比较级、祈使句、感叹句、反义疑问句.doc

(完整版)比较级、祈使句、感叹句、反义疑问句 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级一、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则1一般单音节词和少数以-er,ow结尾的双音节词，比较级在后面加-er，最高级在后面加-est；(1）单音节词如：smallsmallersmallest shortshortershortest talltallertallest greatgreatergreatest（2）双音节词如：clevercleverercleverest narrownarrowernarrowest 2以不发音e结尾的单音节词，比较在原级后加r，最高级在原级后加-st；如：largelargerlargest nicenicernicest ableablerablest3在重读闭音节（即：辅音元音辅音）中,先双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级加er，最高级加-est;如: bigbiggerbiggest hothotterhottest fatfatterfattest4以“辅音字母y”结尾的双音节词，把y改为i，比较级加er，最高级加-est；如：easyeasiereasiest heavyheavierheaviest busybusierbusiest happyhappierhappiest5其他双音节词和多音节词，比较级在前面加more，最高级在前面加most；如：beautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful differentmore differentmost different easilymore easilymost easily注意：形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the，副词最高级前可不用。 例句: The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world。 6有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必须熟记。如:goodbetterbest wellbetterbest badworseworst illworseworst oldolder/elderoldest/eldest many/muchmoremost littlelessleast far further/farther furthest/farthest二、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级用法:1。 原级的用法：用于两者之间对比，意思为“和相同”相当于the same as肯定句：A+动词.+as+形容词/副词原级+as BTom is as honest as Jack。 Jack runs as fast as Peter。否定句：A+动词。+not as/so.+形容词/副词原级+as B This tree is not as/so tall as that one.2. 比较级的用法:1)A+动词+形容词/副词比较级+than+ BSusan is happier than Jane。 Lily run faster than Mary注：形容词/副词比较级前还可以用much， even, still, a little，far， a lot, a bit来修饰.2）数字（倍数）+形容词/副词比较级+thanIm two years older than you。Our classroom is twice bigger than yours.3）比较级+and+比较级，表示“越来越”The earth is getting warmer and warmer。4）the +比较级，the +比较级，表示“越， 就越” The more， the better. 越多越好.(多多益善）3. 最高级用法：用于三者及以上的人或事物的比较，最高级前加the，最高级前有物主代词，序数词和名词所有格时，不加定冠词，后面跟带in或of表范围的短语。1)one of the +最高级Shanghai is one of the most beautiful cities in China.2）比较级句型表达最高级意义 A+动词+比较级+than+any other+B（单数) 如：The Changjiang River is longer than any other river in China。 A+动词+比较级+than+the other+B(复数) 如：The Changjiang River is longer than the other rivers in China。 以上两句意思相当于:The Changjiang River is the longest river in China。一. 写出以下各形容词的比较级和最高级:1。 nice _ 2. fat _3. slow _4. dry _5. happy _ 6. wet _7. much _ 8。 ill _9。 little _ 10。 bad _11。 thin _ 12. far _13。 early _ 14。 careful_15。 exciting _ 二、根据句意，用所括号内所级形容词的比较等级形式填空：1、The Changjiang River is the_（long)river in China.2、Sue is a little_（beautiful) than her sister3、My room is not as_(big)as my brothers4、-How difficult is physics？-Im not sure Is it_(difficult）than maths？-I dont think so5、-Annie plays the piano very_(well)。Sue plays it _(well)than Annie。 And Sally plays it the_（well).6、Saturday is my_(busy)day in a week.7、Her mother is getting _（fat）and _（fat).8、I think its too expensive. Id like a_（cheap)one.9、He comes to school much _(early） than I.10、This book is not as_(interesting）as that one。11、Your classroom is _（wide）and_（bright)than ours.12、Practise as _(much） as you can.13、The _(much）,the_(good）.14、Nowadays English is _(important）than any other subject，i think。15、Most of the students think a lion is much_（dangerous) than a bear and it is the_（dangerous)animal in the world.16、An orange is a little _（big)than an apple,but much_(small） than a watermelon.三、用所给词的正确形式填空： 1. Of the two girls， I find Lucy the _ (clever）. 2。 Gold(黄金) is _ （little) useful than iron(铁). 3。 My sister is two years _ (old ） than I。 4. Johns parents have four daughters, and she is the _ (young) child. 5。 The _ （cheap) bags are the not usually the best ones。 6. The short one is by far _ expensive of the five。 7. The boy is not so _ (interesting） as his brother. 8. Dick sings _ (well), she sings _(well） than John， but Mary sings_（well) in her class.9。 She will be much _ （happy） in her mew house. 四、翻译句子：1、谁比Jim年纪大?是你。_ is _than Jim？_ are2、谁比David更强壮？是Gao Shan._ than David？Gao Shan_.3、谁的铅笔更长，他的还是她的？我想是她的。_ pencil is _，_or_？_is，I think.4、谁的苹果更重，你的姐姐的还是你的弟弟的？我的弟弟的._ apples_，your _ or your _? My _。5、你和你的叔叔一样高吗？是的。_ _as _as your uncle?Yes,I am.6、他和他的朋友Jim一样年轻。He _ as_ as _ Jim。7、她和她的双胞胎哥哥一样胖吗？不，她比他瘦._ _ as _ as_ twin _？ No, _ _ than him.8。Yang Ling每天睡得比SuYang晚。 Yang Ling _ to _ _ than Su Yang every day。 9。我跳得和Mike一样远。 I _ as _ as Mike. 10.Tom比你跑得快吗？不是的，他和我跑得一样快. _ Tom _ _ than you？No,he _. He_ as_ as_.11.多做运动，你会更强壮。 _ more exercise,youll _ _ soon. 12。我的科学很好，但是语文不好。 I _ _ at Science.But I dont _ well in Chinese。 13. 你放风筝比王兵放得高吗？不,我比他放得低._you_the kite_than Wang bing？No,I_it _than_.14。我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢.I like_。All my_ _than me。15。我的姐姐起得比我早。My_ up _than me.16。女孩比男孩唱得好吗?是的._the girls_ _ _the boys? Yes，they _。17.她不擅长体育。但我跳得没有她高。She doesnt _ _in PE。 But I dont _ _than_。18.你足球踢得比你的同班同学好吗？不,他们踢得和我一样好。_ you _football _than your classmates？ No,they_as_as me.19我母亲比我父亲年纪小.My_ _ _than my _.20。她的毛衣和我的一样重。_sweater_as_as_。21.我的连衣裙太短了。我想买一条大点的。My dress_too_。 I want to _a_one。22. Im taller than Mike .(该成用原级的比较） Im _ as _ as Mike .反意疑问句1 反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句，是指当提问的人对前面所儒术的事实不敢肯定，而需要向对方加以证实时所提出的问句。如:You have been to Beijing, havent you? 你去过北京，不是吗？2. 反意疑问句的两种基本句型基本句型例句肯定陈述句 + 否定简略问句Lucy is from England, isnt she？否定陈述句 + 肯定简略问句Ann doesnt like apples, does she?注意：前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分是一个简单的问句。完成后一部分简单问句时，要根据前面陈述句的动词时态和人称来选择适当的助动词进行提问，前后两部分的人称和动词时态要保持一致.1. 反意疑问句用法说明(1) 简单句式结构中反意疑问句的运用 当陈述句部分的主语是名词时,反意疑问句的主语必须用人称代词来代替.如：Your brother has gone to the library， hasnt he? 当陈述句的主语是指示代词this, that时，反意疑问句的主语用it代替；指示代词是these， those时，反意疑问句的主语用they代替。如： That isnt a useful book, is it?These are important reading materials, arent they? 这些都是重要的阅读材料，不是吗? 当陈述部分是everyone / everybody， someone / somebody, no one / nobody， none等表示人的不定代词时，反意疑问句部分的主语多用they （但有时也可用he)；当陈述部分的主语是everything， anything， something, nothing等表示物的不定代词时,反意疑问句部分的主语用it。如: Nobody came when I was out， did they？ 我在外时，没人来过，是吗？Everything has gone wrong， hasnt it？ 今天什么都出问题了，是不是？ 当陈述部分是“there be + 主语 + 其他”结构时，反意疑问句部分要用“be (not) + there”结构。如：There are some bananas in the basket, arent there？ 当陈述部分有hardly (几乎不）, seldom (很少）, few (少，几乎无，修饰可数名词）, little (很少，几乎无，修饰不可数名词), no, never （从不), nothing， nobody， nowhere等否定词或半否定词时，反意疑问句部分要用肯定形式.如:He hardly remembers his old friends name, does he？ 如果陈述句部分有单词带否定前缀或后缀时,反意疑问句部分仍用否定结构。如:Its impossible for him to make such a mistake, isnt it？ 他不可能犯这样的错误,不是吗？(2) 复合句结构中反意疑问句的运用 一般情况下，陈述句部分是主从复合句时,反意疑问句部分的代词和助动词应与主句中的主语和谓语保持一致.如： This is the second time that he has been to Japan, isnt it? 这是他第二次去日本，不是吗？ 在宾语从句中，如果陈述句部分是“I think (believe, suppose， imagine, expect等） + 宾语从句，反意疑问句部分应与宾语从句的主谓保持一致，并要注意否定转移。如： I dont think you have heard of him before， have you? 我认为你以前没有听说过他,是吗？ 注：当think等这些动词的主语不是第一人称，或主语是第一人称,而动词时态不是一般现时或一般过去时，这时，反意疑问句的助动词和人称代词要与主句保持一致。如： Mary thinks you will come to the party, doesnt she? 当陈述句部分为主语从句时，反意疑问句的主语用it.如：That she didnt pass the entrance exam made his parents very angry， didnt it? 他没有通过入学考试使得他的父母十分生气，不是吗? (3) 祈使句结构中反意疑问句的运用祈使句反意疑问句的构成,必须按其句子结构及讲话人的语气来决定其反意部分，有四种形式. 祈使句的肯定形式,疑问部分用will you或wont you皆可。如：Be sure to write to us， will you？ 一定要给我们写信，好吗？Come to have dinner with us this evening, wont you？ 今晚跟我们一起来吃饭，好吗？ 祈使的否定形式，其反意疑问句通常只用will you构成。如：Dont smoke in the meeting room, will you？ Let开关的祈使句,构成反意疑问句时,lets用shall we构成反意疑问句，其他均用will you.如：Lets take a walk after supper, shall we? 晚饭后,我们去散步，好吗？ （表建议）Let the boy go first， will you? 让那男孩先走，好吗？Let us know your address， will you？ 请把你的地址告诉我们，好吗? (表请求） 当陈述部分含有used to （过去常常)时，附加问句部分的谓语可用use（d)nt或didnt。一、选择。1. The bus is always late，_?A. is not it B。 isnt it C。 isnt the bus D. doesnt it2。 The boy can read and write,_？A。 cant he B。 doesnt he C。 do him D。 can he3。 Lets have a rest， _ ?A. will you B。 wont you C. shall we D。 shall you 4。 There is a little water in the bottle,_?A. is there B。 isnt there C。 is it D. isnt it 5。 Nobody would agree with this plan,_？A。 did they B。 would they C。 didnt they D。 wouldnt they6. Let us know your new address，_？A. shall we B. will you C. wont you D. will we 7。 I dont suppose he will come,_？A. do I B. will he C. wont he D。 dont I 8. Dont smoke here， _?A. do you B。 will they C. wont you D。 will you9. There is nothing wrong with your computer,_?A. isnt there B. is it C。 is there D。 isnt it10. You can hardly see anything in the dark room, _？A。 cant you B。 can you C. dont you D. do you11Something is wrong with my computer, _？12. Everything goes well， _？13. I think hes wrong， _？14。 I dont believe he will come, _？15。 Dont forget to put the book back on the shelf, _？二、填空。1。 Its Wednesday today, _ it？2。 They go to school by bus， _ ?3. He got the first prize, _?4. The bus wasnt late yesterday, _?5. May doesnt come to the party, _？6. You didnt spend your summer holiday in Beijing last year， _?7。 Stop talking, _？8. Dont be late again, _?9。 Lets go to school by bus， _?10。 Let us wait until 5:00，_?感叹句英语感叹句一般由what/how引导，具体句型如下：1、 What1） What + a / an 形容词 可数名词单数 主 谓 ！ What a fine day it is today ! What an honest man his father is ! 2） What 形容词 可数名词复数 主 谓 ！ What tall trees they are ！ What good students the boys are ！ 3） What 形容词 不可数名词 主 谓 ! What cold water it is ! What delicious milk it is !2、how + adj。/adv.+主语+谓语！e。g： How careless she is!（She is very careless。)How fast he runs！(He runs very fast.）How cold it is today ！ How clever the boy is !3、 How + 形容词 a / an + 名词 主 谓 ！ How clever a boy he is ！ How funny an elephant it is !注意：3.what +a/an + adj。 + 单数名词=how + adj。 + a/an + 单数名词e.g： What a wonderful surprise it is！=How wonderful a surprise it is!What an intelligent boy he is!=How intelligent a boy he is!Exercises：一、填入适当的词完成下列感叹句。1)._ difficult homework we had yesterday!2）._cute dog it is！3）。_ interesting the story is!4）。_ bad the weather in England is!5）。_ honest boy Tom is！6）。_ tasty smell the cake gave off！7）._ good time we had on the beach yesterday!8)._ exciting news youve brought us！9)._cool your new car is!10)。_ scary these tigers are! 二、选择填空。1. _ fast the boy ran！A。 How B。 How an C。 What D. What an2. _ well you sing but _ badly he dances!A. How, howB. What， whatC。 How， whatD. What, how3。 _ delicious the soup is! Id like some more。A. How B。 How an C. What D. What an 4. _ fools they were! They believed what the man said。 A. How B。 How an C. What D. What an5. _ foolish they were! They believed what the man said。 A. HowB. How an C. WhatD. What an6。 _ difficult questions they are！ I cant answer them。A. How B。 How an C. What D。 What an7. I miss my friend very much. _ I want to see her！A. How B. How an C。 What D。 What an8。 _ lovely weather we are having these days!A。 How B。 How an C。 What D。 What an9. _ beautiful your new dress is!A. How B. How an C。 What D。 What an10. _ interesting work it is to teach children! A. How B。 How an C. What D. What an11. _ fine the weather is ! A。 What a B。 What C。 How D. How a 5 _ exciting film we saw yesterday ！8. What a B. How a C. How an D. What an13. _ great fun they had ！ A. What a B。 What C。 How D. How a14. _ heavy rain it was ！A. What a B. What C. How D. How a15. _ fun place to go Shanghai is ! 二) What a B. What C. How D. How a16. _ happy life the old live !A. What a B。 What C。 How D。 How a17. _ nice fish they cooked ! A。 What a B. What C. How D。 How a18. _ blue the sky is！ A. What a B。 What C。 How D。 How a19. _ dangerous the animals are ！ A. What a B. What C。 How D。 How a20. _ good time we are having ！ A。 What a B。 What C. How D。 How a三、所给句子填空，使填空句变为相应的感叹句：1。 The boy swam very fast.(同义句）_ _ the boy swam!2. The school trip is very exciting. (同义句） _ _ the school trip is!3。 Hei Longjiang looks very beautiful in winter。 (同义句)_ _ Hei Longjiang looks in winter！4。 It is a very useful dictionary。 (同义句）_ _ _ dictionary it is!_ _ _ dictionary is!5。 The students are listening very carefully. _ _ the students are listening!四、将下面句子改为感叹句：1.He is a very good boy。2.He came to school very early this morning.3.Itsexciting news。4。We have very wonderful story-books。5。Tomwill buya new bicycle。同义句转换:1. What a small egg she has！= _ _ _ _ she has!2。How beautiful acar！=_ _ _ _!祈使句一.祈使句的句式特征祈使句常常是表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等.因此，祈使句中一般没有主语，但根据其句意，实际上是省略了主语you.祈使句句末用感叹号或句号,朗读时,常用降调.在表达请求或劝告时，在祈使句前或句末可加上please，以使句子的语气更加缓和或客气。祈使句一般没有时态的变化,也不能与情态动词连用。例如：Keep off the grass！勿踩草地！Put the boxes in the sm