电气综合项目工程专业英语.doc

电路 electric circuit
电气工程electrical engineering
电机electric machine
自然科学physical science
电气设备 electrical device
电器元件 electrical element
正电荷positive charge
负电荷negative charge
直流direct current
交流alternating current
电压voltage
导体conductor
功work
电动势electromotiveforce
电势差potential difference
功率power
极性polarity
能量守恒定律the law of conservation energy

变量variable
电阻 resistance
电阻率resistivity
绝缘体insulator
电阻器resistor
无源元件passive element
常数constant
电导conductance
短路short circuit
开路open circuit
线性linear
串联series
并联parallel
电压降voltage drop
等效电阻equivalent resistance

电容器capacitor
电感器inductor
储能元件storage element
电场electric field
充电 charge
放电discharge
动态dynamic
电介质dielectric
电容capacitance
磁场magnetic field
电源power supplu
变压器transformer
电机electric motor
线圈coil
电感inductance
导线conducting wire
绕组wingding
漏电阻leakage resistance

电子系统electronic system
构造图block diagram
功能模块functional block
放大器amplifier
滤波器filter
整形电路wave-shaping circuit
振荡器oscillator
增益gain
输入阻抗input impedance
带宽bandwidth
晶体管transistor
集成电路integrated circuit
电力电子power electronics
数字信号解决digital signal-processing
输出装置output device
模仿信号analog signal
数字信号digital signal
传感器transducer
采样值sample value
模数转换器analog-to-digital converter
频谱frequency content
采样频率sampling rate or frequendy
扰动disturbance
分立电路discrete circuit
数字化信号digitized signal

运算放大器operational amplifier
有源电路active circuit
电子部件electronic unit
封装package
管脚pin
同相端noninverting terminal
反相输入inverting input
电路图circuit diagram
压控电压源voltage-controlled voltage source
开环增益open-loop gain
闭环增益closed-loop gain
负反馈negative feedback
正饱和positive saturation
线性区linear region
电压跟随器voltage follower
等效阻抗equivalent impedance

逻辑变量logic variable
位bit
数字字digital word
字节byte
半字节nibble
与运算AND operation
真值表truth table
与门AND gate
非门NOT gate
或门OR gate
加号addition sign
与非门NANA gate
异或运算XOR operation
逻辑表达式logic expression
二进制binary system
正逻辑positive logic
负逻辑negative logic
参照方向reference direction

抱负变压器ideal transformer
电气绝缘electrical isolation
阻抗匹配impedance matching
电力electrical pewer
绝缘变压器isolating transformer
电压互感器voltage transformer
电流互感器current transformer
原边绕组primary winding
工作频率operating frequency
配电变压器distribution transformer
电力变压器power transformer
磁通密度flux density
磁场magnetic field
铁芯变压器iron-core transformer
大功率high-power
空芯air-core
磁耦合magnetic coupling
小功率lower-power
励磁损耗magnetizing loss
磁滞损耗hysteresis loss
涡流eddy current
励磁电流exciting current
漏磁通leakage flux
互磁通 mutual flux
线圈coil
芯式core form
壳式shell form
高压绕组high-voltage winding
磁链flux linkage
电动势electromotive force
有效值root mean square value
匝数比turns ratio
视在功率apparent power
匝数the number of turns
升压变压器step-up transformer
降压变压器step-down transformer

电动机motor
发电机generator
机械能mechanical energy
电能electrical energy
电磁electromagnetic
直线式电动机linear motor
同步电机synchronous machine
感应电机induction machine
定子stator
转子rotor
气隙air gap
轴shaft
电枢armature
励磁绕组field winding
无功功率reactive power
制动状态braking mode
稳态steady-state
相序phase sequence
反响制动plugging
滞后电流lagging current
励磁电抗magnetizing reactance
启动电流starting current
变频器frequency changer
感应电势induced voltage
逆变器inverter
周波变换器cycloconverter
换向器commutator

自动控制automatic control
控制器controller
扰动disturbance
盼望值desired value
压力pressure
液位liquid level
被控变量controlled variable
方框图block diagram
传递函数transfer function
工程控制process control
伺服系统servomechanism
流率flow rate
加速度acceleration
前向通路forward path
补偿correction
反馈通路feedback path
闭环closed-loop
开环open-loop
输出output
增益gain
手动调节manual adjustment
变送器transducer
误差error
控制方式control mode
比例控制proportional control
积分控制integral control
微分控制derivative control
执行元件manipulating element
调节时间setting time
残差residual error

不拟定度uncertainty
观测数据observations
采样sample
算术平均arithmetic average
盼望值expected value
原则偏差standard deviation
下限lower range limit
上限upper range limit
跨度span
辨别率resolution
死区dead band
敏捷度sensitivity
阈值threshold
可靠性reliability
过量程overrange
恢复时间recovery time
过载overload
过量程极限overrange limit
漂移drift
精确性accuracy
误差error
重复性repeatability
系统误差systemic error
再现性reproducibility
校准calibration
线速度linear velocity
角速度angular velocity
弧度radian
测速仪tachometer
增量式编码器incremental encoder
定期计数器timed counter
稳定性stability

接口interface
调节器conditioner
开关switch
执行器actuator
电磁阀solenoid valve
持续控制系统sequential control system
触点contact
常开normally open
常闭normally closed
限位开关limit switch
继电器relay
延时继电器time-delay relay
接通电流pull-in current
开断电流drop-out current
电机启动器motor starter
接触器contactor
自锁触点holding contact
整流器rectifier
变流器converter
逆变器inverter
二极管diode
阳极anode
阴极cathode
正向偏置forward biased
反向偏置reverse biased
阻断block
稳压二极管zener diode
晶体管transistor
集电极collector
基极base
发射极emitter
共发射极common-emitter
双向晶闸管triac
正半周positive half-cycle
触发电流trigger circuit

功率容量power capability
功率器件power device
晶闸管thyristor
导通conduction
正向阻断 forward-blocking
通态on-state
关断状态off-state
反向击穿电压reverse breakdown voltage
漏电流leakage current
电流额定值current rating
漏极drain
门极gate
缓冲电路snubber circuit
均流current sharing
额定电压rated voltage
可控开关controllable switch
相控phase-controlled
充电器charger
工频line-frequency
变换器converter
整流rectification
逆变inversion
可逆调速revesible-speed
再生制动regenerative barking
关断时间turn-off time
纯电阻负载pure resistive load
脉动ripple
感性负载inductance load
周期time period
带内部直流电动势负载load witn an internal DC voltage
波形waveform
换相commutation
稳态steady state
交流侧AC-side
延时角delay angle
交点intersection
电力系统power system
发电厂generating plant
发电机generator
负荷load
输电网transmission nerwork
配电网distribution network
电electricity
天然气natural gas
原理图schematic diagram
锅炉boiler
热效率thermal efficiency
风力wind power
断路器circuit breaker
变电所substation
故障fault
过电压overvoltage
击穿值breakdown value
过电流over current
可靠性reliability
继电器relay
触点contact
电流互感器current transformer
合闸线圈operating coil
分闸线圈trip coil
Circuit theory is also valuable to students specializing in other branches of the physical science because circuit are a good model for the study of energy system in general,and because of the applied mathematics,physics,and topology involved.
电路理论对于专门研究自然科学其她分支学生来说也十分有价值，由于电路普通可以较好地作为能量系统研究模型，并且电路理论涉及应用数学、物理学和拓扑学有关知识。
Charge is an electrical property of the particles of which matter consists,measured in coulombs.
电荷是构成物质原子微粒所具备电气属性，其单位为库仑。
The common term signal is used for an electric quantity such as a current or a voltage when it is used for conveying information.
当像电流或电压这样电量用于传递信息时，常称这个电量为信号。
These laws,known as Ohm's Law and Kirchhoff's Laws，form the foundation upon which electric circuit analysis is built.
欧姆定律和基尔霍夫定律是电路理论基本，电路分析就建立在这些定律基本之上。
Georg Simon Ohm(1787-1854)，a German physicist，is credited with formulating the current-voltage relationship for a resistor.
德国物理学家乔治西蒙欧姆，因提出了电阻电流电压关系而享誉世界。
Such an equivalent resistance is the resistance between the designated terminals of the network and must exhibit the same i-u characteristics as the original network at the terminals.
这样一种电阻是在网络指定两端等效，并且在这两端等效电阻具备与原网络相似伏安特性。
The unit of capacitance is the farad(F),in honor of the English physicist Michael Faraday(1791-1867).
电容单位是法拉（F），是为纪念英国物理学家迈克尔·法拉第（1797-1878）而命名。
It takes power from the circuit when storing energy in its field and returns previously stored energy when delivering power to the circuit.
当电容器在电场中储能时，它从电路中吸取功率；当电容器向电路提供功率时，它就释放先前存储能量。
But in order to enhance the inductive effect,a practical inductor is usually formed into a cylindrical coil with many turns of conducting wire.
为了增长电感感应作用，实际电感器普通是由许多匝导线绕制成圆柱形线圈构成。
The unit of inductance is the henry(H)，named in honor of the American inventor Joseph Henry(1979-1878).
电感单位是亨利，是为纪念美国创造家约瑟夫·亨利而命名。
Inductance is the property whereby an inductor exhibits opposition to the change of current flowing through it ,measured in henrys.（H）
电感器具备与流经它电流变化相反特性，用电感来描述这一特性，其单位为亨【利】（H）.
Electronic systems control fuel mixture and ignition timing to maximize performance and minimize undesirable emissions from automobile engines
电子系统控制燃料混合和点火定期，以使汽车发动机性能最佳、尾气排放量至少。
By comparing the time of arrival of the signals and by using certain information contained in the received signals concerning the orbits of the satellites ,the position of the vehicle can be determined.
通过比较信号到达时间，采用包括在接受信号中与卫星轨迹有关信息来对交通工具进行定位。
The amplitude of a typical analog signal is plotted against time in Fig.4.2(a)
典型模仿信号幅值随时间变化曲线如图4.2（a）所示
Digital signals are binary ;however,more levels are sometimes useful.
数字信号是二进制；但是，有时也采用其她多进制。
Each sample value is represented by a 3-bit code word corresponding to the amplitude zone into which the sample falls.
每个采样值都可以用一种与采样所规定幅值区域相相应3位编码字来表达。
Thus,when a DAC converts the code words to form the original analog waveform ,it is possible to reconstruct only an approximation to the original signal- the reconstructed voltage is in the middle of each zone .
因而，当数模转换器将编码字转换为原模仿波形时，复现一种与原始信号相近信号是也许--复现电压位于各自区域中心。
Op-amps are commercially available in integrated circuit packages in several forms.
用集成电路封装几种形式运算放大器在实际中应用广泛。
An input applied to the noninverting terminal will appear with the same polarity at the output,while an input applied to the inverting terminal will appear inverted at the output.
输出与加到同相端输入极性相似，而与加到反相端输入极性相反。
Although the power supplies are often ignored in op-amp circuit diagrams for the sake of simplicity ,the power supply currents must not be overlooked.
为了简朴起见，尽管在运算放大器电路图中常省略了电源，但来自电源电流一定不能忽视。
Although we use the addition sign(+) to represent the OR operation ,manipulation of logic variables by the AND,OR,and NOT operations is different from ordinary algebra.
尽管咱们用加号来表达或运算，但是逻辑变量与或非运算与普通代数运算是不同。
If the inputs to a NAND are tied together ,an inverter results.
如果将与非门两个输入端连到一起，与非门就变成了反相器。
The OR operation can be realized by inverting the input variable and combining the results in a NAND gate .
将输入变量取反后再用与非门组合在一起就能实现或运算。
In either case ,the magnetic cores are made up of stacks of laminations cut from silicon-steel sheets.
无论哪种铁芯都是从硅钢片上剪下铁芯叠片叠装而成。
Most laminated materials are cold rolled and often specially annealed to orient the grain or iron crystals.
大多数叠片材料需要通过冷轧加工，并且通过特殊退火解决后可使晶体获得各向异性。
A large reduction in leakage flux can be obtained by further subdividing and sandwiching the primary and secondary turns,however,at considerable cost.
进一步细分绕组 并增长原边和副边匝数可以大大减少漏磁通，但成本却提高诸多 。
The coils employed in shell-form transformers are usually of a pancake form unlike the cylindrical forms used in the core-form transformer,where the coils are placed one on top of the other and the low-voltage winding is placed closer to the core with the high-voltage winding on top.
芯式变压器线圈采用圆柱构造，与之不同是，壳式变压器线圈普通采用饼形构造。芯式变压器中一种线圈位于另一种之上，并且高压线圈在上，低压线圈更接近铁芯。
Such conversion is facilitated through the action of a magnetic field.
在磁场作用下这样转换变得更为以便。
In the braking mode of operation,a three-phase induction motor running at a steady-state speed can be brought to a quick stop by interchanging two of its stator leads.
运营在稳态转速三相感应电机通过互换两根定子接线就可以运营在制动状态并迅速停下来 。
With a cylindrical rotor the reluctance of the magnetic circuit of the field is independent of its actual direction and relative to the direct axis.
圆柱形转子磁场 磁路磁阻与直轴关于，而与磁场实际方向无关。
It is highest when the field is directly halfway between the poles ,that is .along the quadrature axis.
当磁场正好处在磁极中间时，也就是沿着交轴方向时，磁阻 最大。
Examples of small DC motors include those used for small control devices ,wind-shield -wiper motors,fan motors ,starter motors,and various servomotors.
小型直流电机例子涉及小型控制装置中所用电机、风档刮水电机、电扇电机、启动器电机及各种伺服电机。
Application example for larger DC motors include industrial drive motors in conveyors,pumps,hoists,overhead cranes.forklifts.fans,steel and aluminum rolling mills，paper mills，textile mills，various other rolling mills，golf carts,electrical cars,street cars or trolleys,electric trains，electric elevators，and large earth-moving equipment.
传送带、泵、起重机、高架起重机、铲车、风机、钢和铝轧机、造纸机、纺织机、其她各种轧钢机等工业拖动中所使用电机，高尔夫球手推车、电动车、电车、电气火车、电梯以及大型运土设备中所用电机都是大型电流电机应用实例。
Obviously，DC machine application are very significant ,but the advantages of the DC machine must be weighed against its greater initial investment cost and the maintenance problems associated with its brush-commutator system.
显然，直流电机应用非常故意义，但是也存在初期成本投入较高、由电刷-换向器而带来维修困难，应用时一定要权衡其利弊。
Many complex control systems are included among the functions of the human body.
在人体各种功能中包括许多复杂控制系统。
A block diagram consists of a block representing each component in a control system connected by lines that represent the signal paths.
方框图由表达控制系统每个元件模块构成，这些元件由代表信号通路信号线连接。
The process block represents everything performed in and by the equipment in which a variable is controlled.
过程模块代表被控变量所在装置完毕每件任务和通过装置执行每件任务。
Finally ,the change in the manipulated variable drives the controlled variable back toward the set point .
最后，控制变量变化带动被控变量向设定值方向变化 。
The mean gives us an estimate of the expected value of an observation ,but it gives no idea of the dispersion or variability of the observation.
平均值给出了对观测数据盼望值预计，但不能指出观测数据偏移和变化。
Operating characteristics include details about the measurement by ,and operation of effects on the measuring instrument.
运营特性详述了测量仪器测量及测量仪器 所受影响作用。
Resolution ，dead band，and sensitivity are different characteristics that relate in different ways to an increment of measurement.
辨别率、死区 和敏捷度以不同办法描述了测量增量不同特性。
Repeatability and reproducibility deal in slightly different ways with the degree of closeness among repeated measurements of the same value of the measured variable .
重复性和再现性以大同小异方式阐述被测变量在同一种值重复测量中接近限度 。
A normally open switch will close the circuit path between the two terminals when the switch is actuated and will open the circuit path when the switch is deactuated.
当驱动开关时，常开开关闭合两端子之间电路通道；当撤除驱动后，开关断开电路通道。
When an operator actuates a maintained-action switch,the contacts remain in the new position after the operator releases the actuator.
操作值驱动一种持续动作开关，当撤除驱动后，触点依然维持在新位置。
The relay is actuated by completing the circuit branch that contains the relay coil.
通过接通继电器线圈所在分支电路勉励继电器。
The small contact is called a "holding contact "because it holds coil 1M in the energized condition after the operator the operator releases the START button.
称小触点为自锁触点，由于在操作者释放开始按钮后，这个触点能将线圈M自锁在通电状态。
The triac was developed as a means of providing improved controls for AC power.
双向可控硅已作为对交流电网进行改进控制工具。
Latched on by a control signal but must be turned off by the power circuit.
由控制信号控制器件导通，但必要通过电力电路作用才干使其关断。
Once the device begins to conduct ,it is latched on and the gate current can be removed.
一旦器件开始导通，它就自锁（门极失去作用），可以移去门极电流 。
latched on by a control signal must be turned off by the power circuit.
由控制信号控制器件导通，但必要通过电力电路作用才干使其关断。
once the device begins to conduct ,it is latched on and the gate current can be removed.
一旦器件开始导通，它就自锁（门极失去作用），可以移去门极电流。
Because of the large ripple in ud and id ,this circuit is of little practical significance .
由于ud和id有很大脉动，因此这