被动语态讲解.doc

(完整版)被动语态讲解
专题 被动语态
动词语态分为两大类:主动语态和被动语态. 主动语态:主语是动作的执行者。 被动语态:主语是动作的承受者.动作的执行者由by连接的短语表示，常译为“被、由"。
对于英语的被动语态，我们可以以下五个方面来掌握.
一、主语与谓语动词的逻辑关系 被动语态表示句子的主语是谓语动词动作的承受者或对象. 如：Computers are widely used in our work and daily life. 电脑在我们的工作和日常生活中广泛应用。(computers就是use的对象或承受者）
二、表示被动语态的形式 （1）基本形式：主语 + be + vt.的过去分词 + (by + sb.） This song is often sung by children at school. 这首歌经常在学校被孩子们唱。
常见被动语态的时态:
① 一般现在时：am/is/are+ vt.的过去分词;
Rice is grown in the south of the country。
② 一般过去时：was / were + vt。的过去分词;
The trees were planted in our school last year.
③ 一般将来时：will / shall / be going to + be + vt。的过去分词;
A new bridge will be built over the river.
④现在完成时：have / has + been + vt。的过去分词;
He has been sent to American for two years。
⑤过去完成时：had + been + vt.的过去分词;
⑥现在进行时：am/is/are + being + vt。的过去分词；
⑦过去进行时：was / were + being + vt。的过去分词
⑧过去将来时：would + be + vt.的过去分词
⑨主语 +情态动词（can/could/may/might/must/should/ought to)+ be + 动词的过去分词 + (by + sb。) Water can be turned into ice. 水能转变成冰.
三、被动语态的用法
被动语态往往表示一种客观的事实，有时语气比较生硬，没有商量的余地,从而令人难以接受，因此,切不可随便使用。在能用主动语态表示时，尽量使用主动语态，只有在下面的情况中才使用被动语态。
1。当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，或说不出动作的执行者或没有必要说出动作的执行者;常用被动语态,这时往往不用by 短语。
“Mr。 The classroom had been cleaned when I got there.
当我到达教室的时候，教室已经被人打扫过了.
(教室究竟是谁打扫的，说话者并不知道） White， the cup was broken after class. ”
2. 为了突出或强调动作的承受者或对象，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by 短语。
The cup was broken by Pau
3。注意:在see, watch， hear， notice， listen to, look at, make, feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带 to，但改成被动语态后都带to，这时不定式为主语补足语，也就是说不定式作主语补足语不存在省略to 的问题。
We often hear him play the guitar.
→He is often heard to play the guitar.
4。在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语,在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如：
据说…… It is said that …
据报导…… It is reported that …
据推测…… It is supposed that …
希望…… It is hoped that …
众所周知…… It is well known that …
普遍认为…… It is generally considered that …
有人建议…… It is suggested that …
1) It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow。
2） It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.
四、不能使用被动语态的情况
(1）不及物动词没有被动形式.特别要注意汉语中带名词或代词做宾语的动词，如belong，die，happen，take place等不及物动词。 如:A terrible traffic accident happened on the road yesterday。 （昨天在公路上发生了一起可怕的交通事故。）就不能改写为：A terrible traffic accident is happened on the road yesterday。
(2)一些静态的及物动词也不能用于被动语态.如agree with，fit，have，hold，own，suit等. 如:I don’t agree with Jack。 (我不同意Jack的观点。)就不能改写为：Jack isn ’ t agreed with.
⑶感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：feel,look， seem, taste， sound， remain等
⑷有些动词既是及物又是不及物,当它们和well, badly, easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表示被动,这时不用被动语态，常见的有:write, read, clean， sell, wash, cook 等。如:
(1)The cloth washes easily。 这布很好洗。
（2）The new product sells well。 这新产品很畅销.
五、主动形式表被动意义如：The pen writes well. 这支笔很好写. The food tastes good。 这些食物尝起来味道很好。
His house is comfortable to live in。 他的房子住起来很舒服。

中考被动语态测试题
( ）1．The Olympic Games ___________every four years.
A are held B were held C．are holding D．will ho1d
（ ）2. Today Chinese is becoming more and more popular. It _________in. many schools around the world. A。 teaches B. is teaching C。 has taught D。 is taught
( ) 3. The flowers ___ often.
A. must be water B. must be watered C。 must watered D. must water
（ ）4。 Ba Jin， one of the greatest writers in China, ________as "People’s Writer”.
A。 is regarded B. has regarded C。 is regarding D. regards
（ ）5. Usually computers _________to search the Internet。
A. use B。 are using C. are used D。 used
（ )6. ——Do you often clean your classroom?—-Yes. Our classroom __________every day。
A。 clean B。 cleans C。 is cleaned
（ ）7.一Did you hear that water in Tai Lake smelt terrible？
一Yes．In fact,it ____.That's all because of the people and the factories around．
A． polluted B was polluted C has polluted D．was po11ute
（ )8. —-Our environment is getting worse than before.
——You’re right。 But thanks to Earth Day_______, people have done more and more useful things to protect(保护)the earth since Earth Day。
A. is started B. was started C. has started
（ ）9。 ———I feel very happy that I ____to be the host. --—Congratulations！
A. choose B. am chosen C. was chosen D. haven chosen
( )10。 Many trees and flowers ______ in our school last year，and they made our school a beautiful garden．
A．plant B．planted C．have planted D．were planted
( ）11.Some famous paintings __________in the hall next week。
A. will show B。 were shown C。 is shown D. will be shown
( ）12。 A talk on developments in science and technology in the school hall next week .
A。 given B。 will be given C。 has been given D. gives
（ ）13.-—-Great changes have taken place in this city.
--—Right。 Many modern tall buildings have been ______ these days.
A. turned up B. put up C。 shown up D. fixed up
( ) 14。 These children____dance。
A。 were seen to B. were seen for C. were seen D。 saw to
（ ）15. —Do you often clean your classroom?
—Yes, our classroom ______ every day。
A. clean B。 cleans C. is cleaned D. Cleaned
( ）16．—Susan， why are you still here？ They are all ready to start.
–I‘m sorry, but I _____ when to meet.
A. don‘t tell B. didn‘t tell C. haven‘t told D. wasn‘t told
( ）17．Many old houses around our school ____ next year and a large green area will appear。 A。 pull down B. will be pulled down C。 will pull down D.are pulled down
（ ）18．-—- My watch ______。 ——— Don‘t worry。 Let‘s go to the Lost ＆ Found.
A。 is lost B。 is broken C. has found D. has stopped
（ )19．-——Did you go to Sam‘s weekend party? ---No, I___________。
A。 am not invited B。 wasn‘t invited C. haven‘t invited D. didn‘t invite
（ ）20．—- How often ______ your school sports meeting ______? -— Once a year。
A. does; hold B. was； hold C. is; held D。 did; hold
（ ）21．On May 30th， , one bowl in the Ming dynasty (明朝) _______ at the price of 30.36 million Hong Kong dollars。 A. sell B。 sold C。 is sold D。 was sold ( )
22．The ”Thousand— hand Guanyin" ____ by many people as the best performance at CCTV’s Spring Festival Evening。
A. has been regarded B. are regarded C。 has regarded D. regards
（ ）23．—Those eggs of different colors are very beautiful。
—Yes, they ______ in Hangzhou。
A。 painted B。 were painting C。 were painted D. had painted
（ )24．-—-Don‘t litter the ground, boy ,Look at the sign：： ―Rubbish into the dustbin。
。 ——-Sorry。 A, has throw B, was throw C, must throw D ， must be thrown
（ ）25．The 29th 0lympic Games __in Beijing in 2008．
A．will hold B will be held C．hold
（ ）26. The girl was often heard happily in her room。
A. sing B. to sing C. singing D. sings
（ ）27. It is reported that more new teaching buildings _________ in our school in the next term. A. will be built B. was built C. has built D。 will build
( ）28。 It is reported that more new teaching buildings _________ in our school in the next term。 A。 will be built B. was built C. has built D. will build
（ )29。 The sick boy _________ to hospital by the police yesterday.
A. is taken B。 was taken C. takes D。 took
（ ）30. -—It‘s difficult for the village children to cross the river for school.
--I think a bridge _________ over the river。
A. was built B. is being built C. has been built D. should be built
（ ）31。 —-David， turn off the TV________ no one is watching it。
--But it ________ off already! The music is from the radio。
A。 so that， has been turned B。 when, has turned
C。 if， has been turned D. because, has turned
（ ）32. Usually John to school in his father‘s beautiful car。
A. has taken B. is taking C。 is taken D. has been taken
（ )33. Don‘t put off today‘s work for tomorrow. I mean, today‘s work _________ today。
A。 may do B. must do C。 may be done D. must be done
（ ）34.-—Look, what an old palace！ It looks so great!
--Yeah, it ________ nearly 800 years ago.
A. was building B。 was built C. has built D。 is built
（ )35。 Don‘t discuss the problems with your partner unless you _________ to do so.
A. ask B. are asked C. will ask D。 will be asked
（ ）36。 If city noises ____ from increasing，people ____ shout to be heard even at dinner．
A． are not kept；will have t B． are not kept；have
C． do not keep；will have to D． do not keep；have to
（ ) 37。 The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence， are ____and perfected now。
A. Developed B。 have developed
C. are being developed D. will have been developed
（ ）38。 —-— ____ the sports meet might be put off．
—-- Yes，it all depends on the weather．
A． I've been told B． I’ve told
C． I’m told D．I told
（ )39. I need one more stamp before my collection ___.
A. has completed B. completes C. has been completed D. is completed
( ）40. Rainforests ___ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.
A。 cut B. are cut C。 are being cut D。 had been cut
（ ）41。 The new suspension bridge ___ by the end of last month.
A。 has been designed B。 had been designed
C。 was designed D. would be designed
( )42。 When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ____。
A. breaks B。 has broken C。 was broken D. had been broken
（ ）43。 Great changes ___ in the city， and a lot of factories ___.
A. have been taken place； have been set up B。 have taken place； have been set up
C. have taken place； have set up D。 were taken place; were set up
（ ）44。 That suit __ over 60 dollars.
A. had costed B. costed C。 is costed D。 cost
（ ）45. -—- Look! Everything here is under construction.
—-- What‘s the pretty small house that __ for？
A。 is being built B. has been built C. is built D。 is building
（ ）46。——— Do you like the material？
-—— Yes， it ___ very soft。
A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt
( ）47。 It is difficult for a foreigner ____ Chinese．
A． write B． to write
C． to be written D． written
（ )48. I have no more letters ____ ，thank you．
A． to type B． typing C． to be typed D． typed
（ ）49。 Take care! Don‘t drop the ink on your shirt， for it __ easily。
A. won‘t wash out B。 won‘t be washed out
C. isn‘t washed out D. isn‘t washing out
（ ）50。 Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to ___.
A. be put up B. give in C. be turned on D。 go out

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