline engine（3 3）fan ringfan ring（4 4）locking boltlocking bolt（5 5）drive geardrive gear（6 6）suction linesuction line（7 7）oil filter bracketoil filter bracket（8 8）2-pin connector2-pin connector（9 9）radiator fan radiator fan thermo switchthermo switch(10)diesel engine(10)diesel engine（1 1）机油冷却器）机油冷却器（2 2）汽油机）汽油机（3 3）风扇罩壳）风扇罩壳（4 4）紧固螺栓）紧固螺栓（5 5）主动齿轮）主动齿轮（6 6）进油管）进油管（7 7）机油滤清器支架）机油滤清器支架（8 8）双头插式插头）双头插式插头（9 9）散热器风扇热敏开）散热器风扇热敏开关关（1010）柴油机）柴油机第11页 2.Translate the following into English 2.Translate the following into English（1 1）水套）水套（2 2）水泵）水泵（3 3）散热器盖）散热器盖（4 4）真空阀）真空阀（5 5）机油泵）机油泵（6 6）机油滤清器）机油滤清器 （1）Water jacket（2）Water pump（3）Radiator cap（4）Vacuum valve（5）Oil pump（6）Oil filter第12页3.Translate the following sentences into 3.Translate the following sentences into EnglishEnglish(1)(1)When the engine is warm,When the engine is warm,the cooling system is the cooling system is over pressure.It is over pressure.It is necessary to release necessary to release pressure before starting pressure before starting repair work.repair work.(2)When installing coolant (2)When installing coolant hoses,route stress-free hoses,route stress-free so that they do not come so that they do not come into contact with other into contact with other components(observe components(observe markings on coolant markings on coolant connection hose).connection hose).（1）当发动机温度高时，当发动机温度高时，冷区系统压力高，在维冷区系统压力高，在维修之前有必要释放压力。修之前有必要释放压力。（2）当安装冷却液软当安装冷却液软管时，要按照次序，这管时，要按照次序，这么，它们就不能和其它么，它们就不能和其它部件接触。（观察冷却部件接触。（观察冷却液连接管处记号）。液连接管处记号）。第13页(3)Engine oils are graded(3)Engine oils are graded according to their according to their viscosity.The proper grade viscosity.The proper grade to be used in your engine to be used in your engine depends on existing climatic depends on existing climatic or seasonal conditions.or seasonal conditions.(4)When inserting the oil(4)When inserting the oil dipstick,insert the curved dipstick,insert the curved tip of the dipstick facing tip of the dipstick facing the same direction as the the same direction as the curve of the guide.curve of the guide.(5)Visually inspect thermostat(5)Visually inspect thermostat for corrosion and proper for corrosion and proper sealing of valve and seat.sealing of valve and seat.If okay,suspend thermostat If okay,suspend thermostat and thermometer in a 50/50 and thermometer in a 50/50 mixture of coolant and mixture of coolant and water.water.（3）发动机机油依）发动机机油依据机油黏度分等级。据机油黏度分等级。发动机使用哪一等发动机使用哪一等积机油取决于当地积机油取决于当地气候或季节改变情气候或季节改变情况。况。（4）当插入机油尺）当插入机油尺时，要将机油尺突时，要将机油尺突起端顺着导管突起起端顺着导管突起端方向插进。端方向插进。（5）目视检验节温）目视检验节温器腐蚀性和阀门与器腐蚀性和阀门与座密封性。假如良座密封性。假如良好，则将节温器和好，则将节温器和温度计浸入温度计浸入50/50冷却液和水混合液冷却液和水混合液中检验。中检验。第14页