同等学力英语作文活用句型.doc

同等学力英语作文活用句型I. 用于文章主题句 1. 不用说?It goes without saying that子句= (It is) needless to say (that)子句= It is obvious that子句= Obviously, S. + V.例不用说早睡早起是值得的。It goes without saying that it pays to keep early hours.2. 是不可能的; 无法There is no Ving= There is no way of Ving.= There is no possibility of Ving.= It is impossible to V.= It is out of the question to V.= No one can V.= We cannot V.例不可否认的?成功的事业关键在于健康的身心。There is not denying that successful business lies in a healthy body and mind.3. 我深信I am greatly convinced (that)子句= I am greatly assured (that)子句例我深信预防是于治疗。I am greatly convinced that prevention is better than cure.4. 在各种之中?Among various kinds of , = Of all the , 例在各种运动中?我尤其喜欢慢跑。Among various kinds of sports, I like jogging in particular. 5. 是很容易证明的。It can be easily proved (that)子句例时间最珍贵是很容易证明的。It can be easily proved that nothing is more precious than time.6. 无论如何强调都不为过 cannot be overemphasized例交通安全的重要性无论如何强调都不为过。The importance of traffic safety cannot be overemphasized.7. 就我的看法?；我认为In my opinion, = To my mind, . = As far as I am concerned, = I am of the opinion that子句例就我的看法?打电动玩具既花费时间也有害健康。In my opinion, playing video games not only takes much time but is also harmful to health.8. (A) 每个人都知道Everyone knows (that)子句(B) 就我所知?As far as my knowledge is concerned, 例就我所知?下列方法对我帮助很大。As far as my knowledge is concerned, the following ways are of great help to me.9. 毫无疑问地?There is no doubt (that)子句例毫无疑问地?近视在我国的年轻人中是一个严重的问题。There is no doubt that near-sightedness is a serious problem among the youth of our country.10. 根据我个人经验?According to my personal experience, = Based on my personal experience, 例根据我个人经验?微笑已带给我许多好处。According to my personal experience, smile has done me a lot of good.11. 在我认识的人当中?也许没有一个人比更值得我尊敬。Of all the people I know, perhaps non deserves my respect more than 例在我认识的人当中?也许没有一个人比我的英文老师张老师更值得我尊敬。Of all the people I know, perhaps non deserves my respect more than Miss Chang, my English teacher. 12. 在我的求学过程中?我忘不了In the course of my schooling. I will never forget 例在我的求学过程中?我忘不了学习英文所遭到的大困难。In the course of my schooling. I will never forget the great difficulty I encountered in learning English.13. (A) 随着人口的增加? With the increase/growth of the population, (B) 随着科技的进步, With the advance of science and technology, 例随着台湾经济的快速发展?许多社会问题产生了。With the rapid development of Taiwans economy, a lot of social problems have come to pass.14. (A) 在这信息的年代?扮演重要的角色。In the age of information and communication, plays an important role.(B) 在今日工业社会中?是生命不可或缺的。In todays industrial society, is indispensable to life.例在这信息的年代?计算机扮演非常重要的角色。In this age of information and communication, the computer plays an extremely important role.15. 在讨论?一个人不得不承认。In dealing with , one cannot but admit (that)子句例在讨论未来的职业?一个人不得不承认尽早决定未来的职业很重要。In dealing with ones future career, one cannot but admit that it is very important to decide ones future career as early as possible.16. 世上没有什么比更令我高兴。Nothing in the world can delight me so much as 例世上没有什么比到快餐店吃汉堡更令我高兴。Nothing in the world can delight me so much as having hamburgers in fast-food restaurants.17. 是必要的 It is necessary that S (should) V 是重要的 It is important/essential that S (should) V 是适当的 It is proper that S (should) V 是紧急的 It is urgent that S (should) V例我们当保持公共场所清洁是应当的。It is proper that we (should) keep the public places clean.18. 每当我听到?我就忍不住感到兴奋。Whenever I hear , I cannot but feel excited.每当我做? 我就忍不住感到悲伤。 Whenever I do , I cannot but feel sad.每当我想到?我就忍不住感到紧张。Whenever I think of , I cannot but feel nervous.每当我遭遇?我就忍不住感到害怕。Whenever I meet with , I cannot but feel frightened.每当我看到 我就忍不住感到惊讶。Whenever I see , I cannot but feel surprised.例每当我想到我家附近那一条清澈的小溪?我就忍不住感到悲伤。Whenever I think of the clean brook near my home, I cannot but feel sad.= Every time I think of the clean brook near my home, I cannot help feeling sad.19. 据说 It is said (that)子句一般认为 It is thought (that)子句大家都知道 It is known (that)子句据报导 It is reported (that)子句一般预料 It is expected (that)子句一般估计 It is estimated (that)子句一般相信 It is believed (that)子句例一般相信阅读增加我们的知识、扩大我们的心胸。It is believed (that) reading increases our knowledge and broadens our mind.20. 的主要理由是The main reason why . is (that)子句例青少年犯罪的主要理由是社会环境日一败坏。The main reason why the juveniles commit crimes is that social environment is becoming worse. 21. 俗语说得好：。Well goes an old saying, = As an old saying goes(runs, says), = An old saying goes, = Its an old saying (that)子句例俗话说得好：诚实为上策。As an old saying goes, Honesty is the best policy.22. (A) 用下列方法 in the following ways.(B) 有三个主要理由。 for three major reasons.(C) 要?至少我们可做三件事。 To , there are at least three things we can do.例(A) 我用下列方法增加信心。I increase my confidence in the following ways.(B) 人们学外语有三个理由。People learn a foreign language for three major reasons.(C) 为了维护健康?我们每天至少可做三件事。To keep healthy, there are at least three things we can do every day.II. 用于文章承转句23. 那就是(说)；亦即That is to say, = That is, = Namely, 例我们生活需有规律。也就是说?早睡早起?戒除烟酒。We need to live a regular life. That is, we can keep good hours and refrain from smoking and drinking in the daily activities.24. (A) 基于这个理由? For this reason, (B) 为了这个目的? For this purpose, 例基于这个理由?我已决定把行医作为未来的职业。For this reason, I have decided to take practicing medicine as my future career.25. 我们有理由相信We have reasons to believe (that)子句例我们有理由相信体罚应该严格禁止。We have reasons to believe that corporal punishment should be strictly prohibited.26. 事实上?As a matter of fact, = In fact, 例事实上?健康才是最重要。As a matter of fact, it is health that counts.八、英译汉试题中常见的重要短语及典型句型1 It is not thatbut that这不是说，而是说【例1】It is not that the scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working ; but that the latter is much finer apparatus and of couse much more accurate in its measurement than the former.【译文】这并不是说在一种情况下所使用的磅秤和在另一种情况下所使用的天平在构造原理上或工作方式上存在差别，而是说与前者相比，后者是一种更精密得多的装置，因而在计量上必然更加准确。2 nothing else than完全是，实在是【例1】What the man said was nothing else than nonsense.【译文】那个人讲的话完全是一派胡言。【例2】It is nothing else than a blackmail.【译文】这简直就是敲竹杠。3 as引导的特殊状语从句，翻译时做定语从句处理。【例1】We hope the measures to control prices, as they have been taken by the government , will succeed.【译文】我们希望，政府已经采取的控制物价的措施将取得成功。4 “名词+or+名词”结构中，or后的名词是同位语，应译为“即；或者称”。【例1】Moreover, technology includes techniques ,or ways to do things , as well as the manchines that may or may not be necessary to apply them.【译文】再者，除机器外技术还包括技艺，即制作方法，而运用这些记忆并不一定都需要机器。5 morethan结构有三种译法：than连接肯定形式的从句时，该从句译为否定句；在比较的基础上表示选择关系时，可译为“与其说不如说”；进行同类比较时，译成“比更”。【例1】The complexity of the human situation and injustice of the social order demand far more fundamental changes in the basic structure of society itself than some politicians are willing to admit in their speeches.【译文】人类社会形势的复杂性和社会制度的不公正性要求对社会基本结构进行彻底变革，而一些政客口头上是很不愿意承认这一点的.【分析】这是一个主从复合句，连词than前为主句，than后为从句。虽然本句是进行程度上的比较，但从句意义是否定的，故译成否定句。【例2】It seems that these two branches of science are mutually dependent, and that the socalled division between the pure scientist and the applied scientist is more apparent than real.【译文】看来，这两门学科是相互依存的，因为在理论科学家和应用科学家之间，与其说存在着所谓的区分，不如说这种区分只是表面存在的。【分析】这是一个主从复合句，“It seems”是主句，”thatand that”为两个并列的主语从句，在句子中作真正主语。【例3】There are more cars on the roads in summer than in winter.【译文】夏天公路上的汽车比冬天多。6 no more than与not any more thanno more than与not any more than同义，不可简单地看成是more than的否定形式。具体地说，这一结构可能是带有一定的感情色彩的否定形式，也可能是一种较特殊的类比形式。其翻译方法有二；表示同类否定比较时，可译为“不比更”或“都同样不”；表示比喻关系时，可译为“正如不，也不”。【例1】The food on the ship was no better than on any other ship on which Billy had sailed.【译文】这条船上(供应的)食品并不如比利工作过的其他船上的(食品)好。(括号里的词是可以省略的。)【分析】这是一个主从复合句、主句是“The food no better” , “than on any other ship”是省略了比较对象的比较状语从句，从句on which 引导的定语从句修饰先行词ship.本句中no more than用于同类否定的比较，可译为“不如”。【例2】The archaeologistsefforts are not directed at“proving”the correctness of the Bible any more than belief in God can be scientifically demonstrated.【译文】正如信仰上帝不能从科学上证明一样，考古学家们的努力并不是要“验证”圣经的正确性。【分析】这是一个主从复合结构。主句是“The archaeologistsefforts are the Bible ”,“thandemonstrated”为从句。用于此种情况的no more than和not any more than 不能译为“不比更多”，因为它不是more than的简单否定，实际上是用来把前后部分进行比较的一种用法。要把than以后的部分译成否定句“正如不”，然后也用否定式译出作为全句中心信息的前半部分。这两种句型是通过曲折的方式来表达“相等”或“近似”的一种说法，故也属等比句型。【例3】No one can hold back the tide of revolution any more than a man with a broom can hold a flood that has burst the dam.【译文】任何人都无法阻挡革命洪流，正如一个人不能拿着扫帚去挡住决了堤的洪水一样。【分析】这又是一个主从复合句，No one can revolution是主句，than至句末为比较状语从句，其中that has burst the dam 为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词flood.翻译这类句式时要注意，这些从句形式上虽然都是肯定句，译成汉语时必须是否定句。7 not so much as 与其说不如说【例1】Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.【译文】新学派科学家说，科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼见，不如说源于改进了的技术和工具等等更为普遍的东西。【分析】这是一个主从复合句。插入语they say 是主句，Science moves forward,.and tools是宾语从句。 not so much.as连接的是状语，as引导的状语从句中，由于上下文清楚，主谓语都省略了，即as(sciencemoves forward.)because of.not so much.as也可译为“与其说不如说”，它所表达的逻辑关系和more than有相似之处，也是在比较的基础上进行判断和选择，被比较的事物也同属一个范畴。所不同的是， more.than表示前重后轻的逻辑关系，而not so much as和less than 表示前轻后重的逻辑关系，这两个结构中信息重心落在句尾，因此不必倒过来译，只须按原文的词序顺译即可。8 the same as与相同【例1】You have made the same mistake as last time.【译文】你又犯了同上次一样的错误。9 no less than(no less than)不但而且；不亚于；简直是，实在是【例1】China insists always on the need for selfreliance, no less in economic policie than in making revolution.【译文】中国始终坚持独立自主，不但在进行革命方面，而且在经济政策方面都是如此。【分析】这是一个简单句,no less than连接两个介词短语做状语。no less than连接两个并列的成分，信息重心在前，因此汉译时要倒过来译。【例2】There were no less than one thousand people at the meeting.【译文】到会的有一千人之多(有“到会人多”的含义)【分析】 no less than 连写时，意为“不亚于”、“多达”，强调数量多。not less than 连写时，意为“不少于”，无数量多或少的含义。如：There were not les than one thousand people at the meeting.到会的至少有一千人(没有到会人多或少的含意)。【例3】It is no less than blackmail to ask such a high price.【译文】如此索要高价，简直是敲诈。【分析】本句型是由no加差比句式构成的，是通过曲折的方式来表达“相等”或“近似”的一种说法。10 none other than不是正是；除了外，不会是【例1】Reaction other than the desired one often occur when reactants are brought together.【译文】当这些反应物放在一起时，常发生不希望有的一些反应(即：常发生与希望有的反应不同的反应)。【分析】other than 为固定结构，其义有二：一是“与不同，而不是”；二是“除了”之意。可插入名词，本句中做“与不同”解。【例2】Other women than Sally would have said nothing.【译文】除了萨利，别的女子就什么也不说了。【分析】other than 可分写为other than, other 后可插入名词，than 的意思是“除了”。11 nothing but = nothing else than = nothing less than不是别的正是【要点】本句型亦为强调判断句。常译作“不是别的正是”。【例1】Genius is nothing but labor and diligence.【译文】天才不过是劳动加勤奋而已。【例2】His failure was due to nothing else than his own carelessness.【译文】他的失败完全是由于他自己的粗心。【例3】His negligence was nothing less than criminal.【译文】他的粗心大意无异于犯罪。12 much less = still less 更不，更无【例1】I could not agree to , much less participate in such proceedings.【译文】我不能同意这种行为，更谈不上参加这些行动了。【例2】He is too shy to ask a stranger the time, still less speak to a room full of people.【译文】他连向陌生人打听时间都不好意思，更不用说向一屋子人讲话了。【分析】much less, still less 引导的词组或从句，表示一种追加的否定，所以这两个词组只能用于否定句中。需要指出的是，to say nothing of , not to speak of , not to mention let alone这四个词组的意思也是“更不用说”，也表示一个追补的说法，但它们与much less和still less有所不同，这些词组可以随前一句的意思而定。前一句是肯定，则追加的也是肯定意义，如果前一句是否定，则追加的也是否定意义，如：【例3】In old China, there was hardly any machinebuilding industry , to say nothing of electronic industry.【译文】在旧中国，几乎没有什么机械制造工业，更不用说电子工业了。【分析】由于to say nothing of 前面的句子是否定意义，因此后面句子的意义也是否定的，表示既没有机械制造工业，也没有电子工业。【例4】Sally takes singing and dancing lessons, to say nothing of swimming and tennis lessons.【译文】萨利上了唱歌和舞蹈课，而且还上游泳和网球课。【分析】由于to say nothing of 前面的句子是肯定意义，因此后面句子的意义也是肯定的，表示萨利既上了唱歌和跳舞课，也赏了游泳和网球课。13 anything but 根本不；all but 几乎，差一点，除以外其余都是；but for 要不是；but that +从句：若不是【例1】Alone in a deserted house, he was so busy with his research work that he felt anythingbut lonely.【译文】虽然他单独一人呆在这所无人居住的房子里，但他埋头于研究工作，一点也没有感到孤独。【分析】这是一个主从复合句。he was so busy work是主句，that 至句末为结果状语从句，句首Alone.house为形容词短语做让步状语。句中anything but 意为not at all , 句中but 做介词，意为except.【例2】The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind; it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation.【译文】科学研究的方式不过是人类思维活动的必要表达方式，也就是对一切现象进行思索并给以准确而严谨解释的表达方式。【分析】这是一个并列复合句，两个分句由分号表连接。从意义上看，后句是用来进一步说明前句的。在第一个分句中，词组nothing but做“只不过”解。第二个分句中by which 所引导的定语从句修饰mode.在定语从句中simply作“仅仅”、“只不过”解；are resoned about在这里reason是动词，作“论究、思索”解；exact译作“严谨”。本句中的nothing but作“只不过”、“仅仅”解。【例3】It was all but impossible to climb back into the boat.【译文】再回到小船上已几乎不可能了。【分析】此句中的all but 意为nearly, almost(几乎，差点儿)。但有时all but 作all except(除而外的全部)解，如：He could find all but one of his books.他的书全能找到，只有一本除外。【例4】But for the rain we would have had a nice holiday.【译文】要不是你看见我掉在水里，我早就淹死了。【分析】but that 引导的定语从句中谓语用陈述语气，主句的谓语可用虚拟语气。14 not nearly (= far from , much less than)相差很远，远远少于【例1】The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this, which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food.【译文】食品供应将远远赶不上人口的增长，这就意味着我们在粮食的生产和购销两方面正陷入危机。【分析】这是一个主从复合句，非限制性定语从句的关系代词which之前为主句，which引导定语从句，在定语从句中关系代词that又引导宾语从句。15 can not.too.再也不过分，应该【例1】We cannot be too faithful to our duties.【误译】我们不能太忠于职守。【正译】我们必须尽力忠于职守。(我们再忠于职守也不过分。)【例2】You cannot attach too much importance to the matter.【误译】你不能十分重视这件事。【正译】你应该十分重视这件事。(你再怎么重视这件事也不过分。)16 as well as(=in addition)也，和一样，除之外，不但而且【例1】The Socialist Revolution requires a change of the superstructure as well as a change of the economic basis.【译文】社会主义革命不仅要求改变经济基础，也要求改变上层建筑。【分析】as well as作连词连接两个对等的部分，其信息重心在as well as之前的部分，翻译时应先翻译as well as之后的部分，再翻译as well as之前的部分。【例2】Revolution in the Marxist science means a moral as well as a material Change.【译文】根据马克思主义的学说，革命不但意味着物质的改变，而且意味着精神的改变。【分析】根据马克思主义的学说，革命意味着精神和物质的改变见“译文”(句中as well as为连接词组，意为“不但而且，既又”(=not only.but also.，不作and解)，在句中连接并列成分，故译成汉语时，as well as的前后两部分要互换位置。)17 more than + 从句(谓语中含can或could)实在不能【例1】Some math problems in that book are more than l can work out.【译文】那本书的数学难题我实在解不出来。【分析】本句形式上是进行程度上的比较，但than引导的从句意义上是否定的，故译为否定句。18 “.，only to +动词”意为“，结果却”【例1】They dont have to pay for expensive seats at the theatre，the cinema or the opera，only to discover，perhaps，that the show is disappointing.【译文】他们不必花钱去剧院、电影院或歌剧院买价格昂贵的票，结果却发现，演出的节目令人失望。【分析】only to discover前为主句，only to discover后为动词不定式短语，其宾语为that从句，作结果状语。：“.，only to + v.”表示与句子谓语动作的目的相反的结果。19 Nor+because.“不是因为”