9BU4知识点梳理.doc

牛津英语导学
9B Chapter Four
All about films and TV
Language Points:

I. Useful words and expressions

1. film set
摄影场
2. film director
电影导演
3. make-up artist
化妆师
4. see stars
两眼直冒金星
5. have the time of one’s life
阻止……出去
6. in the form of gases
玩得愉快
7. the highlight of
…的亮点
8. camera operator
摄影师
9 for pleasure
为了消遣
10. film crew
电影摄制组
11. shoot a film
拍摄一个镜头
12. jump out of one’s skin
大吃一惊
13. be impressed by
被…所打动
14. seem to do something
似乎，好像
15. crash over
冲击，冲垮
16. special effects
特技效果
17. cut a long story short
长话短说
18. work as
从事… 工作
19. a piece of cake
轻松的事情
20. make up
组成，构成

II. Word study
1. humid a. 温暖潮湿的
à （近义词）wet ; （反义词） dry 干燥的
2. impress v. 给…留下深刻印象
e.g. Everyone was impressed by her acting in that film.
à impression n. 印象，感想
e.g. She left a good impression in that film.
à impressive a. 令人敬佩的
3. violently adv. 猛烈地，厉害地
e.g. During the earthquake, the building moved about violently.
à violent a. 猛烈的，暴力的
e.g. This film is too violent for children to see.
à violence n. 暴力
e.g. Violence is not a good way to solve problems.
4. act v. 表演，行动
e.g. Now that you have expressed your determination, you should act
à action n. 表演，行动
e.g. You have to take action and deal with problems.
à active a. 积极的
e.g. He takes an active part in outdoor activities.
à actor n. 男演员
e.g. He hoped to become an actor or singer.
à actress n. 女演员
à activity n. 活动
5. director n. 导演
e.g. Can I meet the director first?
à direct v. 导演（电影）
e.g. It’s amazing to direct such an exciting film.
6. select v. 挑选，选择
e.g. This present is selected for the children.
à selection n. 选择
e.g. He has made the final selection.
7. pollute v. 污染
e.g. We should not pollute our rivers with waste.
à pollution n. 污染
e.g. Pollution is a big problem.
à polluted a. 受污染的
e.g. We found the water polluted.
8. life n. 生命，生活
à lives (pl.)
à live v. 居住
à lifeless a. 毫无生机的
à alive a. 活着的
à lively a. 生动活泼的
9. heat n/v. 热量 / 加热
e.g. Heat the water till it reaches boiling point.
à hot a. 热的
10. main a. 主要的
à mainly ad. 主要地
11. protect v. 保护
à protection n. 保护
à protective a. 保护的

III. Sentence structures:
A: Reported speech (间接引语）
用自己的话引述别人的话时，被转述的话不放在引号内，称为间接引语。间接引语在大多数情况下是一个宾语从句。直接引语变成间接引语时，人称，时态，语序等都可能发生变化。
1.时态变化
直接引语改为间接引语时，如果主句中的谓语动词是过去时，则从句中的谓语动词是过去时，则从句中的谓语动词要变成过去时范畴的各种时态，变化规则如下：
一般过去时 à 一般过去时
现在进行时 à 过去进行时
现在完成时 à 过去完成时
一般将来时 à 过去将来时
一般过去时 à 过去完成时
过去完成时 à 不变
过去进行时 à 不变

如：He says, “I have finished my homework.”
→He says that he has finished his homework.：
She will say, “I'll do it tomorrow.”
→She will say that she'll do it the next day.
The girl said, “I'm sorry for being late for class.”
→The girl said that she was sorry for being late for class.
He said to me, “I met your father.”
→He told me that he had met my father.
She said, “He will go to see his friend.”
→She said he would go to see his friend.
She said. “I have lost a pen.”
→She said that she had lost a pen
She said to me, “I’m studying Japanese these days.”
→She told me that she was studying Japanese those days.
3）当主句是过去时态时，时态也有不需要变化的情况。
直接引语中是：
①.客观真理：
“The earth goes around the sun.” said the teacher.
→The teacher said the earth goes around the sun.
②.有具体的过去年月日：③.过去完成时：④.过去进行时：
⑤.情态动词没有过去时的形式（ought to, had better, used to)或已经是过去时的形式时 (could, should, would, might)：
2.人称变化(一般遵循这句顺口溜 “一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”)
1). “一随主”是指引号内的主语人称是第一人称或被第一人称修饰，变间接引
语时，人称要变成引号外的主语人称。如：
①.They said, “We will go there by bus.”
→They said they would go there by bus.
②.She said “My sister wants to go with me.”
→She said (that) her sister wanted to go with her.
2). “二随宾”是指引号内的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称修饰，变间接引语时，人称要变成引号外的宾语人称。如果引号外没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。如：
①.She said to me, “Are you interested in science?”
→She asked me if I was interested in science.
②.He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?"
→He asked Kate how her sister was then.
③.She said, “Your pronunciation is better than his.”
→She told me that my pronunciation was better than his.

3). “第三人称不更新”是指引号内的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称修
饰，变间接引语时，人称一般不需要变化。如：
①.His mother said to me, “He can't go to school.”
→His mother told me that he couldn't go to school.
②.Mr. Smith said, "Jack’s brother is a good worker."
→Mr. Smith said Jack’s brother was a good worker.
3.指示代词变化
1).this --- that
He said, “I want this.” →He said that he wanted that.
2).these --- those
He said, "These books are mine." →He said that those books were his.
4.句型变化
①直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。
She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes.“
→She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.
②直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由 whether或if引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述语序）。
He said, "Can you swim, John? “→He asked John if he could swim.
“Do you go to school by bus or by bike?” 
→He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.
③直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述语序）。
She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?”
→ She asked me when they had their dinner.
④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“Tell (ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth.”句型 。如：
"Don't make any noise," the teacher said to the students.
 →She told (ordered) the students not to make any noise. 
“Open the door, please," said she.
→She asked him to open the door.
⑤直接引语如果是以“Let's”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动句词（或从句）”如：
He said, "Let's go to the movies." 
→He suggested going to the movies.
或He suggested that they should go to see the movies.

Extended reading:
Jane Eyre is my favorite film. It is not surprising to find some differences between the film and the novel, because the story is retold in a new way, but the spirit of the novel remains----to be an independent person, both physically and mentally.
    Jane Eyre’s parents passed away when she was very young, and her aunt，the only relative she had，treated her badly. Since Jane’s education in Lowwood Orphanage began, she hadn’t got what she had been expecting——simply being regarded as a common person just like any other girl around her. The suffers from being unfairly treated teach Jane to be persevering and prize dignity over anything else. Later, Jane became a tutor in Thornfield Garden. There she met the garden’s owner, Mr. Rochester, a man with warm heart despite a cold face outside. Things seemed to get better, but fate had decided otherwise: After Jane and Rochester fell in love with each other and got down to get marry, she unfortunately came to know that in fact Rochester had a wife, who seemed to be the shadow following Rochester ----Mr. Rochester was also a hopeless person in need of help. Jane did want to give him a hand, however, she made up her mind to leave, because she didn’t want to betray her own rules, because she was Jane Eyre. The film has finally got a happy ending: Jane got a large number of money, and finally returned to Mr Rochester. Of course, Jane chose to stay with him forever.
    Life is always changing, but our living rules remain. Firmly fighting for the rights of being independent gives us enough confidence and courage. In the world of the film, we have found the stories of ourselves, which makes us so concerned about the fate of the people in the film. I love this film because it is the film that teaches me what independence and dignity mean to a person. It’s the spirit of Jane that makes the film meaningful.
    Heart is the engine of body, brain is the resource of thought, and great films are the mirrors of life. Without a doubt, “Jane Eyer” is one of them. Why don’t you enjoy it with your own eyes? I’m sure you will love it.

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