低温余热发电工程可行性研究报告.doc

*******有限公司

******低温余热发电工程(****)

可行性研究报告

*******设计研究院
******有限公司

*****设计研究院

院


长


*****

总 工 程 师

****有限公司


***

总


经


理


***

副 总 工 程 师


***

设 计 经 理


***

热

化


专 业


机

学


报告编、审人员

编写（设计） 审 核

******

**** ****


审 定

环 境 保 护

劳动安全与卫生

总 图 与 交 通

***

***

*

结

建

暖

构

筑

通

*

给

消

电

排

水

防

气

*

热 工 仪 表

*

概

算

*

技 术 经 济 分 析

**

目


录

第一章 企业概况及生产技术现状·············································································1

第二章 项目提出的依据和必要性·············································································2
1． 项目背景···································································································2
2． 水泥工业节能降耗···················································································6
3． 改善环境质量···························································································6
4． 促进水泥产业结构调整·············································································6
5． 理想的 CDM 项目······················································································7

第三章 工程前景分析·······························································································8

第四章 建设条件····································································································9
1． 站址·······································································································9
2． 自然条件································································································9
3． 化学药品供应························································································9
4． 水源········································································································10
5． 供电状况································································································10
6． 建设资金来源························································································10
7． 地址灾害影响分析··················································································10
8． 其他不利影响分析·················································································11

第五章 项目内容及设计原则··················································································12
1． 项目内容································································································12
2． 设计原则································································································12

第六章 技术方案论述····························································································13
1． 总平面布置····························································································13
2． 余热锅炉工艺流程··················································································14
3． 装机规模································································································15

4． 热力系统·································································································21
5． 冷却水系统·····························································································22
6． 化学水处理·····························································································23
7． 车间布置·································································································25
8． 电气及热工自动化··················································································26
9． 给水排水·································································································33
10． 通风空调·································································································34
11． 建筑········································································································35
12． 结构········································································································37

第七章 电站主要设备·····························································································31

第八章 消防···········································································································34
1． 总图及交通·····························································································34
2． 建筑物及构筑物要求··············································································34
3． 电气设施防火要求·················································································34
4． 电站各系统消防措施···············································································35

第九章 环境保护····································································································36
1． 环境保护设计采用的标准·······································································36
2． 地区环境概况·························································································36
3． 污染物分析·····························································································38
4． 污染控制措施························································································38
5． 绿化········································································································40
6． 环境管理及监测······················································································40
7． 对环境的减排作用·················································································40
8． 综合评估·································································································41

第十章 安全生产····································································································42
1． 工程概况·································································································42
2． 工程性质································································································42

3． 设计依据及标准······················································································42
4． 生产过程中职业危害因素的分析····························································43
5． 各种危害因素采取的主要防范措施························································43
6． 职业安全卫生机构·················································································44

第十一章 节能····································································································45
1． 余热利用及碳减排量···············································································45
2． 节能产品的选用·····················································································46
3． 节水······································································································47
4． 变频技术的应用······················································································47
5． 保温材料·································································································48
6． 节能量统计·····························································································48

第十二章 劳动定员······························································································50
1． 机构设置·································································································50
2． 劳动定员设置························································································50
3． 劳动生产率·····························································································50
4． 职工培训································································································50
5． 劳动定员明细表·····················································································51

第十三章 建设进度设想及工程组织····································································52

第十四章 投资估算及资金来源···········································································53
1． 概述········································································································53
2． 编制依据································································································53
3． 投资分析································································································53
4． 投资构成·································································································54
5． 总估算表·································································································54

第十五章 技术经济指标分析··············································································53
1． 概述········································································································53

2． 盈利能力分析·························································································53
3． 清偿能力分析·······················································································53
4． 不确定性分析························································································54
5． 财务评价结论························································································55
6． 财务评价附表·························································································55

第十六章 技术经济指标······················································································56

第十七章 结论与建议·························································································59

附图

F01
F02
F03
F04
F05
F06
F07
电站总平面图
烟风系统流程图
热力系统流程图
给排水系统流程图
化学水系统流程图图
接入系统图
计算机系统配置方案图

F08-1 主厂房±0.000 平面布置图
F08-2 主厂房运转层平面布置图
F08-3 主厂房 1-1 剖面图

第一章 企业概况及生产技术现状
可行性研究报告

****有限公司隶属***集团，坐落在****，占地面积*** 多万平方米，现属****集团。。
该公司现有一条 ***t/d 水泥熟料生产线，由于水泥窑在生产水泥过程中，有
较多的中低温废气排放，为了进一步降低水泥熟料生产成本，提高企业经济效益，同
时节约能源、保护环境，创造良好的社会效益，公司在充分调研的基础上，决定利用
现有的 ***t/d 水泥熟料生产线窑头、窑尾生产时排放的废气进行余热发电，建设
纯低温余热发电系统，装机规模为 ***MW。

**
- 1 -

)

第二章 项目提出的依据和必要性
1. 项目背景
可行性研究报告

随着我国人口的不断增加和经济的快速发展，资源相对不足的矛盾将日益突出，
寻找新的资源或可再生资源，以及合理的综合利用现有的宝贵资源将是我国今后如何
确保经济可持续发展的关键所在。为此，早在 1996 年国务院就制定并出台了一系列
开展资源综合利用的政策，倡导要坚持资源开发与节约并举，并把节约放在首位，一
切生产、建设、流通、消费等各个领域，都必须节约和合理利用现有的各种资源，千
方百计减少资源的占用和消耗。
开展资源综合利用，是我国的一项长期的重大技术经济政策，也是我国国民经济
和社会发展中一项长远的战略方针，对于节约资源、改善环境状况、提高经济效益，
实现资源的优化配置和可持续发展具有重要的意义。
人类生存和社会发展进步所必须依赖的石油、煤炭、水等均属于资源的范畴，均
属于全人类、全社会所必须予以保护和合理综合利用的资源领域。为贯彻落实国家资
源综合利用的鼓励和扶持政策，加强资源综合利用管理，鼓励企业开展资源综合利用，
促进经济社会可持续发展，国务院制定《国家鼓励的资源综合利用认定管理办法》，
本办法自 2006 年 10 月 1 日起施行。原国家经贸委、国家税务总局发布的《资源综
合利用认定管理办法》（国经贸资源〔1998〕716 号）和《资源综合利用电厂（机
组）认定管理办法》（国经贸资源〔2000〕660 号）同时废止。《管理办法》中规
定：申报资源综合利用认定的综合利用发电单位，还应具备以下条件：······按照国家
审批或核准权限规定，经政府主管部门核准（审批）建设的电站······；以工业生产过
程中产生的可利用的热能及压差发电的企业（分厂、车间），应根据产生余热、余压
的品质和余热量或生产工艺耗气量和可利用的工质参数确定工业余热、余压电厂的装
机容量。对审定合格的资源综合利用企业，主管部门颁发《资源综合利用认定证书》，
《资源综合利用认定证书》是各级主管税务机关审批资源综合利用减免税的必要条
件。
利用水泥生产过程中的余热建设电站后，电站的产品－电力将回用于水泥生产，
这套系统在回收水泥生产过程中产生的大量余热的同时，又减少了水泥厂对环境的热
污染以及粉尘污染，这将给企业带来巨大的经济效益。这套系统是一个典型的循环经
济范例。
2004 年 9 月 28 至 29 日，国家发展改革委在北京召开全国循环经济工作会议。
会议作了题为“贯彻和落实科学发展观，大力推进循环经济发展”的报告。
会议指出，循环经济是一种以资源的高效利用和循环利用为核心，以“减量化、

可行性研究报告

再利用、资源化”为原则，以低消耗、低排放、高效率为基本特征，符合可持续发展
理念的经济增长模式，是对“大量生产、大量消费、大量废弃”的传统增长模式的根本
变革。发展循环经济有利于形成节约资源、保护环境的生产方式和消费模式，有利于
提高经济增长的质量和效益，有利于建设资源节约型社会，有利于促进人与自然的和
谐，充分体现了以人为本，全面协调可持续发展观的本质要求，是实现全面建设小康
社会宏伟目标的必然选择，也是关系中华民族长远发展的根本大计。
会议指出，要在五个环节加快推进循环经济发展。在资源开采环节，要大力提高
资源综合开发和回收利用率；在资源消耗环节，要大力提高资源利用效率；在废弃物
产生环节，要大力开展资源综合利用；在再生资源产生环节，要大力回收和循环利用
各种废旧资源；在社会消费环节，要大力提倡绿色消费。
2005 年 6 月，国家发改委和科技部在《中国节能技术政策大纲－2005 修订》中
明确指出：我国钢铁、化工、建材、石化、有色、轻纺、机械等主要耗能行业，目前
工业窑炉余热利用率仅在 5%左右，到 2010 年，余热利用率应达到 15%左右。工业
窑炉余能余热回收利用原则是“梯级利用，高质高用”。优先把高品位余能余热用于作
功或发电，低温余热用于空调、采暖或生活用热。具体对于水泥行业的要求更加具体：
要在大型新型干法水泥窑纯中低温余热发电。水泥生产线通过增设纯低温余热电站
后，一般吨熟料成本可降低成本 10~12 元左右。
2005 年 12 月，国家发改委发布《产业结构调整指导目录（2005 年本）》，其
中就包括：日产 2,000 吨及以上熟料新型干法水泥生产余热发电。2006 年初，国家
发改委等八部门发布的《关于加快水泥工业结构调整的若干意见》中，要求到 2010
年，新型干法水泥采用余热发电的生产线达 40%。
2006 年 7 月 26 日，国家发改委在北京召开了全国节能工作会议，各省、自治
区、直辖市等主管节能工作的高官参加了会议。国家发展改革委指出，近年来随着经
济规模的不断扩大，中国对能源的需求在持续较快增加，这已成为制约经济社会发展
的瓶颈。缓解能源瓶颈制约的根本出路是坚持开发与节约并举，节能优先的方针，大
力推进节能降耗，提高能源利用效率。为了强调当前节能工作的重要性，国家发改委
在会议现场与三十个省、自治区、直辖市及新疆生产建设兵团和十四家中央企业负责
人签订了节能目标责任书。中国财政部在会上表示，财政部要调整完善现有税收政策，
择机出台有利于节能的优惠措施。包括：考虑将节能设备作为享受企业所得税优惠政
策的对象之一，······鼓励节能设备推广使用；······鼓励环保和节能相结合······。中央财
政将根据节能工作需要，着重从节能产品生产、节能设备应用、节能技术研发推广等
方面入手，适时研究制定相应的税收优惠政策。这次会议预示着中国节能工作全面展

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可行性研究报告

由此可见，水泥行业建设已经迎来了建设纯低温余热发电的高峰期，这是社会和
政府在能源节约和环境保护的巨大压力下提出的紧迫要求,也是水泥行业面对日益激
烈的市场竞争的经济形势下的急迫要求。
水泥窑余热电站建成后，可大力回收和循环利用水泥窑废气，提高水泥线的整体
资源利用水平，为资源的绿色消费贡献力量。另外，利用水泥窑余热发电，实际上就
是相应减少了电力系统中燃煤电站产生同等电量而产生的 CO2的排放。根据《京都
议定书》规定的基于市场经济原则的清洁发展机制（CDM），这些 CO2的减排量是
可以在国际碳排放交易中出售的，从而可以减少余热发电的投资费用。
能源是经济发展的重要物质基础，因此节约能源与开发新能源是我国经济发展建
设中的一项主要任务。开展资源综合利用，是我国的一项长期的重大技术经济政策，
也是我国国民经济和社会发展中一项长远的战略方针，对于节约资源、改善环境状况、
提高经济效益，实现资源的优化配置和可持续发展具有重要的意义。
水泥工业是耗能大户，在水泥生产成本中能耗约占生产成本的 30%以上。针对
水泥生产能耗高、成本高、效益低的局面，八十年代以来我国水泥企业在煅烧、粉磨、
烘干、风机、余热利用、节电等方面做了大量的工作，取得了明显成效，但与先进国
家的水平相比还存在很大差距，节能降耗是水泥工业当前和今后发展中必须解决的课
题。
水泥厂排出的废气有大量的余热资源，如何有效的利用这部分热源，许多科技工
作者进行了长期的研究，提出了余热发电的设想。30 年代起我国就有了中空回转窑
的余热发电装备，至今已有十几套余热发电机组在运行。这些装备均为干法中空窑带
余热锅炉的发电机组与窑外分解炉带补燃炉的中低温余热发电机组。由于多种原因，
两者均未能得到广泛推广使用。
随着水泥工业技术和装备水平的不断提高，窑外分解技术日益普及，而且废气温
度较低，如何经济合理地利用这部分废气所含热力资源进行发电，已被国家列为重点
科技开发项目。
对于水泥厂的新型干法水泥生产线来说，余热发电量最大可达生产用电量的
30%以上，大大地降低了生产成本，对促进水泥厂的发展壮大具有极其重大的现实意
义，同时也将为水泥企业结构的调整和节能工作的发展起到积极的推动作用。

2. 水泥工业节能降耗
水泥工业生产年耗电量为全国年发电量的 5%，占建材工业总用电量的 70%，而

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可行性研究报告

目前水泥工业技术装备水平决定了其生产过程热效率约为 50%，近一半的煤被浪费
了。由此可见，采用中、低温余热发电技术装备回收生产过程中的热能用来发电，使
余热得到了利用，其价值不仅是提高了煤的利用率，更是使它转变为优质的能源－电
力，补充生产中的用电量，更有效地降低水泥生产的成本，是水泥工业节能降耗的一
条最好的途径。

3. 改善环境质量
本项目属纯余热发电项目，所以对环境来说相当于减少了发电厂在同样发电量条
件下的有害物（包括粉尘、SOX、NOX 及 CO2 等）的排放，减轻了对环境的污染；
同时，由于将较高的废气温度采用发电方式降低到 100℃左右排放，也降低了对环境
的热污染；另外，尤其对窑尾废气来说，废气已不再经过增湿塔，节约了水资源。所
以实施低温余热发电项目可带来明显的环境效益。

4. 促进水泥产业结构调整
由于中、低温余热发电装备利用的热源温度低，其经济性与水泥窑的规模、设备
有密切的关系。水泥窑的产量越大，其余热发电系统就越经济，因此中、低温余热发
电系统适用于大型水泥企业的推广运用，可进一步降低产品成本，提高产品的竞争力
和占有率，促进大企业进一步发展壮大，促进水泥工业的产业结构调整，改变目前以
技术和装备都落后的小企业为主体的局面，开创以现代干法水泥生产技术装备的大型
企业集团为主体的新局面。

5. 理想的 CDM 项目
为了应对温室气体排放对全球气候变化带来的严重影响，20 多年来，人类社会
进行了持续不懈的努力。1997 年 12 月在日本京都通过的《京都议定书》是这种努力
的里程碑式的极其重要的成果。在《联合国气候变化框架公约》之下，世界各国最终
签署了具有法律约束力的《京都议定书》，规定在 2008 到 2012 年的第一个承诺期
内，工业发达国家必须将二氧化碳排放总量在 1990 年排放总量的基础上减少 5.2%；
发展中国家在此期间不承担减排义务，而且可以将本国实现的减排量出售给发达国
家，换取资金与技术，再用于国内的环境保护事业，促进发展中国家的可持续发展，
这就是《京都议定书》所涉及的“清洁发展机制（简称 CDM－Clean Development
Machanism）”的精髓。

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可行性研究报告

CDM 是《京都议定书》第 12 条所建立的发达国家与发展中国家之间的一种国
际合作机制。《京都议定书》所涉及的 CDM 包含双重目的：帮助发展中国家实现可
持续发展；帮助发达国家实现其减限排承诺。CDM 规定发达国家通过提供资金和技
术的方式，与发展中国家开展项目级的合作，将项目所实现的“核证减排量（CERS）”
用于发达国家缔约方完成他们在议定书中的减排承诺 。CDM 被普遍认为是一种“双
赢”机制：发展中国家通过合作可以获得资金和技术，有助于实现自己的可持续发展；
发达国家可以大幅度降低其在国内实现减排所需的高昂费用。
CDM 为发达国家实现减排承诺提供了另一种可行的途径。在