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牛津9AUnit1知识点归纳难点解析语法复习.doc

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9A Unit 1 Star Signs 一 重点词汇解析 1. divide 【解析】divide作及物动词,意为“划分,分”。如: Here the river divides into two branches. 这条河在这里分成两条支流。 divide作不及物动词 divide …into…. 把…分成….. 【练一练】选择填空。 The year ______ four seasons. A. is divided by B. has divided in C. divides into D. is divided into 2. similar 【解析】形容词,“相似的,类似的”similarity (n.) 类似,相似 The two boys look very __________这两个孩子看上去很相似。 My problems are very similar__________ yours. 我的问题和你的差不多。 3. patient 【解析】patient 作形容词,意为“耐心的,忍耐的”。 be patient with表示“对……有耐心”。如: He is a_____________ man. 他是一个很有耐心的男人。 He is ______________with me when I was ill. 他在我生病的日子里对我没有耐心。 【知识链接】patient 还可以作名词,表示“病人”,在句中作宾语。如: The doctor ________________________at once and saved his life. 医生立即给病人实施手术,挽救了他的生命。 【练一练】选择填空。 The nurse is always patient ______ her patients. A. to B. at C. for D. with 4. curious 【解析】形容词,“好奇的” curiosity (n.) 好奇心 I'm curious to know what he said. 我很想知道他说了些什么。 be curious __________sth. 对(某事物)感到好奇 be curious ______do sth渴望(做) (be) curious to say 说来稀奇 5. save 【解析】save作动词,意为“储蓄,积攒”。save money for… 表示“为……存钱”。如: I am not good at____________. 我不擅长攒钱。 He__________________ for a new bicycle. 他正在攒钱买一辆新自行车。 save作动词,还可表示“挽救;节省;保留;收藏”等意思。如: A young man___________ a little girl from falling into the water. 一个青年救起了眼看要落入水中的女孩。 We’ll take a taxi to save time. 我们乘出租车,好节省时间。 Mother has saved some food for you. 妈妈给你留了点吃的。 I’ve saved one hundred stamps. 我已经收藏了一百张邮票了。 【练一练】根据汉语提示,完成句子。 (1)她在银行中存了许多钱。 She ______ ______ a lot of money in the bank. (2)他试图挽救他们的婚姻。He’s ______ ______ ______ their marriage. 6. argue 【解析】argue作不及物动词,意为“辩论,争论”。argue with sb. 与某人争论 argue about / on sth. 辩论某事”。argue的名词形式是___________________。如: We______________ with the waiter about the price of the meal. (= We had an _____________with the waiter about the price of the meal.) 我们跟服务员争执那顿饭的价钱。 Daniel often _______________his classmates about questions. 丹尼尔经常跟他的同学争论问题。 【练一练】选择填空。 (1)Tony, don’t argue ______ your grandmother. It’s impolite. A. with B. about C. for D. against (2)He argued ______ Mary ______ the best place for a holiday. A. to; about B. with; about C. to; on D. with; on 7. forgive 【解析】及物动词,意为“原谅,宽恕”。过去式forgave,过去分词forgiven。 I hope you'll forgive ______________. 希望你能原谅我。 One could /may be forgiven for____________(do) something. forgivable (adj.) 可宽恕的 forgiveness (n.) 饶恕, 宽大 8. mistake 【解析】名词,意为“错误,失误”。动词,意为“弄错,误解”。过去式mistook,过去分词mistaken。 He has ________________他犯了一个严重错误。 mistake one's meaning 误解一个人的意思 do sth. by mistake 错误地 He put salt into his tea by mistake. 他把盐误放进茶里。 mistake for 把...误认为 She________________ him for the teather. 她把他错当作老师了。 9. dream 【解析】dream作形容词,意为“梦想中的,理想的”。如: What is your __________________like? 你理想的家是什么样子的? dream作名词,表示“梦;梦想”。have a (n) … dream表示“做一个……梦”。如: He ________________________last night. 昨天晚上他做了一个奇怪的梦。 dream作动词,意为“做梦,梦见;梦想,向往”,它的过去式和过去分词有dreamed和dreamt两种形式。dream of / about (doing) sth. 表示“梦想(见)做某事”。如: The boy __________________a pilot. 那孩子一心想当个飞行员。 I dreamt that I was flying in the sky. 我梦见自己在空中飞翔。 【练一练】根据汉语提示,完成句子。 (1)她经常梦想着成为一名歌手。She often ______ ______ becoming a singer. (2)她从恶梦中醒来。 She woke up in the middle of ______ ______ ______. 10. explain 【解析】explain作及物动词时,后面既可接名词或代词作宾语,又可接从句和不定式结构作宾语。explain sth. to sb. 表示“向某人解释/说明某事”。如: It’s difficult _________________the problem. 要解释这个问题很难。 He explained ___________Mr Wu why he was late. 他向吴老师解释了他迟到的原因。 Please explain where to begin and how to do it. 请解释一下从哪儿开始,该怎么做。 Please explain this rule to me. 请把这条规则解释给我听。 He explained that he had to leave at once.他解释说他必须立即离开。 【知识链接】explain的名词是explanation。如: She demanded an explanation. 她要求给出一个解释。 【练一练】根据汉语提示,完成句子。 (1)他详细地向我们说明了他的计划。He ______ his plan ______ us in details. (2)我被要求解释这个句子的意思。 I was asked ______ ______ the meaning of the sentence. 11. awake 【解析】awake作形容词,意为“醒着的”,反义词是asleep。它在句中常作表语,也可作后置定语。wide awake表示“完全醒着,没有睡意”。如: Is he___________ or____________? 他是醒着还是睡着了? Anyone awake heard the sound. 任何醒着的人都听到了那个声音。 She is wide awake. 她毫无睡意。 【知识链接】wake作动词,意为“醒;醒来”。wake up表示“叫醒;醒来”。如: I woke up very early this morning. 我今天早上醒得很早。 【练一练】根据汉语提示,完成句子。 (1)交通噪音使我无法入睡。 The noise of the traffic ______ me ______. (2)别忘了六点之前把他叫醒。Don’t forget to ______ ______ ______ before six o’clock. 12. available 【解析】形容词,意为“可获得的,可找到的”。 My car is not available, and it is being repaired. 我的车现在不能用因为正在修理。 The ticket is available for three months. 票有效期为三个月。 He is not available for the job. 他不适宜做这个工作。 The doctor is not available now. 医生现在没空。 be available for use 可加以利用 make sth. available to /for 使...可以享受某物; 使...买得起某物 13. lively 【解析】lively作形容词,意为“活泼的,生气勃勃的”。如: Mr Wang’s lessons are always_____________________ 王老师的课总是生动有趣。 The marketplace was lively with vendors. 集市上熙熙攘攘,小贩忙忙碌碌。 【词语辨析】lively & living & live & alive lively意为“生动的;活泼的;有生气的”, 还可引申为“强烈的;敏锐的;紧张的;鲜艳的”,可作定语(前置)、表语、主补、宾补。如: The lecture is very lively. 这个讲座很生动。 He makes his class_______________. 他使得他的课生动形象。 living意为“活着的;现存的”,还可引申为“生动的;逼真的;栩栩如生的”,常用来指某人在某种时候是活着的,常作表语、主补、宾补和前置定语,多用于指物。如: So far man hasn’t found any living things on the moon. 迄今人类在月球上还没有发现生物。 live意为“活生生的”,强调不是假想的,还可引申为“有现实意义的;带电的;燃烧的;未爆炸的”,还可作“实况转播的”解。一般作定语;只修饰物;不修饰人。如: The live football match is on TV soon. 电视即将现场直播那场比赛。 alive意为“活着的”,还可引申为“有活力的;有生气的;活跃的”,常作表语、宾补、主补及后置定语,多用于指人。如: Is the fish _____________or alive? 这鱼是死的,还是活的? There aren’t many pandas alive in the world today. 目前世界上活着的熊猫数量不多。 【练一练】用lively, living, live或alive填空。 (1)There are more than 200 ______ languages in the world today. (2)Luckily, he was still ______ when he was found. (3)The scientists decided to do an experiment on those ______ mice. (4)How ______ the Chinese paintings are! 14. expression 【解析】名词,意为“词句,表达”。也可以表示“表达、表情、感情” He showed his expression of grateful thanks at the end of the letter. 他在那封信的结尾表达了自己的感激之情。 give expression to 表达, 反映, 表现, 叙述 All their ______________were not true. 他们所有的表情都不是真的。 without expression 毫无表情地 Her voice lacked _______________, 她的声音缺乏感情。 15. mark 【解析】mark作名词,意为“分数”。_____________ marks表示“满分”; _________________mark表示“及格分等”。如: The highest mark is A. 最高分数是A。 Zhang Ming got full marks in the exam. 张明在这次考试中得了满分。 mark也可作动词,意为“做标记;打分数”。如: He tried to mark all of the large cities on the map. 他试图在地图上把所有的大城市都标出来。 Please mark my examination paper first. 请先批改我的试卷。 【练一练】英汉互译。 (1)这个男孩在测试中经常得满分。 The boy often gets ______ ______ in tests. (2)I’ve marked the pages you need to read.(翻译) __________________________________ 15. extra 【解析】形容词,“额外的,附加的”;副词,“超过一般地; 特别地” extra pay for extra work 额外工作的额外报酬 Can I have extra time to finish my work? (额外的) an extra strong box 加固的箱子 Children were extra glad to see the foreign visitors. (特别地) 二 词性转换: n →adj. peace→______________ sadness→____________ power→ ______________ happiness →___________ energy→ ___________ practice→_____________ person→______________ humor→____________ success →_____________ confidence→_____________elegance →___________ v→adj. act →_____________ create →____________ imagine→_______________ suit →____________ organize→____________ relax →_____________ sleep →______________ worry→ ____________thought →__________ 三 反义词: active →____________ proud→_____________selfish→_______________ hard-working →__________strong →__________patient→____________ fair→________________ shy→_______________ silly→___________ easy-going→____________lively→______________formal→_____________ 复合形容词: adj./adv. + v.ing hard-working easy-going outgoing good-looking 四 【短语及句型归纳】 1. read your stars 看你的星座 2. What is your star sign? = What star sign are you? 你什么星座? 3. it is nice/ kind of you to do sth. 你做某事真好。 be kind to sb. 对某人友善 4. bring me the newspaper 带给我报纸 5. have lots/ a lot /much to eat and drink 有许多吃的喝的 6. worry about (not)dong sth 担心(不)做某事 7. learn about 了解…… 8. be divided into …….. 被分成…… 9. people born under the same star sign 出生在同一星座的人 10. share similar characteristics 有(分享)相同的性格 the date of your birth你的出生日期 the place of your birth你的出生地 11. at times = sometimes = from time to time 有时 12. like to be the leader 喜欢成为领导 13. give up easily 轻易放弃 14. take care of others 照顾别人 15. love one’s home and family 爱家庭,爱家人 16. save money 省钱,节约钱 17. be confident of sth. 对….有信心 18. be confident of doing sth. 有信心做某事 19. buy sb sth/ buy sth for sb 为某人买某物 20. worry too much 担心太多 21. pay attention to details注意细节 22. argue with others 和别人争吵 23. argue with sb. about/over sth. 就某事与某人争吵 24. love peace 热爱和平 25. keep secrets 保守秘密 26. energetic = be full of energy = have lots of energy 精力充沛/充满活力 27. forgive others for their faults 原谅别人的过错 28. have a good sense of humour 有很好的幽默感 29. love travelling to different places 喜欢到不同的地方旅行 30. be good at doing sth.=do well in doing sth. 擅长做某事 31. hate to be like anyone else 讨厌和别人一样 32. be patient enough to wait without getting angry 有足够的耐心等待而不生气 33. try to do everything differently 努力把每件事做得不一样 34. dream about everything 梦想一切 35. agree with each other 彼此同意 36. care only about oneself 只在意自己 37. treat everyone equally 平等对待每人 38.have a good sense of humour 有很好的幽默感 39. feel sure about one’s ability 对自己的能力有信心 40.love being friends with him 喜欢和他是朋友 41.tell jokes/tell a lie /tell a story讲笑话/说谎/讲故事/ 42.share sth. with sb. 和某人分享某物 43.all kinds of different ideas各种各样不同的想法 44. spend time /money doing sth 花时间/钱做某事 45. explain things to sb 向某人解释某事 46. show off 炫耀 47.balloons of all colours各种颜色的气球/五颜六色的气球 48. give each of us two gifts 给我们每人两份礼物 49.at all times = all the time 一直,总是 50. lend me a dictionary= lend a dictionary to me 51. the first cloned sheep第一只克隆羊 52. pass …… (on ) to ……. 把…..传给…… 53. be on the phone 在电话里 54. have /let /make sb do sth让某人做某事 55. have my bike repaired请人修理我的自行车 56.find a wallet lying on the ground发现地上有一只钱包 57.have a lot to celebrate 有许多事情要庆祝 58. make a new friend 交了新朋友 59. have success at school or work 在学习和工作中取得成功 be successful at school or work 60. around the middle of the month 大约这个月的中旬 61. call Mr zhang on 84166488 打电话84166488找张先生 62. both good luck and bad luck好运与坏运并存 63. have problems with one’s health 健康方面有问题 64. have difficulty/problems dong sth. 做某事有困难/问题 65. have fun doing sth. 做某事有乐趣 66. need to get lots of rest 需要好好休息 67.be able to = can能 后面加动词原形 e up with new ideas = think of new ideas 想出新主意 69.recommend sb. as the new chairperson 推荐某人作新的主席 68, finish all the summer homework 完成所有的暑假作业 70.get full/good marks in English exams 在英语考试中得到好分数/满分 71. get high / low marks 获得高分/低分 72. be afraid of making a speech to a large group of people害怕给一群人演讲 73. speak in front of the whole school 在全校面前发言 74.show sb. how to use the library向某人展示如何使用图书馆 75. try one’s best = do one’s best 尽力 76. worry about my ability to do all the extra work 担心我做所有额外工作的能力 77. learn to use the computer学习使用电脑 78. get more organized 变得更有条理 79. have many good personal qualities 有许多好的个人品质 80. mind doing extra work介意做额外的工作 81. have all the qualities to be a good chairperson具备当一名好的学生会主席的所有品质 82. agree with sb同意某人 83. It’s our pleasure. 这是我们的荣幸 84. have the ability to do all the extra work 有能力所有额外的工作 85. the most suitable person最适合的人 86. It’s very nice of you to say so.你这样说真是太好了 【难点解析】 1. be able to 能, 会   可用于各种时态 ;can 只有一般现在时,一般过去时 2. I’ll have lots (lots of things ) to eat and drink today . 今天我将有许多可以吃喝的东西 ↖______↙ to eat and drink 为后置定语 3. 为(不)(干)某事而担心 worry about (not) (doing ) sth / be worried about (doing ) sth You should worry about _________(get) fatter. 你应该担心发胖。 I have been worried about (having) the exam for a whole week. 我一个星期以来都担心那场考试。 6. Your star sign is decided by your date of birthday. = Your date of birthday decides your star sign. 你得生日日期决定了你的星座 I decided to go fishing this afternoon = I made a decision to go fishing this afternoon. 我决定今天下午去钓鱼 7. Some people believe that people (who are )born under the same star sign share similar characteristics . ↖______↙ 一些人认为出生在同一个星座下的人都着相似的特征 that引导宾语从句,(who are )born under the same star sign为后置定语 similar 相似的, 类似的 be similar to sb/sth My answer is similar to yours . My answer is like (looks like )yours My answer and your answer are alike. My answer is the same with yours. 9. Don’t give up easily. 别轻易放弃。 Give up doing sth.==Stop doing sth. 11.You like to buy your friends nice gifts. 你乐意为朋友购买精美的礼物。 ★buy作动词时,后面常接双宾语,即有buy sb. sth.或buy sth. for sb.的用法。如: ① He bought me a new coat. 他给我买了件新外套。 ★除了buy外,在英语中,还有一些动词后面带有两个宾语。其中一个宾语是直接宾语,另一是间接宾语,我们把它称为双宾语现象。双宾语里有些位置基本是固定的,teach, ask就属这种情况。如:He taught us English. May I ask you some questions? 有些位置可前可后,但要在两个宾语之间加介词。如在give, pass, lend, show, bring等词后加to;在ask, buy, draw, get, make等词后加for。如: ① Please give me the pen.  =Please give the pen to me.   请把那支钢笔给我。 ② Can you pass him the ruler?=Can you pass the ruler to him?你可以把那把尺递给我吗? ★如直接宾语是代词,则无论间接宾语是名词还是代词都应将直接宾语放在动词之后。如: ① Would you please give it to me? 你把它给我,好吗?(不能说Would you please give me it.) ② I will buy it for you. 我就给你买。(不能说I will buy you it.) 12. You worry too much at times. 你有时过于小心。 ★too much可以修饰不可数名词,在名中作定语;too much也可以单独使用,相当于一个代词,在句中可作主语、表语或宾语。too much也可作副词,修饰动词,在句中作状语,表示“过于”“太多”(=more than enough)。如: ① I drank too much beer last night. 昨天晚上我啤酒喝得太多了。(作定语) ★ much too在句中只用作状语,修饰形容词或副词,表示“太、过、非常”。如: 小试身手 ① It is ___________________hot today. 今天实在太热了。 ②I don’t enjoy reading____________________. 我不喜欢看太多书。(作状语) ③ She talks_______________ 她说话简直太多了。(作状语) 15. You like to keep secrets. 你能保守秘密。 ★keep secrets或keep a secret。 意为“保守秘密”。这种“keep + 名词”的用法,在英语中遇然见到。如: They asked us to keep secrets for them. 他们要我们为他们保守秘密。 ★keep + 形容词表示“继续保持某种状态”,其中keep为连系动词。如: ① I hope to keep healthy. 我希望保持健康。 ② Keep quiet and listen to me. 安静,听我说。 ★“keep + 宾语 + 形容词/分词/介词短语”是个常用词组,其中“形容词/分词/介词短语”是宾语补足语,表示“使……保持某种状态”。如: ① I was too tired to keep my eyes open. 我累得连眼睛都睁不开了。 ② It’s a good way to keep our classroom clean. 最好的办法是保持我们的教室干净。 ★词组keep…away (from),意为“不让靠近”。接介from短语时,表示“妨碍”或“免遭……”。如: ① You should _______________________________the running machine. 你应该让你的长发远离转动的机器。 ② I mustn’t____________ your work. 我不能妨碍你去干你的工作。 ③ We must keep this from ________________(get) dirty. 我们一定要尽力别把这弄脏了。 ★keep后面可以直接用动词+ing的形式,表示“持续做某事”“不间断地做某事”。如: ① My father kept coughing all right. 我父亲整夜咳嗽。 ② Don’t keep talking in class. 课上不要一直讲话。 16. However, some people think that you are strange. 但也有人认为你有点怪。 ★副词however表示上、下文在意义上的转折,意为“然而”“不过”“但是”。However在句中的位置比较灵活,可以在句首、句中或句末,有时用逗号与句子其他成份隔开,有时则不用,须看其在句中的意义而定。如: ① His efforts, however, proved a failure. 但他的努力结果都失败了。 ② He hasn’t arrived; he may come later, however. 他还没有来,不过,他可能晚点来。 17. hate to do sth 讨厌做某事 make/be friends with 和……交朋友 I hate to ____________________selfish people.我讨厌和小气的人交朋友 18. be good at 擅长于做某事 do well in 在……方面做得不错 19. balloons of all colours =colour
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