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当我们将2个对象进行比较时,我们要用形容词的比较级,表示“较…..”,“更……一些”,“比…..更….”,如:
My cousin is taller than I an
当被比较的对象是三个或三个以上时,我们会用形容词的最高级,表示“最…..”,最高级前通常要加定冠词the,如:
This is the most interesting story in the book
注意:被比较的对象可以是人,也可以是物
形容词的比较级和最高级的构成方法如下:
不规则:
原级
比较级
最高级
good/well
better
best
bad/ill
worse
worst
many/much
more
most
little
less
least
far
farther/further
farthest/furthest
规则:
构成法
原级
比较级
最高级
单音节词和部分双音节次
一般单音节词尾+er或est
great
near
young
greater
nearer
younger
greatest
nearest
youngest
少数以er、ow结尾的双音节词末尾加er,est
clever
narrow
cleverer
narrower
cleverest
narrowest
以不发音的e结尾的单音节词和少数以le结尾的双音节词加r或st
large
late
larger
later
largest
latest
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,双写最后一个辅音字母,再加er或est
hot
thin
big
hotter
thinner
bigger
hottest
thinnest
biggest
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,改y为i,加er或est
early
busy
earlier
busier
earliest
busiest
多音节词和部分双音节词
其他双音节词和多音节词,在前面加more,most
important
beautiful
more important
more beautiful
most important
most beautiful
注意:有些形容词有两种比较级和最高级的变化方式,如:
Clever—cleverer/more clever old—older/elder far—farther/further
原级:
(1)、“as+形容词/副词原级+as(否定句中用not so…as)”,如:
He is as tall as Tom
(2)、“as+形容词原级+a/an+单数名词+as”或“as+many/much+名词+as”,如:
This is as good an example as the other one
(3)、“倍数+as+adj.+as”=“倍数+the…+of”,如:
This bridge is three times as long as that one
=this bridge is three times the length of that one
形容词比较级常用于以下句式:
通常情况下,我们用“比较级+than”来引出比较的第二部分。
“less+原级+than(此结构不用于单音节词)”,如:
The book is less interesting than that one
“倍数+比较级+than”,如:
The box is three times bigger than that one
我们用“比较级+and+比较级”的结构来表示人或事物本身程度的改变:
The boys are stronger and stronger
“the+比较级,the +比较级”,表示“越….越….”,如:
The more ,the better
“the+比较级+of the two+名词复数”,如:
My brother is the taller of the two boys.
我们用“which….+比较级,…or…..”?的句型来表示在两者中选择:
Which is bigger,the sun or the moon
我们可在比较级前加上a little、much、even等词来表示程度。如:
China is much larger than Japan
形容词最高级常见于以下句式:
我们用“形容词性物主代词+最高级”的结构来表示某人或事物的“最….”,如:
Peter is his oldest son
注意:此时形容词的最高级前不需要定冠词the
我们用“the+最高级+比较范围”的结构来表示在某一范围内“最…..”,介词of和among后面接表示范围的人或物,in 后面接表示范围的名词或名词性短语。如:
I am the tallest of/among the three
Russia is the largest country in the world
我们用序数词修饰形容词的最高级,如:
In the USA,the third largest city is Los Angeles
“one of the+最高级+复数名词”表示“最…之一”,如:
He is one of the tallest boys in our class
比较等级用法的注意事项:
要注意比较对象的一致性,如:
我的电脑比他的贵:
My computer is more expensive than hers
本身已含有比较意味的词语通常不用于比较级,如:
Which do you prefer,tea or coffee?
比较级前定冠词使用规律。比较级前通常不用定冠词,但有时也用,主要用于以下情形“
(1)、当比较级后接名词时,比较级前可能用定冠词the,此时的定冠词不是修饰比较级,而是修饰其后的名词。如:
Which is the largest country,Canada or Australia?
(2)、当要特指两者中“较……”,比较级前通常要带定冠词,此时可视为比较级后省略了有关的名词或代词one,即定冠词实为修饰被省略的名词或代词one。如:
This dictionary is the more useful of the two
最高级前冠词使用规律:
(1)、在形容词最高级前通常有the
This is the best room in the hotel
(2)、当形容词最高级用作表语(尤其在which之后)且不带比较范围时,the 有时(尤其是非正式场合),可以省略,如:
This dictionary is (the)best
但是,当处于表语位置的最高级带有比较范围或带有限定性修饰词时,其前的the不能省
This dictionary is the best I could find
(3)、在副词最高级前可用the,也可省略,如:
Among them,he studies (the) hardest
比较级和最高级的常见修饰语:
(1)、比较级的常见修饰语有:far,even,still,a lot,lots,a great deal,a bit ,rather,three times,any,no,much等,如:
This pair of shoes is much better
(2)、最高级的常见修饰语有:(by)far,nearly,almost,not quite,by no means,very,second等,如:
He is nearly the tallest boy in our school
比较级与最高级的转换:
(1)、常见可转换为最高级的比较级句型:
比较级+than+the other+复数名词
比较级+than+the rest of+复数名词
比较级+than+any of the other+复数名词
比较级+than+any other+单数名词(比较双方属于同一类别或同一范围内,即表示“同一范围内的一者比其他任何一者更….”)
比较级+than+any+单数名词(比较双方不属于同一类别或同一范围内,即表示“不同范围内的一者比其他任何一者更….”)如:
She goes to school earlier than the others girls。
He works harder than any other student
(2)、“比较级+than+anything/anyone else”
George did more work than anyone else
(3)、在比较句型中使用no,nobody,nothing等词语
I like nothing better than swimming
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