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以以Graphic organizers、句型、句型、字串融入英文閱讀與翻譯教學字串融入英文閱讀與翻譯教學 曾琦芬曾琦芬國立臺中科技大學國立臺中科技大學 應用英語系應用英語系 助理教授助理教授/12/12第1页簡歷簡歷o國立臺中科技大學國立臺中科技大學 應英系應英系助理教授助理教授o國立臺中護專國立臺中護專通識中心通識中心 助理教授助理教授o國立臺中女中國立臺中女中 專任教師專任教師o國立武陵高中國立武陵高中 專任教師專任教師o桃園縣瑞原國中桃園縣瑞原國中 專任教師專任教師o國立台灣師範大學英語系國立台灣師範大學英語系 英語教學博士英語教學博士o國立台灣師範大學英語系國立台灣師範大學英語系 語言學碩士語言學碩士o國立台灣師範大學英語系國立台灣師範大學英語系 學士學士第2页報告內容報告內容o怎样應用怎样應用Graphic organizers於教學中於教學中o以句型為單位教學以句型為單位教學o以字串以字串(lexis)為單位教學為單位教學第3页What are graphic organizers？Graphic organizers areovisual aids added to text and other instructional materials to communicate the organization of the text passage or the instructional material(Jonassen et al.,1993)第4页What can graphic organizers do?oLearners attention is directed to important information and they are thus less likely to become trapped in the details.oThe feature of two-dimensional arrangement helps learners to visualize abstract ideas and as a result brings about perceptual comprehension in learners.第5页Graphic Organizers vs.Expository oGraphic organizers are also found to be effective in facilitating teaching and learning of expository texts.第6页Cultural Preference of Writing Structure(of Expository)(Kapland,1966)第7页How to apply graphic organizers in EFL teaching?oTo use graphic organizers to teach reading texts oPost-graphic organizer usage is significantly more effective(Moore&Readence,1984).第8页Types of graphic organizersocause/effect ocomparison/contrast otime order osimple listing(logical division/examples)oproblem/solution 第9页An essay includesoAn introduction paragraphoBody paragraphsoA conclusion paragraphIntroductionParagraph(Hook+Thesis statement)Body paragraph 1Body paragraph 2Body paragraph 3Conclusion paragraph第10页Many causes one effectmalnutritionoverworka lack of sleeppoor health第11页One cause many effectsCauseEffect#3Effect#1Effect#2Effect#4第12页One cause many effectslosing jobsell the carbank taking away thehousetransferring to public schoolscut down onexpenses第13页Ripple effect(chain reaction)Excessive Emission of CO2Global temperature on the riseMelting of icebergSea level on the riseAnimals losing habitatsWeird weather change第14页IntroductionFeature 1Supporting sentences for Feature 1Feature 3Feature 2Supporting sentences for Feature 2Supporting sentences for Feature 3ConclusionIntroductionBodyConclusionComparison/Contrast;Simple list;Problem/Solution 第15页Time order第16页Narrative Hook BackgroundInfo Event 1Event 2Event 3(in time order)*Results*Lesson Learned*Comment第17页Two Very Different Ghost Festivals(東大東大,Book III,Lesson 3comparison/contrast)IntroductionBackground Information:Taiwan vs.USAThe gate of hell opens in Ghost month More detailsConclusionHalloween becomes a time of fun;the Ghost Festival is still a serious occasion.Customs during Ghost Month Donts during Ghost MonthCustoms for HalloweenWhat people do now on Halloween More detailsMore detailsMore detailsMore details第18页Students work:If I could make someone disappear If I could make someone disappear,I want that person to be the former Minister of Education,Tu Cheng-Sheng.There are three reasons why I want him to disappear.First,he dosed off at Legislative Yuan,and insisted that he was not sleeping;he was just closing his eyes.Second,he picked his nose in public.It is so disgusting.Where are his manners?Third,he put“three little pigs”on the idiom list.What kind of idiom is that?Therefore,if I could make someone disappear,I want that person to be Tu Cheng-Sheng.第19页“If I could make someone disappear”in graphic organizerIf I could make someone disappear,I want that person to be Tu Cheng-Sheng.Therefore,due to the above reasons,if I could make someone disappear,I certainly want that person to be Tu Cheng-Sheng.He once said that“the three little pigs”should be taken as an idiom.Didnt he have any sense at all?He should pick his nose in public.What a disgusting act!Only a very rude person would do such a thing.Where are his manners?He dosed off at the Legislative Yuan.Instead of apologizing,he insisted that he was just closing his eyes.第20页If I could make someone disappear:Re-organizedIf I could make someone disappear,I want that person to be Tu Cheng-Sheng.He was a person who talks black into white.Therefore,due to the above reasons,if I could make someone disappear,I certainly want that person to be Tu Cheng-Sheng.He once said that“the three little pigs”should be taken as an idiom.Didnt he have any sense at all?He should pick his nose in public.What a disgusting act!Only a very rude person would do such a thing.Where are his manners?He dosed off at the Legislative Yuan.Instead of apologizing,he insisted that he was just closing his eyes.He was a person with no manners at all.He misled students about Chinese idioms.第21页The Sandals That Saved My Life(東大東大,Book II,Lesson 1Narrative)-I was not popular.-A girl wanted to be my friend.-She rarelytalked tome.we met online;she did not want to be my friend-My moms phonecall made me realize one thing.-I think of my Moms love whenever I wearthe sandals.I cried;my mom comforted me;I couldnt sleepMy mom was out;I thought of killing myselfMy mom called;she found sandals for me;She said she loved me;I blamed myself第22页1四技二專英文科考題閱讀測驗1Expositorysimple listIntroductionI have to memorize things;I have picked some tips.The first rule is to repeat it in your mind.Exampleto remember classmates namesAnother trick is to build on small pieces to learn longer things.Short term memory vs.long term memoryConclusionPieces of information in short term memory is moved to long term memory by repetition.第23页1四技二專英文科考題閱讀測驗2Expositorytime order Step 1Find an Album.Nice,bigStrong,Made of paperStep 2Collect Family Treasures.Photos,Tickets,PostcardsStep 3Organize The Treasures.One personOne page;In time OrderMaking a family albumStep 4Label eachTreasure.Get help From Family member第24页句型應用句型應用o句型是骨架句型是骨架o單字是肌肉單字是肌肉o骨架拼對了骨架拼對了，雛形就清楚可辨雛形就清楚可辨第25页句型分類句型分類o依句子結構分類依句子結構分類o依詞性分類依詞性分類o依功效分類依功效分類第26页依句子結構分類依句子結構分類oS+VioS+Vt+Oo雙受詞句型雙受詞句型S+V+DO+prep+IO S+V+IO+DOo加補語句型加補語句型S+Vi+SCS+Vt+O+OC第27页S+VioWhat happened?oI never lie.oThe visitors left.oThey finally settled down.oJustin and Selina broke up.第28页S+Vt+OoHe finished all the food.oI enjoy jogging.oI want to have a smart phone.oI think that he is a decent man.oHe cant control himself.第29页S+Vt+O衍生句型衍生句型oPhrasal verbscarry out the plan,turn on the light bring about changes,figure it out,oPrepositional verbslook at me,take after my fatherlive on meat,deal with itoCatchby the collar,lookin the eye,oPay attention to,make use of,take care ofput an end to,make a fool of,第30页S+V+DO+prep+IOS+V+IO+DOogive the necklace to megive me the necklaceotell a story to the kidstell the kids a storyoremind sb.of sth.ocure sb.of illnessoinform sb.of sth.oProtect A from BoBlame sb.for sth.第31页S+Vi+SCS+Vt+O+OCoThe flower smells good.oYou look tired.oShe remained single.oThey went bankrupt.oI believe him innocent.oGet your job done.oI find the movie interesting.第32页依詞性分類依詞性分類o冠詞冠詞the old,a Picasso,an Einsteino代名詞代名詞some,and otherso關係詞關係詞those who,the reason whyo助動詞助動詞must have+pp,had better+Vo不定詞不定詞be about to+V,to be franko分詞分詞judging from,a red-haired girlo動名詞動名詞be worth+Ving,come near+Vingoit/thatit isthat,the fact that第33页依功效分類依功效分類o假設語氣與條件句假設語氣與條件句If I were;Provided that;I suggest that;It is about time;as ifo時間時間 notuntil;as soon as;no soonerthanby the time;when/whileo比較比較asas possible;as sly as a fox;even+比較級 第34页依功效分類依功效分類o讓步oalthough,despite,No matter+Wh.o否定ofar from,there is no+Ving,fail to+Vo目、結果、原因oresult in,sothat,with an eye to+Vingoowing to,according to,to my surprise o倒裝句oOnly when,Little do I know,Here it is.第35页應用句型與字串解析中翻英應用句型與字串解析中翻英o1學測o1.近年來，許多臺灣製作影片已經受到國際重視。oin recent years;oreceive international attention;obe internationally recognizedoIn recent years,many films produced in Taiwan have received international attention.第36页o2.拍攝這些電影地點也成為成為熱門觀光景點觀光景點。tourist attractions;tourist spotsThe places where these films were shot also become hot tourist attractions.第37页1學測o1.臺灣夜市早已早已被認為被認為足以代表代表我們在地文在地文化化。has long been consideredbe representative of;a symbol of;to represent local cultureNight markets in Taiwan have long been considered to represent our local culture.第38页o2.每年它們都吸引吸引了成千上萬成千上萬來自不一样國來自不一样國家家觀光客。hundreds of thousands offrom different countriesEvery year,they attract hundreds of thousands of tourists from different countries.第39页以字串以字串lexis為語言單位為語言單位othe Lexical Approach(Lewis,1993)oLexical items are socially sanctioned independent units;many are words,but many consist of multi-word units.第40页Why lexis?omuch native speaker language is formulaic;it is simply that the native speaker usually has a vastly greater range of formulae to call upon for use in a wider range of strategic domains(McCarthy,1991).oPrefabricated chunks;oformulaic speech;oformulaic expressions第41页oThese units can be analyzed;but modern research suggests that speech may be processed more rapidly if the units are perceived as single,unanalyzed wholes.第42页Different kinds of lexical itemsoWordsthe individual wordsoPloywordsfound in dictionaries;ex.of course,by the way,look up to.oCollocationsthe way individual words co-occur with others;ex.prices fell;incomes rose;take medicineoInstitutionalised expressionspragmatic in character;allow language user to manage aspects of the interaction 第43页Three types of institutionalized expressionsoShort,hardly grammaticalised utterances:Not yet.Certainly not.Just a moment,please.oSentence heads or frames to serve a certain pragmatic purpose:Sorry to interrupt,but can I just say;Thats all very well,but;oFull sentences with readily identifiable pragmatic meaning:You cant miss it.Its all yours.Keep the change.Rise and shine.第44页Archetypical utterances containing lloIll get it.oIll give you a ring.oIll drop you a line.oIll see what I can do.oTake my word for it.oYoull never get away from it.oThatll do.oI see what you mean.oWell see.oIts funny you should say that.It reminds me of第45页BenefitsoInstitutionalised expressions will be a help to any non-native learner.oA repertoire of such phrases is an important part of fluency for the intermediate and more advanced learner.oImmediate practical utility for elementary and lower intermediate learners(like tourist-style phrase books).第46页The fact isoA language contains,in addition to productive rules,a phrase book with grammatical notes.oMuch native speaker language is formulaic;the native speaker has a vast range of formulae.第47页Implications for EFL teachingoRaise students awareness of lexis.oTeach not only grammar rules,but lexis,including words,polywords,collocations,and institutionalised expressions.oTake 統測統測 for example.第48页結語結語oWhen teaching reading,teach both the content and the structure.oWhen teaching sentences,focus on sentence patterns(i.e.,collocations).oWhen teaching vocabulary,use lexis as the basis.oDo both bottom-up and top-down teaching.第49页Thank You for Thank You for Your Kind Attention!Your Kind Attention!第50页
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