被动语态讲解.doc

(完整版)被动语态讲解专题 被动语态动词语态分为两大类:主动语态和被动语态. 主动语态:主语是动作的执行者。 被动语态:主语是动作的承受者.动作的执行者由by连接的短语表示，常译为“被、由。对于英语的被动语态，我们可以以下五个方面来掌握.一、主语与谓语动词的逻辑关系 被动语态表示句子的主语是谓语动词动作的承受者或对象. 如：Computers are widely used in our work and daily life. 电脑在我们的工作和日常生活中广泛应用。(computers就是use的对象或承受者）二、表示被动语态的形式 （1）基本形式：主语 + be + vt.的过去分词 + (by + sb.） This song is often sung by children at school. 这首歌经常在学校被孩子们唱。常见被动语态的时态: 一般现在时：am/is/are+ vt.的过去分词;Rice is grown in the south of the country。 一般过去时：was / were + vt。的过去分词;The trees were planted in our school last year. 一般将来时：will / shall / be going to + be + vt。的过去分词;A new bridge will be built over the river.现在完成时：have / has + been + vt。的过去分词; He has been sent to American for two years。过去完成时：had + been + vt.的过去分词;现在进行时：am/is/are + being + vt。的过去分词；过去进行时：was / were + being + vt。的过去分词过去将来时：would + be + vt.的过去分词主语 +情态动词（can/could/may/might/must/should/ought to)+ be + 动词的过去分词 + (by + sb。) Water can be turned into ice. 水能转变成冰.三、被动语态的用法被动语态往往表示一种客观的事实，有时语气比较生硬，没有商量的余地,从而令人难以接受，因此,切不可随便使用。在能用主动语态表示时，尽量使用主动语态，只有在下面的情况中才使用被动语态。1。当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，或说不出动作的执行者或没有必要说出动作的执行者;常用被动语态,这时往往不用by 短语。“Mr。 The classroom had been cleaned when I got there.当我到达教室的时候，教室已经被人打扫过了.(教室究竟是谁打扫的，说话者并不知道） White， the cup was broken after class. ”2. 为了突出或强调动作的承受者或对象，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by 短语。The cup was broken by Pau3。注意:在see, watch， hear， notice， listen to, look at, make, feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带 to，但改成被动语态后都带to，这时不定式为主语补足语，也就是说不定式作主语补足语不存在省略to 的问题。We often hear him play the guitar.He is often heard to play the guitar.4。在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语,在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如：据说 It is said that 据报导 It is reported that 据推测 It is supposed that 希望 It is hoped that 众所周知 It is well known that 普遍认为 It is generally considered that 有人建议 It is suggested that 1) It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow。2） It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.四、不能使用被动语态的情况(1）不及物动词没有被动形式.特别要注意汉语中带名词或代词做宾语的动词，如belong，die，happen，take place等不及物动词。 如:A terrible traffic accident happened on the road yesterday。 （昨天在公路上发生了一起可怕的交通事故。）就不能改写为：A terrible traffic accident is happened on the road yesterday。(2)一些静态的及物动词也不能用于被动语态.如agree with，fit，have，hold，own，suit等. 如:I dont agree with Jack。 (我不同意Jack的观点。)就不能改写为：Jack isn t agreed with.感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：feel,look， seem, taste， sound， remain等有些动词既是及物又是不及物,当它们和well, badly, easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表示被动,这时不用被动语态，常见的有:write, read, clean， sell, wash, cook 等。如:(1)The cloth washes easily。 这布很好洗。（2）The new product sells well。 这新产品很畅销.五、主动形式表被动意义如：The pen writes well. 这支笔很好写. The food tastes good。 这些食物尝起来味道很好。His house is comfortable to live in。 他的房子住起来很舒服。中考被动语态测试题( ）1The Olympic Games _every four years.A are held B were held Care holding Dwill ho1d（ ）2. Today Chinese is becoming more and more popular. It _in. many schools around the world. A。 teaches B. is teaching C。 has taught D。 is taught( ) 3. The flowers _ often.A. must be water B. must be watered C。 must watered D. must water（ ）4。 Ba Jin， one of the greatest writers in China, _as Peoples Writer”.A。 is regarded B. has regarded C。 is regarding D. regards（ ）5. Usually computers _to search the Internet。A. use B。 are using C. are used D。 used（ )6. Do you often clean your classroom?-Yes. Our classroom _every day。A。 clean B。 cleans C。 is cleaned（ ）7.一Did you hear that water in Tai Lake smelt terrible？一YesIn fact,it _.Thats all because of the people and the factories aroundA polluted B was polluted C has polluted Dwas po11ute（ )8. -Our environment is getting worse than before.Youre right。 But thanks to Earth Day_, people have done more and more useful things to protect(保护)the earth since Earth Day。A. is started B. was started C. has started（ ）9。 I feel very happy that I _to be the host. -Congratulations！A. choose B. am chosen C. was chosen D. haven chosen( )10。 Many trees and flowers _ in our school last year，and they made our school a beautiful gardenAplant Bplanted Chave planted Dwere planted( ）11.Some famous paintings _in the hall next week。A. will show B。 were shown C。 is shown D. will be shown( ）12。 A talk on developments in science and technology in the school hall next week .A。 given B。 will be given C。 has been given D. gives（ ）13.-Great changes have taken place in this city.-Right。 Many modern tall buildings have been _ these days.A. turned up B. put up C。 shown up D. fixed up( ) 14。 These children_dance。A。 were seen to B. were seen for C. were seen D。 saw to（ ）15. Do you often clean your classroom?Yes, our classroom _ every day。A. clean B。 cleans C. is cleaned D. Cleaned( ）16Susan， why are you still here？ They are all ready to start.Im sorry, but I _ when to meet.A. dont tell B. didnt tell C. havent told D. wasnt told ( ）17Many old houses around our school _ next year and a large green area will appear。 A。 pull down B. will be pulled down C。 will pull down D.are pulled down（ ）18- My watch _。 Dont worry。 Lets go to the Lost Found.A。 is lost B。 is broken C. has found D. has stopped（ )19-Did you go to Sams weekend party? -No, I_。A。 am not invited B。 wasnt invited C. havent invited D. didnt invite（ ）20- How often _ your school sports meeting _? - Once a year。A. does; hold B. was； hold C. is; held D。 did; hold （ ）21On May 30th， , one bowl in the Ming dynasty (明朝) _ at the price of 30.36 million Hong Kong dollars。 A. sell B。 sold C。 is sold D。 was sold ( )22The ”Thousand hand Guanyin _ by many people as the best performance at CCTVs Spring Festival Evening。A. has been regarded B. are regarded C。 has regarded D. regards（ ）23Those eggs of different colors are very beautiful。Yes, they _ in Hangzhou。A。 painted B。 were painting C。 were painted D. had painted（ )24-Dont litter the ground, boy ,Look at the sign： Rubbish into the dustbin。 -Sorry。 A, has throw B, was throw C, must throw D ， must be thrown（ ）25The 29th 0lympic Games _in Beijing in 2008Awill hold B will be held Chold（ ）26. The girl was often heard happily in her room。A. sing B. to sing C. singing D. sings（ ）27. It is reported that more new teaching buildings _ in our school in the next term. A. will be built B. was built C. has built D。 will build( ）28。 It is reported that more new teaching buildings _ in our school in the next term。 A。 will be built B. was built C. has built D. will build（ )29。 The sick boy _ to hospital by the police yesterday.A. is taken B。 was taken C. takes D。 took（ ）30. -Its difficult for the village children to cross the river for school.-I think a bridge _ over the river。A. was built B. is being built C. has been built D. should be built（ ）31。 -David， turn off the TV_ no one is watching it。-But it _ off already! The music is from the radio。A。 so that， has been turned B。 when, has turnedC。 if， has been turned D. because, has turned（ ）32. Usually John to school in his fathers beautiful car。A. has taken B. is taking C。 is taken D. has been taken（ )33. Dont put off todays work for tomorrow. I mean, todays work _ today。A。 may do B. must do C。 may be done D. must be done（ ）34.-Look, what an old palace！ It looks so great!-Yeah, it _ nearly 800 years ago.A. was building B。 was built C. has built D。 is built（ )35。 Dont discuss the problems with your partner unless you _ to do so.A. ask B. are asked C. will ask D。 will be asked（ ）36。 If city noises _ from increasing，people _ shout to be heard even at dinnerA are not kept；will have t B are not kept；haveC do not keep；will have to D do not keep；have to（ ) 37。 The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence， are _and perfected now。A. Developed B。 have developedC. are being developed D. will have been developed（ ）38。 - _ the sports meet might be put off- Yes，it all depends on the weatherA Ive been told B Ive toldC Im told DI told（ )39. I need one more stamp before my collection _.A. has completed B. completes C. has been completed D. is completed( ）40. Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.A。 cut B. are cut C。 are being cut D。 had been cut（ ）41。 The new suspension bridge _ by the end of last month.A。 has been designed B。 had been designedC。 was designed D. would be designed( )42。 When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _。A. breaks B。 has broken C。 was broken D. had been broken（ ）43。 Great changes _ in the city， and a lot of factories _.A. have been taken place； have been set up B。 have taken place； have been set upC. have taken place； have set up D。 were taken place; were set up（ ）44。 That suit _ over 60 dollars.A. had costed B. costed C。 is costed D。 cost（ ）45. - Look! Everything here is under construction.- Whats the pretty small house that _ for？A。 is being built B. has been built C. is built D。 is building（ ）46。 Do you like the material？- Yes， it _ very soft。A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt( ）47。 It is difficult for a foreigner _ ChineseA write B to writeC to be written D written（ )48. I have no more letters _ ，thank youA to type B typing C to be typed D typed（ ）49。 Take care! Dont drop the ink on your shirt， for it _ easily。A. wont wash out B。 wont be washed outC. isnt washed out D. isnt washing out（ ）50。 Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to _.A. be put up B. give in C. be turned on D。 go out9