避碰指导规则.doc

第一条　合用范畴
Rule 1 Application
1. 本规则各条合用于在公海和连接于公海且可供海船航行一切水域中一切船舶.
These Rules shall apply to all vessels upon the high seas and in all waters connected therewith navigable by seagoing vessels.
2. 本规则各条不妨碍关于主管机关为连接于公海而可供海船航行任何港外锚地,港口,江河,湖泊或内陆水道所制定特殊规定实行.这种特殊规定,应尽量符合本规则各条.
Nothing in these Rules shall interfere with the operation of special rules made by an appropriate authority for roadsteads，harbours，rivers，lakes or inland waterways connected with the high seas and navigable by seagoing vessels .Such special rules shall conform as closely as possible to these Rules.
3. 本规则各条,不妨碍各国政府为军舰及护航下船舶所制定关于额外队形灯,信号灯,号型或笛号;或者为结队从事捕鱼渔船所制定关于额外队形灯,信号灯或号型任何特殊规定实行.这些额外队形灯,信号灯,号型或笛号,应尽量不致被误以为本规则其她条文所规定任何号灯,号型或信号.
Nothing in these Rules shall interfere with the operation of any special rules made by the Government of any State with respect to additional station or signal lights or shapes for fishing vessels engaged in fishing as a fleet. These additional station or signal lights，shapes or whistle signals shall，so far as possible，be such that they cannot be mistaken for any light，shape or signal authorized elsewhere under these Rules.
4.为实行本规则,本组织可以采纳分道通航制.
Traffic separation schemes may be adopted by the Organization for the purpose of these Rules.
5.凡经关于政府拟定,某种特殊构造或用途船舶,如不能完全遵守本规则任何一条关于号灯或号型数量,位置,能见距离或弧度以及声号设备配备和特性规定期,则应遵守其政府在号灯或号型数量,位置,能见距离或弧度以及声号设备配备和特性方面为之另行拟定尽量符合本规则规定规定.
Whenever the Government concerned shall have determined that a vessel of special construction or purpose cannot comply fully with the provisions of any of these Rules with respect to the number，position，range or arc of visibility of lights or shapes，as well as to the disposition and characteristics of sound-signalling appliances，such vessel shall comply with such other provisions in regard to the number，position ,range or arc of the visibility of lights or shapes，as well as to the disposition and characteristics of sound-signalling appliances，as her Government shall have determined to be the closest possible compliance with these Rules in respect of that vessel.
第二条　责任
Rule 2 Responsibility
1. 本规则各条并不免除任何船舶或其所有人,船长或船员由于对遵守本规则各条任何疏忽,或者对海员普通做法或当时特殊状况也许规定任何戒备上疏忽而产生各种后果责任.
Nothing in these Rules shall exonerate any vessel，or the owner，master or crew thereof，from the consequences of any neglect to comply with these Rules or of the neglect of any precaution which may be required by the ordinary practice of seamen，or by the special circumstances of the case.
2. 在解释和遵行本规则各条规定期,应恰当考虑到,为避免急迫危险而需背离本规则各条规定一切航行和碰撞危险,以及任何特殊状况,其中涉及当事船舶条件限制在内.
In construing and complying with these Rules due regard shall be had to all dangers of navigation and collision and to any special circumstances，including the limitations of the vessels involved，which may make a departure from these Rules necessary to avoid immediate danger.
第三条　普通定义
Rule 3 General definitions
除其她条文另有解释外,在本规则中:For the purpose of these Rules，except where the context otherwise requires:
1.“船舶”一词,指用作或者可以用作水上运送工具各类水上船筏,涉及非排水船舶,水上飞机和地效翼船.
The word “vessel” includes every description of water craft，including non-displacement craft ，WIG craft and seaplanes，used or capable of being used as a means of transportation on water.
2.“机动船”一词,指用机器推动任何船舶.The term“ power-driven vessel ”means ay vessel propelled by machinery.
3.“帆船”一词,指任何驶帆船舶,涉及装有推动机器而不在使用者.
The term “sailing vessel” means any vessel under sail provided that propelling machinery，if fitted，is not being used.
4.“从事捕鱼船舶”一词,指使用网具绳钓拖网或其她使其操纵性能受到限制渔具捕鱼任何船舶,但不涉及使用曳绳钓或其她并不使其操纵性能受到限制渔具捕鱼船舶.
The term “vessel engaged in fishing”means any vessel fishing with nets，lines，trawls or other fishing apparatus which restrict manoeuvrability ，but does not include a vessel fishing with trolling lines or other fishing apparatus which do not restrict manoeuvrability.
5.“水上飞机”一词,涉及为能在水面操纵而设计任何航空器.
The word“ seaplane” includes any aircraft designed to manoeuvre on the water.
6.“失去控制船舶”一词,指由于某种异常状况不能按本规则各条规定进行操纵,因而不能给她船让路船舶.
The term “vessel not under command” means a vessel which through some exceptional circumstance is unable to manoeuvre as required by these Rules and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel.
7.“操纵能力受到限制船舶”一词,指由于工作性质,使其按本规则规定进行操纵能力受到限制,因而不能给她船让路船舶. 操纵能力受到限制船舶一词应涉及,但不限于下列船舶:
The term “vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre” means a vessel which from the nature of her work is restricted in her ability to manoeuvre as required by these Rules and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel. The term vessels restricted in their ability to manoeuvre shall include but not be limited to:
(1)从事敷设,维修或起捞助航标志,海底电缆或管道船舶;
A vessel engaged in laying，servicing or picking up a navigation mark，submarine cable or pipeline.
(2)从事疏浚,测量或水下作业船舶;A vessel engaged in dredging，surveying or underwater operations.
(3)在航中从事补给或转运人员,食品或货品船舶;A vessel engaged in replenishment or transferring persons，provisions or cargo while underway.
(4)从事发放或回收航空器船舶;A vessel engaged in the launching or recovery of aircraft.
(5)从事清除水雷作业船舶;A vessel engaged in mine clearance operations.
(6)从事拖带作业船舶,而该项拖带作业使该拖船及其被拖船偏离所驶航向能力严重受到限制.
A vessel engaged in a towing operation such as severely restricts the towing vessel and her tow in their ability to deviate from their course.
8.“限于吃水船舶”一词,指由于吃水与可航水域水深和宽度关系,致使其偏离航向能力严重受到限制机动船.
The term “vessel constrained by her draught ”means a power-driven vessel which，because of her draught in relation to the available depth and width of navigable water，is severely restricted in her ability to deviate from the course she is following.
9.“在航”一词,指船舶不在锚泊,系岸或搁浅.The word“ underway” means that a vessel is not at anchor，or made fast to the shore，or aground.
10.船舶“长度和宽度”是指其总长度和最大宽度.The words “length and breadth” of a vessel mean her length overall and greatest breadth.
11.只有当一船能自她船以视觉看届时,才应以为两船是在互见中.
Vessel shall be deemed to be in sight of one another only when one can be observed visually from the other.
12“能见度不良”一词,指任何由于雾,霾,下雪,暴风雨,沙暴或任何其她类似因素而使能见度受到限制状况.
The term “restricted visibility” means any condition in which visibility is restricted by fog，mist，falling snow，heavy rainstorms，sandstorms or any other similar causes.
13.“地效翼船”是一种模式船艇,其重要操作模式是运用表面效应在相称接近水面高度飞行.
The term “Wing-In-Ground (WIG) craft” means a multimodal craft which，in its main operational mode flies in close proximity to the surface-effect action.
第四条　合用范畴
Rule 4 application
本节各条合用于任何能见度状况Rules in this section apply in any condition of visibility.
第五条　了望
Rule 5 look-out
每一船舶应经惯用视觉,听觉以及适合当时环境和状况下一切有效手段保持正规了望,以便对局面和碰撞危险作出充分预计.
Every vessel shall at all times maintain a proper look-out by sight and hearing as well as by all available means appropriate in the prevailing circumstances and conditions so as to make a full appraisal of the situation and of the risk of collision.
第六条　安全航速
Rule 6 safe speed
每一船舶在任何时候均应用安全航速行驶,以便能采用恰当而有效避碰行动并能在适合当时环境和状况距离以内把船停住.在决定安全航速时,考虑因素中应涉及下列各点:
Every vessel shall at all times proceed at a safe speed so that she can take proper and effective action to avoid collision and be stopped within a distance appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions. In determining a safe speed the following factors shall be among those taken into account:
1.对所有船舶：By all vessels:
(1)能见度状况；the state of visibility;
(2)通航密度,涉及渔船或者任何其她船舶密集限度;The traffic density including concentrations of fishing vessels or any other vessels.
(3)船舶操纵性能,特别是在当时状况下冲程和回转性能;
The manoeuvrability of the vessel with special reference to stopping distance and turning ability in the prevailing conditions.
(4)夜间浮现背景亮光,诸如来自岸上灯光或本船灯光反向散射;
At night the presence of background light such as from shore lights or from backscatter of her own lights.
(5)风,浪和流状况以及接近航海危险物状况;The state of wind，sea and current，and the proximity of navigational hazards
(6)吃水与可用水深关系.The draught in relation to the available depth of water.
2.对备有可使用雷达船舶,还需考虑:Additionally，by vessels with operational radar:
(1)雷达设备特性,效率和局限性;The characteristics，efficiency and limitations of the radar equipment.
(2)所选用雷达距离标尺带来任何限制;Any constraints imposed by the radar range scale in use.
(3)海况,天气和其她干扰源对雷达探测影响;The effect on radar detection of the sea state，weather and other sources of interference.
(4)在恰当距离内,雷达对小船,浮冰和其她漂浮物有探测不到也许性;
The possibility that small vessels，ice and other floating objects may not be detected by radar at an adequate range.
(5)雷达探测到船舶数目,位置和动态;The number，location and movement of vessels detected by radar.
(6)当用雷达测定附近船舶或其她物体距离时,也许对能见度作出更确切预计.
The more exact assessment of the visibility that may be possible when radar is used to determine the range of vessels or other objects in the vicinity.
第七条　碰撞危险
Rule 7 risk of collision
1.每一船舶应用适合当时环境和状况一切有效手段断定与否存在碰撞危险,如有任何怀疑,则应以为存在这种危险.
Every vessel shall use all available means appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions to determine if risk of collision exists，if there is any doubt such risk shall be deemed to exists.
2.如装有雷达设备并可使用话,则应对的予以使用,涉及远距离扫描,以便获得碰撞危险初期报警,并对探测到物标进行雷达标绘或与其相称系统观测.
Proper use shall be made of radar equipment if fitted and operational，including long-range scanning to obtain early warning of risk of collision and radar plotting or equivalent systematic observation of detected objects.
3. 不应当依照不充分资料,特别是不充分雷达观测资料作出推断.
Assumptions shall not be made on the basis of scanty information，especially scanty radar information
4. 在断定与否存在碰撞危险时,考虑因素中应涉及下列各点:
In determining if risk of collision exists the following considerations shall be among those taken into account:
(1)如果来船罗经方位没有明显变化,每则应以为存在这种危险;
Such risk shall be deemed to exist if the compass bearing of an approaching vessel does not appreciably change.
(2)虽然有明显方位变化,有时也也许存在这种危险,特别是在驶近一艘很大船舶或拖带船组时,或是在近距离驶近她船时.
Such risk may sometimes exist even when an appreciable bearing change is evident，particularly when approaching a very large vessel or a tow or when approaching a vessel at close range.
第八条　避免碰撞行动
Rule 8 action to avoid collision
1.为避免碰撞所采用任何行动,应按照本章规定进行.如当时环境允许,应是积极,并应及早进行和注意运用良好船艺.
Any action to avoid collision shall be taken in accordance with the Rules of this Part and shall，if the circumstances of the case admit，be positive，made in ample time and with due regard to the observance of good seamanship.
2.为避免碰撞而作航向和(或)航速任何变动,如当时环境允许,应大足以使她船用视觉或雷达观测时容易察觉到;应避免对航向和(或)航速作一连串小变动.
Any alteration of course and/or speed to avoid collision shall，if the circumstances of the case admit，be large enough to be readily apparent to another vessel observing visually or by radar；a succession of small alteration of course and/or speed should be avoided.
3.如有足够水域,则单用转向也许是避免急迫局面最有效行动,倘若这种行动是及时,大幅度并且不致导致另一急迫局面.
If there is sufficient sea-room，alteration of course alone may be the most effective action to avoid a close-quarters situation provided that it is made in good time，is substantial and does not result in another close-quarter situation.
4.为避免与她船碰撞而采用行动,应能导致在安全距离驶过.应细心查核避让行动有效性,直到最后驶过让清她船为止.
Action taken to avoid collision with another vessel shall be such as to result in passing at a safe distance. The effectiveness of the action shall be carefully checked until the other vessel is finally past and clear.
5. 如需避免碰撞或需留有更多时间来预计局面,船舶应当减速或者停止或倒转推动器把船停住.
If necessary to avoid collision or allow more time to assess the situation，a vessel shall slacken her speed or take all way off by stopping or reversing her means of propulsion.
6. (1)依照本规则任何规定,规定不得妨碍另一艘船舶通过或安全通过船舶应依照当时环境需要及早采用行动以留出足够水域供其他船舶安全通过.
A vessel which，by any of these Rules，is required not to impede the passage or safe passage of another vessel shall，when required by the circumstances of the case，take early action to allow sufficient sea-room for the safe passage of the other vessel.
(2)如果在接近其他船舶致有碰撞危险时,被规定不得妨碍另一船舶通过船舶并不解除这一责任,且当采用行动时,应充分考虑到本章各条也许规定行动.
A vessel required not to impede the passage or safe passage of another vessel is not relieved of this obligation if approaching the other vessel so as to involve risk of collision and shall，when taking action ,have full regard to the action which may be required by the Rules of this part.
(3)当两船互相接近致有碰撞危险时,其通过不得被妨碍船舶仍有完全遵守本章各条规定责任.
A vessel the passage of which is not to be impeded remains fully obliged to comply with the Rules of this part when the two vessels are approaching one another so as to involve risk of collision.
第九条　狭水道
Rule 9 narrow channels
1.船舶沿狭水道或航道行驶时,只要安全可行,应尽量接近本船右舷该水道或航道外缘行驶.
A vessel proceeding along the course of a narrow channel or fairway shall keep as near to the outer limit of the channel or fairway which lies on her starboard side as is safe and practicable.
2.帆船或者长度不大于20米船舶,不应妨碍只能在狭水道或航道以内安全航行船舶通行.
A vessel of less than 20 m in length or a sailing vessel shall not impede the passage of a vessel which can safely navigate only within a narrow channel or fairway.
3.从事捕鱼船舶,不应妨碍任何其他在狭水道或航道以内航行船舶通行.
A vessel engaged in fishing shall not impede the passage of any other vessel navigating within a narrow channel or fairway.
4.船舶不应穿越狭水道或航道,如过这种穿越会妨碍只能在这种水道或航道以内安全航行船舶通行.后者若对穿越船意图有怀疑时,可以使用第三十四条4款所规定声号.
A vessel shall not cross a narrow channel or fairway if such crossing impedes the passage of a vessel which can safely navigate only within such channel or fairway. The latter vessel may use the sound signal prescribed in Rule 34(d)if in doubt as to the intention of the crossing vessel.
5.(1)在狭水道或航道内,如只有在被追越船必要采用行动以容许安全通过才干追越时,则企图追越船,应鸣放第三十四条3款(1)项所规定相应声号,以表达本船意图,被追越船如果批准,应鸣放第三十四条3款(2)项所规定相应声号,并采用使之能安全通过办法.如有怀疑,则可以鸣放第三十四条4款所规定声号.
In a narrow channel or fairway when overtaking can take place only if the vessel to be overtaken has to take action to permit safe passing，the vessel intending to overtake shall indicate her intention by sounding the appropriate signal prescribed in Rule 34( c) (i)，The vessel to be overtaken shall，if in agreement，sound the appropriate signal prescribed in Rule34( c)(ii) and take steps to permit safe passing. If in doubt she may sound the signals prescribed in Rule 34(d).
(2)本条并不解除追越船依照第十三条所负义务.This Rule does not relieve the overtaking vessel of her obligation under Rule 13.
6.船在驶近也许被居间障碍物遮蔽她船狭水道或航道弯头或地段时,应特别机警和谨慎驾驶,并应鸣放第三十四条5款所规定相应声号.
A vessel nearing a bend or an area of a narrow channel or fairway where other vessels may be obscured by an intervening obstruction shall navigate with particular alertness and caution and shall sound the appropriate signal prescribed in Rule34(e)
7.任何船舶,如当时环境允许,都应避免在狭水道内锚泊.Any vessel shall，if the circumstances of the case admit，avoid anchoring in a narrow channel.
第十条 分道通航制
Rule 10 Traffic separation schemes
1. 本条合用于本组织采纳分道通航制，但并不解除任何船舶遵守任何其她各条规定责任。
This Rule applies to traffic separation schemes adopted by the Organization and does not relieve any vessel of her obligation under any other rule.
2. 使用分道通航制区域船舶应：A vessel using a traffic separation scheme shall:
（1）.在相应通航分道内顺着该分道船舶总流向行驶；Proceed in the appropriate traffic lane in the general direction of traffic flow for that lane.
（2）.尽量让开通航分隔线或分隔带；So far as practicable keep clear of a traffic separation line or separation zone.
（3）.普通在通航分道端部驶进或驶出，但从分道任何一侧驶进或驶