博士生入学考试英语辅导听力部分.ppt

博士生入学考试英语辅导听力部分Listening ComprehensionListening ComprehensionSection A:ConversationsSection A:Conversations Usually there is a direction telling what is to be tested and displaying an example for you.If you Usually there is a direction telling what is to be tested and displaying an example for you.If you are familiar with all this,it is not necessary to read all the directions or to listen carefully.are familiar with all this,it is not necessary to read all the directions or to listen carefully.Instead you make use of this short span of time to have a glance over the following nine choices Instead you make use of this short span of time to have a glance over the following nine choices so as to have a rough idea of what is to be really tested.so as to have a rough idea of what is to be really tested.Listening ComprehensionListening ComprehensionTypes of QuestionsTypes of Questions figures:dates,days,time,prices,ages,years seasons,streets,telephone,etc figures:dates,days,time,prices,ages,years seasons,streets,telephone,etcHow many(persons)/dozens of)How many(persons)/dozens of)How many minutes fast/slow/lateHow many minutes fast/slow/lateHow much doesspend/save/earn/borrow/lend/payHow much doesspend/save/earn/borrow/lend/payHow old/often/far is How old/often/far is How long does it taketo/stay inHow long does it taketo/stay inWhen/At what timebegin/finishWhen/At what timebegin/finishWhen/On which dayarrive/want to leaveWhen/On which dayarrive/want to leaveListening ComprehensionListening ComprehensionNote:Note:n nteenteen和和 ty ty的区别和千以上数的辨记。的区别和千以上数的辨记。n n街道、房间、汽车、电话等号码的习惯表达方法，如街道、房间、汽车、电话等号码的习惯表达方法，如320320读成读成three twentythree twenty或或threethreetwotwozerozero；n n价格的习惯表达。如价格的习惯表达。如$19$199595读成读成nineteen ninetynineteen ninetyfivefive。n n时时间间表表达达上上英英美美的的差差异异，如如1 1：4545可可读读成成a a quarter quarter to to twotwo或或one one fortyfortyfive;five;2 2：00 00 p pm.m.可可读读成成two two p pm.m.或或fourteen hundred hours(14:00).fourteen hundred hours(14:00).n n年代、世纪口头与书面表达的差异，如年代、世纪口头与书面表达的差异，如2020世纪写成世纪写成1919，in the eighteen fortiesin the eighteen forties应理解为应理解为1919世纪世纪4040年代。年代。Listening ComprehensionListening ComprehensionNote:Note:n n单单位位的的换换算算。如如星星期期、日日期期、时时、分分的的换换算算进进率率分分别别为为7 7、30/3130/31、2424、6060等等。再再如如a a quarterquarter指指时时间间是是1515分钟，指月份是一季度分钟，指月份是一季度(三个月三个月)，指百分比为，指百分比为25%25%。n n倍数意义的表达。如倍数意义的表达。如times,twice,couple,a pair of,half of,double,onetimes,twice,couple,a pair of,half of,double,onethird,percentagethird,percentage等等。等等。n n注意诸如注意诸如late(later),early(earlier),delay,start,ahead of,fast,slow,increase,addlate(later),early(earlier),delay,start,ahead of,fast,slow,increase,add等与时间数字有关的词，以帮等与时间数字有关的词，以帮助理解和计算。助理解和计算。Listening ComprehensionListening ComprehensionTypes of QuestionsTypes of QuestionsPlaces:Places:抓住与特定场所有关的词、词组和句型，推断暗示的地点抓住与特定场所有关的词、词组和句型，推断暗示的地点抓住与特定场所有关的词、词组和句型，推断暗示的地点抓住与特定场所有关的词、词组和句型，推断暗示的地点.Where does this conversation(most probably)take placeWhere does this conversation(most probably)take placeWhere is this conversation(most probably)taking placeWhere is this conversation(most probably)taking placeWhere does the man/woman plan/want to goWhere does the man/woman plan/want to goWhere does the man/woman prefer to live/stayWhere does the man/woman prefer to live/stayWhere is the man/woman working/living nowWhere is the man/woman working/living nowWhat place did the man/woman visit first/lastWhat place did the man/woman visit first/lastWhere are the speakers nowWhere are the speakers nowWhere is fromWhere is fromWhere have they been toWhere have they been toListening ComprehensionListening Comprehension听力考试中常见的与地点有关的词汇和表达听力考试中常见的与地点有关的词汇和表达听力考试中常见的与地点有关的词汇和表达听力考试中常见的与地点有关的词汇和表达Hospital:medicine,operation,doctor,patient,nurse,ward,fever,cough,headache,temperature,bloodHospital:medicine,operation,doctor,patient,nurse,ward,fever,cough,headache,temperature,bloodpressure,dizzy,pressure,dizzy,rundownrundown；What seems to be the troubleWhat seems to be the troubleBank:account,cheque,interest rate,cash,tellers window,deposit,dollar,pound,open on account,withdraw some Bank:account,cheque,interest rate,cash,tellers window,deposit,dollar,pound,open on account,withdraw some moneymoneyPost-office:stamp,envelope,parcel,postage,registered mail,air mail,ordinary mail,telegram,money orderPost-office:stamp,envelope,parcel,postage,registered mail,air mail,ordinary mail,telegram,money orderHotel:reception desk,front desk,vacant room,single/double room,twin bed,reserve,check in,check out,porter,Hotel:reception desk,front desk,vacant room,single/double room,twin bed,reserve,check in,check out,porter,tip,full,room servicetip,full,room serviceListening ComprehensionListening Comprehension听力考试中常见的与地点有关的词汇和表达听力考试中常见的与地点有关的词汇和表达听力考试中常见的与地点有关的词汇和表达听力考试中常见的与地点有关的词汇和表达Restaurant:order,menu,bill,waiter,drink,salad,soup,dessert,roast beef,steak,go Dutch;Its my treat.Are you ready Restaurant:order,menu,bill,waiter,drink,salad,soup,dessert,roast beef,steak,go Dutch;Its my treat.Are you ready to order nowIm full.to order nowIm full.School:professor,exam,campus,degree,semester,term,assignment,grade,score,paper,lab test,course,creditSchool:professor,exam,campus,degree,semester,term,assignment,grade,score,paper,lab test,course,creditStore:size,color,style,price,fashion,cheap,expensive,counter,payStore:size,color,style,price,fashion,cheap,expensive,counter,pay；What can I do for you Is there anything I can What can I do for you Is there anything I can do for you Id like to seedo for you Id like to seeAirport:departure,flight,take off,security clearance,green/red channel,boarding pass,check in,gateAirport:departure,flight,take off,security clearance,green/red channel,boarding pass,check in,gateCustoms:duty free,fill in the form.Do you have anything to declareCustoms:duty free,fill in the form.Do you have anything to declareLibrary:catalogue,list,renew,borrow,dueLibrary:catalogue,list,renew,borrow,dueListening ComprehensionListening Comprehension地点部分的答题其它要领：地点部分的答题其它要领：地点部分的答题其它要领：地点部分的答题其它要领：n n根据选择项中地点名词前的介词推断提问。根据选择项中地点名词前的介词推断提问。n n听清问题。听清问题。n n熟悉世界上主要国家和英、美、加拿大主要城市的名称。熟悉世界上主要国家和英、美、加拿大主要城市的名称。Listening ComprehensionListening Comprehension人物类的常见提问形式：人物类的常见提问形式：人物类的常见提问形式：人物类的常见提问形式：What is the man/womanWhat is the man/womanWho is the man/womanWho is the man/womanWhat/who are the speakersWhat/who are the speakersWhat is the mans/womans profession/occupation/jobWhat is the mans/womans profession/occupation/jobWhat is(probably)the relationship between the man and the woman/the two speakersWhat is(probably)the relationship between the man and the woman/the two speakersWho hascalled to came over(to fix)Who hascalled to came over(to fix)Who willgo to for helpWho willgo to for helpListening ComprehensionListening Comprehension人物类问题答题要领人物类问题答题要领人物类问题答题要领人物类问题答题要领n n利用每题之间的短暂停顿，浏览试题选择项，确定问题与职业有关、与身份有关，还是与说利用每题之间的短暂停顿，浏览试题选择项，确定问题与职业有关、与身份有关，还是与说话者的角色有关。如选择项是单数名词，即问职业、角色；如选择项为复数名词或两种身份，话者的角色有关。如选择项是单数名词，即问职业、角色；如选择项为复数名词或两种身份，则问的是人物关系。则问的是人物关系。n n体会讲话人的口气、语调、称呼，从而判断对话者之间的关系。体会讲话人的口气、语调、称呼，从而判断对话者之间的关系。n n熟悉与某一职业相关的常用词汇与表达（参见地点部分），如：老师与学生、营业员与顾客、熟悉与某一职业相关的常用词汇与表达（参见地点部分），如：老师与学生、营业员与顾客、医生与患者之间的用词肯定不同。医生与患者之间的用词肯定不同。Listening ComprehensionListening Comprehension推断类题常见提问形式：推断类题常见提问形式：推断类题常见提问形式：推断类题常见提问形式：What does the man/woman mean/implyWhat does the man/woman mean/implyWhat can we learn/infer/conclude from the conversationWhat can we learn/infer/conclude from the conversationWhat can be inferred from the mans/womans reply/responseWhat can be inferred from the mans/womans reply/responseWhat is the mans/womans attitude towardsWhat is the mans/womans attitude towardsWhat does the woman/man think of the idea/playWhat does the woman/man think of the idea/playHow does the man feel about the plan/proposalHow does the man feel about the plan/proposalWhat conclusion can we draw from the womans statementWhat conclusion can we draw from the womans statementListening ComprehensionListening Comprehension推断类问题的答题要领：推断类问题的答题要领：推断类问题的答题要领：推断类问题的答题要领：n n留留意意对对话话人人的的语语音音、语语调调，捕捕捉捉其其“弦弦外外之之音音”。一一般般说说来来降降调调表表示示肯肯定定、赞赞同同；升升调调表表示示疑疑问问、否否定定，尤尤其其是是一一般般疑疑问问句句用用降降调调、陈陈述述句句用用升升调调时时。注注意意讲讲话话人人经经常常采采用用虚虚拟拟语语气气的的形形式式表表达达反反意意，如：如：should have done sth.should have done sth.应该做而未做应该做而未做 shouldnt have done sth.shouldnt have done sth.不应该做而做了不应该做而做了 neednt have done sth.neednt have done sth.不必做而实际做了不必做而实际做了 might have done sth.might have done sth.本可以做而实际未做本可以做而实际未做n n善于联想，揭示事物之间的相关性；善于联想，揭示事物之间的相关性；n n注意注意butbut后面的信息。后面的信息。Listening ComprehensionListening ComprehensionSection B PassagesSection B Passages短文部分提问形式主要分为主题类和细节类两大类。短文部分提问形式主要分为主题类和细节类两大类。主题类即对短文的中心思想、主旨大意进行提问：主题类即对短文的中心思想、主旨大意进行提问：What is the main topic/idea of the passageWhat is the main topic/idea of the passageWhat(do you think)is the best title of the passageWhat(do you think)is the best title of the passageWhat is the most suitable title of the passageWhat is the most suitable title of the passageWhat does the passage advise us to doWhat does the passage advise us to doWhat does the story implyWhat does the story implyWhat can we learn/infer from the passageWhat can we learn/infer from the passageWhat does the passage mainly talk aboutWhat does the passage mainly talk aboutListening ComprehensionListening Comprehension 细节类问题对短文中涉及的情节、人物、事情的因与果进行提问。细节类问题对短文中涉及的情节、人物、事情的因与果进行提问。What is the primary cause of What is the primary cause of What is the reason forWhat is the reason forWhy is it necessary/important for sb.to doWhy is it necessary/important for sb.to doWhat is the purpose ofWhat is the purpose ofAccording to the passage,which of the following is TRUE/NOT TRUE(mentioned/not mentioned)According to the passage,which of the following is TRUE/NOT TRUE(mentioned/not mentioned)According to the passage,which of the following is(not)the reason forAccording to the passage,which of the following is(not)the reason forHow does sb.(the writer/speaker)feel aboutHow does sb.(the writer/speaker)feel aboutWhat does the speaker/writer seem most concerned aboutWhat does the speaker/writer seem most concerned aboutListening ComprehensionListening Comprehension短文的答题要领短文的答题要领短文的答题要领短文的答题要领n n听前扫视选择项，预测短文内容和可能提出的问题。听前扫视选择项，预测短文内容和可能提出的问题。n n注意开头结尾，抓住主题思想和大意。注意开头结尾，抓住主题思想和大意。n n在听懂原文的基础上，还要听懂所提的问题，避免答非所问。在听懂原文的基础上，还要听懂所提的问题，避免答非所问。n n沉沉着着应应对对，遇遇有有生生词词不不要要慌慌乱乱着着急急，利利用用 that that is,is,in in other other words,words,namely namely 等等解解释释性性词词句句和和文文中中的的例例子子，追加理解错过的或不懂的内容。追加理解错过的或不懂的内容。Listening ComprehensionListening Comprehension111、对话单项、对话单项、对话单项222、短文、短文、短文333、综合、综合、综合要求：课后大量练习，要求：课后大量练习，要求：课后大量练习，熟悉各种听力材料和声音。平时练习的难度应适当超过考试水平。熟悉各种听力材料和声音。平时练习的难度应适当超过考试水平。熟悉各种听力材料和声音。平时练习的难度应适当超过考试水平。下一讲下一讲下一讲下一讲：写作写作写作写作Goodbye