1、七年级上册英语知识点Unit 11.一My name s J enny.我叫詹妮。一I m Gina.N ice to meet you.(Pl)我是吉娜,很高兴见到你。1)My name is意为“我的名字是”,是介绍自己名字的正规 用语。My name s是My name is的缩写形式。注意:初次见面时,自 我介绍是社交礼貌,一般先介绍自己的名字。如:一My name is Tony.我的名字叫托尼。一My name is Linda.N ice to meet you.见到你我很 高兴。My name is也可以说I am-,可缩写成I,m,要显得随意,非正式些。2)当两个人在某地初次
2、见面时,常用N ice to meet you.来表示 问候,此句型等于It s nice to meet you.其答语应为:N ice to meet you,too.如:一H ello,N ick.N ice to meet you!你好,尼克。见到你很高兴!一H ello,J ack.N ice to meet you too!你好,杰克。见到你我也很高兴1 类似的说法还有:N ice to see you!Glad to meet(see)you!I,m glad to meet(see)youGood to see you here.2.一What,s your name?你叫什么
3、名字?Alan.(Pl)艾伦。What s your name?是用来询问对方叫什么名字的特殊疑问句,一般是上级对下级,长者对年轻人、同学同事或平辈之间才这样说。回 答用My name is.,也可以简单地说出名字。如:一What?s your name?你叫什么名字?一My name is Li Lei.我叫李雷。询问对方姓名时还可用以下较客气的说法:May I know your name,please?Could I have your name,please?Your name,please?3.What?s her family name?(P4)她姓什么?family name=l
4、ast name,意为“姓氏”,first name 意为“名字英美人的姓和名的顺序正好与中国人的姓与名相反,英美人姓在后,名 在前,并且姓常与Mr,Mrss,Ms连用。如:My full name is J ames Green.Green is my family name.我的全名是詹 姆士 格林。格林是我的姓。4.一What?s your telephone number,LiXin?李新,你的电话号码是多少?It s 281-9176.(P4)是 281-9176。What-number?是用来对自行车牌号、房间号、电话号码、身份证 号码等进行提问,what在此句中是“多少”的意思,
5、其答语是“It s+号码”。此外还有另一种形式:What?s the number of,?如:What?s the number of your car?你的车牌号码是多少?It s 621238.是 621238。练习:用适当的词补全下列对话。A:H i!What s your 1?B:My name 2=Mike Smith.A:Is your 3 name Mike?B:Yes.A:What,s your _4_5?B:6 _J 688-23997A:N ice to 8_9_.B:N ice to meet you,10.Key:1.name 2.is 3.first 4.telep
6、hone 5.number 6.It 7.is 8.meet 9.you 10.tooUnit 21.一Is this your ruler?这是的尺子吗?一N o,it isn t.(P7)不,不是的。Is this(that),?是 This is的一般疑问句形式,this 和 that 都是指示代词,this表示“这,“这个”,指离说话人较近的人或物;that表示“那”,“那个”,指离说话人较远的人或物。对于这种一般疑 问句的答语,通常用yes或no开头作简略回答,并用it来代替问句中 的this或that以避免重复。如:一Is that his book?那是他的书吗?一N o,it
7、isn t.(P8)不,不是的。注意:简略答语中的it is不能缩写成。试译:这是吉普车吗?是的,是吉普车。误:一Is this a jeep?一Yes,it s.正:一Is this a jeep?一Yes,it is.3.Excuse me,Sonia.(P8)蒂姆,对不起。Excuse me.意为“对不起”,“劳驾”,“请原谅”,“请问”等。常用 于事前要打扰别人,如:借东西、提出请求、问路、插话等场合,向对 方表示歉意时的客套话,以示礼貌。如:一Excuse me.Are you Mr.Green?请问,你是格林先生吗?一Yes,I am.是的,我是。一Excuse me.Where
8、is the hospital?请问,医院在哪里?一Sorry,I don t know.很抱歉,我不知道。一Excuse me.May I have at that book?对不起,我可以看下那本书吗?一Certainly.当然可以。4.Yes,thank you.(P8)是的,谢谢你。Thank you.=Thanks Thank you是英美人日常生活中使用频率很 高的一个词语,在正式场合和非正式场合都适用。家庭成员之间只要别 人为你做了事,帮了忙,让了路等,你应用thank you来致谢。另外,在说英语的国家里,当受到别人的赞许或夸奖时,也应用thank you 来表达谢意。如果加深
9、程度,可表达为:Thank you very much.或 Thanks a lot.一Your backpack is very nice!你的书包很漂亮!一Thank you!谢谢!一Is that your bike?那是你的自行车吗?一Yes.Thank you.是的,谢谢。5.一H ow do you spell it?你怎么拼读它?W-A-T-C-H.(PIO)W-A-T-C-H这是特殊疑问词how引导的特殊疑问句,用来询问做某事的方式、手段,意为“怎样”,“如何”。如:一H ow do you go to school?你怎样上学的?一I go to school by bike
10、.我骑自行车上学。本句问的是单词的拼写,即由哪几个字母组成的。回答时每个字母都有大写,中间用连字符连接。如:一H ow do you spell“eraser?你怎么拼写“eraser”?E-R-A-S-E-R.E_R_A_S_E_R.。how也可用于询问某人某事的情况、状况,意为“怎样的状况、情 形”。如:H ow is your little sister?你小妹妹身体好吗?H ow are things in your school?你们学校情况怎么样?6.Please call 685-6034.(Pl 1)请拨打 685-60341)please意为“请”,用在祈使句中既可在前,也可
11、在后。如放 在后面,please前通常须加逗号。如:Please sit down.请坐下。Come in,please.请进来。2)call用作动词,意为“给(某人)打电话”,“拨打号码”。如:Please call Sonia.请给索妮亚打电话。Please call 668-6209.请拨打 668-6209。表示“拨打号码找某人”,应该说“call somebody at+电话号码”。如:Call Alan at 495-3539.(P11)请拨打 495-3539 找艾伦。练习:用适当的词补全下列对话。A:H ello,I am Tony Brown.2 _,what s your
12、name?B:My name s 3.A:What s your family name,Gina?B:4 Green.A:_5 do you spell 6_?B:J_.A:N ice to meet you,Gina Green.B:N ice to meet you,Tony Brown.A:8 this your 9?B:N o,it isn,t.It s Mary s watch.A:Please 10 Mary 11 358-2688.B:O K.Key:1.Excuse 2.me 3.Gina 4.It s 5.H ow 6.it 7.G-R-E-E-N 8.Is 9.watch
13、10.call 11.atUnit 31.This is his sister.(P13)这是他的姐妹。That is Anna and that?s Paul.(P15)那是安那,那是保罗。1)当我们把一个人介绍给另一个人时,常用句型This is意为“这是如果介绍距离我们较远的人时,则用That is或 That s意为那是”,一般不用H e is 或she is。一般来说,从交际习惯上来看,先把年轻人介绍给长者;在宾主之间,先介绍宾客;男女之间,先把男士介绍给女士。如:H i,Lisa.This is my classmate,Linda.喂,丽沙。这是我的同学,琳达。一Mom,this
14、 is my friend,Tom.妈妈,这是我的朋友,汤姆。一Tom,this is my mother.汤姆,这是我母亲。2)that?s是that is的缩写形式,但须注意,this is是不能 缩写的。试译:这是我的老师。误:This s my teacher.正:This is my teacher.3)句中and是并列连词,意为“和它可以连接词与词、短语与 短语、句子与句子,用来表示并列关系,有时在句子中可以不翻译。如:Those are three pencils and a red pen.那些是三支铅笔和一支红色的钢 笔。I can read and write.我能看书、写
15、字。2.These are my friends.(Pl4)这些是我的朋友们。Those are my brothers.(P14)那些是我的兄弟们。当介绍的是两个或两个以上的人时,可用“These are(这些 是)或“Those are(那些是)。these和those做主语 时,后面的动词be要用are,动词后面的名词也要用复数形式,以保 持数的一致。如:、_、These are my classmates and those are my teachers.这些是我的同学,那些是我的老师。these或those也可用来修饰名词时,名词要用复数形式。These books are new
16、.这些书是新的。Those newspapers are old.那些报纸是旧的。注意:回答主语是these或those的一般疑问句时,通常用they 来代替问句中的these或those做主语,以避免重复。肯定回答用Yes,they are.(不能缩写成they re);否定回答用N o,they aren t.如:一Are those your friends?那些是你的朋友吗?一Yes,they are.是的,是我的朋友。4.H ere is my family photo!(P17)这是我家的相片!这是由here引起的倒装句型,其正常语序为My family photo is here
17、.在“H ere+is(are)+主语(名词或名词短语)“句型中,here 是副词,置于句首起强调作用,应重读。动词is(are)须位于主语之前,主语如是单数,用动词is,主语是复数用动词are。如:H ere is a pencil.这儿有支铅笔。一H ere are some apples for you.这儿有些苹果给你。一Thank you.谢谢。5.Thanks for the photo of your family.(P17)谢谢你的家庭相片。thank you.与 thanks 比较:两者都表示“谢谢”。thank you中的thank用作及物动词,通常 用于 thank so
18、mebody thank somebody for(doing)something 结构中。thank用作名词时,只能用复数形式thanks,可以说Thanks a lot.Many thanks.不可以说a thanko表示“因.感谢”,也可以说“thanksfor(doing)something o 如:Thank you for coming to see me.谢谢你来看我。Thanks for your good advice.谢谢你的忠告。试译:谢谢你的帮助。误:Thank your help.正:Thank you for your help.正:Thanks for your
19、help.谢谢你为我照看房子。误:Thank you to look after my house.正:Thank you for looking after my house.正:Thanks for looking after my house.练习:在下列句子中填入适当的词使其意思完整,通顺。1.Those are my sisters.And my brother.2.for the photo your family.3.H ere some flowers for you,Mary.you.4.D ad,is Tom.Tom,is my father.5.These my pare
20、nts and are teachers.Key:1)that,s 2)Thanks;of 3)are;Thank 4)this;this 5)are;theyUnit 4:Where?s my backpack?1.一Where?s my baseball?我的棒球在哪儿?一It?s in the backpack.(Pl9)在书包里。1)询问某人或某物在哪个地方,可用句型“Where+be+主语(人 或物)?where是疑问副词,意为“在哪里”,be要随着后面主语人 称单复数进行变化,单数用is,复数用are。where?s是where is 的缩写形式,回答时不能用yes或no,而是问什
21、么就答什么。如果主 语是人,回答时用人称代词主格做主语;如果主语是物,回答时单数为“It s+表示地点的词”,复数用“They are+表示地点的词”。如:一Where?s my baseball?我的网球在哪儿?一It?s under the desk.在桌子底下。一Where are my English books?我的英语书在哪儿?一They are on the chair.在椅子上。2)in是介词,用来表示地点,意为“在里面”。如:一Where s Tom?汤姆在哪儿?一H e is in the room.他在房间里。2.Where is my computer game?我的电
22、子游戏机在哪儿?一It s under the bed.(P20)在床底下。1)computer game在此句中意为“电子游戏机”,另外,computer game也有“电子游戏”,“电脑游戏”等意思,其复数形式为computer gameso注意:由两个名词组成的短语,一般情况下复数形式是把第二 个名词变成复数,第一个名词不变。如:These are banana trees.这 些是香蕉树。2)under是介词,意为“在下面”,表示方位,常指一个物体 在另一个物体的垂直下方,二者之间往往没有接触。如:H er shoes are under the desk.她的鞋在桌子底下。Let s
23、 sit under the tree.咱们坐在树底下。3.Where are my books?我的书在哪儿?一I don t know.Are they on the bed?(P21)我不知道。在床上吗?1)当别人向你询问的事情你不知道时,可用I don,t know.作答,使用时,习惯在前面加上Sorry./F m sorry.这样语气上显得更客 气些。如:一Where is my pencil?我的铅笔在哪儿?一Sorry,I don t know.对不起,我不知道。2)on是介词,意为“在(某物的)上面”,两个物体表示接触。如:The hat is on the dresser.(
24、P23)帽子在梳妆台上。一Where are my keys?我的钥匙在哪儿?一They are on the sofa.在沙发上。4.The ID card is on the table.(P23)这张身份证在桌子上。辨析:desk 与 table两者都可以作“桌子”解。desk指供读书、写字、办公用的桌子,一般有抽屉。如:This is a teacher?s desk.这是一张老师的讲桌。The four-drawer desk in mine.那张四个抽屉的桌子是我的。table指供吃饭、喝茶、游戏或其它用途的桌子,通常没有抽屉。如:Is the cat under the tabl
25、e?那只猫在饭桌底下吗?The children are sitting at a table.孩子们坐在桌子旁。4.Please take these things to your sister:her hat,watch,notebook,keys and ID card.(P23)请把这些东西带给你的妹妹:她的帽子、手表、笔记 本、钥匙和ID卡。辨析:take 与 bring两者都可以解作“带”,“拿二take意为“带(拿)走”,take指 将某物(人)从说话者所在地带(拿)走。表示“把带(拿)到”应该说taketo。介词to后可接表示地点位置的名词或代词,如果 表示地点的词是方位副词,
26、则介词to要省略。to后也可接表示人的词。如:Please take these English books to my classmate.请才巴这些英语书带至!J 我同学那里。I want to take the desk there.我想把这张桌子拿到那边。bring意为“带(拿)来”,指将某物(人)从别处带(拿)到说话者所在的 地方来。如:Please bring your brother here.请把你的弟弟带到这儿来。Can you bring my hat to me?你能把我的帽子带到我这儿吗?5.Can you bring some things to school?(P2
27、3)你能带这些东西到学校 去吗?1)can是情态动词,不能单独用作谓语,必须与原形动词连用,一起构成谓语,没有人称和数的变化。can可用来表示一种能力,意为“能”;“会”。它的否定形式can not可缩写成can?t,它的疑问形式则将can放在主语之前。如:H e can play basketball.他会打篮球。一Can you speak English?你会说英语吗?一N o,I can,t.不,我不会。can还可以解作“可以”,表示许可或请求,用来提议为某人做某 事或请求别人做某事,如:Can I use your pencil?我可以用你的铅笔吗?Can you come here
28、 early this afternoon?今天下午你可以早点到这儿吗?2)some意为“一些”,均可修饰可数名词或不可数名词,常用在 肯定句中。如:H e has some baseballs.他有几个棒球。I want some bread.我想要一点面包。some也可用在表示请求的疑问句中。如:Can I have some rice?我可以吃米饭吗?6.I need my hat,my notebook and a pen.(P23)我需要帽子,笔记本和 一支钢笔。need意为“需要”,是实义动词,后跟名词或代词作宾语。如:H e needs some help.他需要一些帮助。I n
29、eed a dictionary.我需要一本字典。need后面还可以跟to do something,表示“需要做某事。如:She needs to buy a new bike.她需要买一辆新的自行车。We need to help each other.我们需要互相帮助。D o they need to stay this evening?今晚他们需要住下来吗?练习:根据首字母,用适当的词补全下列对话。Mom:H ello!Bob:H i!Mom,I n something for class this afternoon.Can you b them to school for me,p
30、lease?Mom:Sure.Bob:I need my d.Mom:D ictionary?W your dictionary?Bob:O h,it s i the drawer.And I need my watch.It s u the bed.And my video tapes.Mom:Where are your video tapes?Bob:Uh,I don t k.O hyeah,t on the bookcase.I need to them back to the store after school.Mom:O K.I will m you at twelve o cl
31、ock.Key:need;bring;dictionary;Where?s;in;under;know;they re;take;meetUnit 5:D o you have a soccer ball?1.一D o you have a ping-pong ball?你有乒乓球吗?Yes,I do.(P25)是的,我有。动词have意为“有。表示拥有关系,有人称和数的变化,当主语是I,we,you,they或名词复数时,就与have搭配。如:My parents have a computer.我父母有一台电脑。I have an English book.我有一本英语书。当主语是第三人称
32、单数he,she,it或名词单数时则就与has搭 配。如:She has a brother.她有一个弟弟。Tom has a new bike.汤姆有一部新自行车。have的否定式是don t have;has的否定式是doesn t haveo 如:We don t have a house.我们没有房子。She doesn,t have a car.他没有小汽车。have的疑问式是D o you have?has的疑问式是D oes he have,?回答时要用do或does的形式。如:一D o you have a volleyball?你有排球吗?一Yes,I do.是的,我有。一D
33、 oes she have a dresser?她有梳妆台吗?一N o,she doesn,t.不,她没有。2.Let s play soccer.我们踢足球吧。一I don t have a soccer ball.我没有足球。一Well,let s play volleyball.那么,我们打排球吧。一That sounds good.(P27)那听起来还不错。1)let意为“让”,“允许”,表示“让(允许)某人做某事”应 该说 let somebody do something,不能说 let somebody to do somethingo 如:Let me help you.让我帮
34、助你。H is mother doesn t let him go out at night.他母亲不让他晚上出去。let,s是表示建议或请求的祈使句句型,let,s是let us的缩 写形式,。如:Let s go to school.咱们上学吧。Let s play basketball after school.咱们放学后打篮球吧。let,s与let us在用法上略有区别:在表示向对方提出建议,涉 及双方的共同行为时,let us可以缩写成let,s;而表示请求对方允 许做某事,不涉及对方行为时,let us不能缩写成let s.如:Let s(=Let us)play sports.咱
35、们做运动吧。Let us know your telephone number.请把你的电话号码告诉我们。(Let us 不能缩写成Let s)2)动词play意为“打(踢)球”,后面跟表示球类的名词(basketball,volleyball,football,ping-pong,tennis,soccer 等)。注意:球类名词前不用冠词。如:Can you play football?你会踢足球吗?We play volleyball on Sundays.我们星期天打排球。3)句中的well是语气助词,用来引出一句话,继续讲述或填补间 歇,意为“喔”,“噢,那么如:Well,let s
36、go to the park.那么,我们去公园吧。Well,what s your name?好吧,你叫什么名字?4)sound意为“听起来”,是系动词,常跟形容词作表语。如:This piece of music sounds beautiful.这段音乐听起来很美妙。That sounds interesting.(P28)那听起来很有趣。3.We have many sports clubs:basketabll,ping-pong,soccer,and more!(P27)我们有许多运动俱乐部:篮球、乒乓球、足球或者更多。D many意为“许多的”,“大量的”,用作形容词,修饰可数名词
37、复 数形式。如:I have many good friends.我有许多好朋友。D o you have many dictionaries?你有许多字典吗?2)sport意为“运动”,“游戏”,复数形式为sports,该词常用于 合成词中或在名词前做定语。如:H e is a sportsman.他是一个运动员。一Where are my sports shoes?我的运动鞋在哪儿?一They are under the bed.在床底下。4.But he doesn t play sports-he only watches them on TV.(P29)但 是他不做动运一一他只是在电
38、视里看体育节目。1)but是并列连词,意为“但是”,“然而”,表示转折关系。如:H e can play basketball,but he can t play ping-pong.他会打篮球,但他不会打乒乓球。It is sunny but cold today,天气晴朗,可是很冷。2)play sports=have sports,意为“参加体育运动,sports 常用复数形式。如:The chi Iren often play sports after school.孩子们经常放学后参加体 育运动。She plays sports every day.(P29)她每天做运动。3)onl
39、y意为“只”,“仅仅”,用作副词,在句中的位置很灵活,原则上放在它所要强调的词、短语、句子前面。如:I have only two pens.我只有两支钢笔。O nly he can speak French.只有他会说法语。4)watch意为“观看”“注视”,常用在watch TV(看电视),watch game(看比赛)等场合。如:We often watch football game.我们经常看足球比赛。D oes he watch TV in the evening?晚上他看电视吗?5)on TV意为“在电视里”,介词on指通过某种形式。注意:TV 前不能加定冠词the。如:We w
40、atch N BA on TV every day.我们每天都看N BA。5.D o you have some more paper?(P30)你还有更多的纸吗?1)some more意为“更多的,程度比more更强。如:D o you have some more tea?你还要喝点茶吗?Give him some more bread.再给汤姆一些面包。2)paper意为“纸”,是不可数名词,“一张纸”应该说a piece of paper,“一些纸”应该说 some papero试译:请给我几张纸。误:Give me some papers.正:Give me some paper.练
41、习:根据首字母,用适当的词补全下列对话。A:H ello!Peter!Come in and h a cup of tea.B:T you.A:D o you play football?B:N o,it s b.I only w it on TV.A:D o you play ping-pong?B:Yes.I do.B I don,t have a ping-pong ball.A:D oes your brother have one?B:Yes,he does.H e plays ping-pong e day.A:O K.L go and find him.B:That s good
42、.Key:have;Thank;boring;watch;But;every;Let s;soundsUnit 6:D o you like bananas?1.D o you like oranges?你喜欢桔子吗?Yes,I do.(P31)是的,我喜欢。like意为“喜欢”,“喜爱”,用作及物动词,后面可跟三种结构:1)like somebody or something表示“喜欢某人或某事”。如:I like him very much.我非常喜欢他。H e doesn t like salad.他不喜欢沙拉。2)like to do something or doing someth
43、ing 表示“喜欢做某 事”。如:We like playing basketball.我们喜欢打篮球。The boy likes to play computer games.那男孩喜欢玩电脑游戏。表示爱好或经常性的情况时,多用like doing something,表示 一次性或尚未发生的动作或对某次具体活动爱好时,用like to do somethingo 如:H e likes playing football,but he doesn t like to play football today.他喜欢踢足球,但他不喜欢今天下午踢足球。_3)like somebody to do
44、something表示“喜欢某人去做某事 如:Miss Wang likes us to ask her questions in class.王老师喜欢我们在 课堂上问她问题。2.Let,s have French fries.我们吃炸薯条吧。O h,no.I don t like.(P32)哦,不,我不喜欢。动词have意为“吃”,“喝”,是实义动词。如:We have breakfast at seven.我们七点钟吃早饭。I don t have coffee in the evening.晚上我不喝咖啡。注意:have作此义解时,变成疑问句和否定句时必须用助动词doo 试译:你每天在
45、家吃中饭吗?误:H ave you lunch at home every day?正:D o you have lunch at home every day?3.R unner eats well!(P35)赛跑选手吃得好!1)辨析:eat 或 have:eat与have都可以表示“吃”的意思,有时两者可互换。如:I eat(have)an apple every day.我每天吃一个苹果。They are having(eating)their lunch.他们在吃中饭。eat可用作不及物动词,后面不跟宾语。如:We eat at noon.我们在中午吃饭。I am very stron
46、g and healthy because I eat well every day.我很结实、健康,因为我每天都吃得好。注意:“吃药”习惯说 have(take)medicine,不说 eat medicine。试译:一天吃三次药。误:Eat medicine three times a day.正:Take(H ave)medince three times a day.2)well 或 good:两者都可以表示“好”的意思。well是副词,用于修饰动词。如:Tom speaks English well.汤姆的英语说得好。H e draws well.他画得好。well也可用作形容词,意
47、为“健康的”,“身体好”。如:H e is quite well.他身体好。I hope you are well.希望你身体好。good是形容词,用作定语或表语。如:She is a good doctor.她是个好医生。H is pronunciation is very good.他的语音很好。4.R unning star Sandra eats lots of healthy food.(P35)赛跑明星桑 德拉克拉克吃许多健康食品。1)lots of二a lot of意为“许多”,“大量”,常用在肯定句中,既可修饰可数名词的复数形式,又可以修饰不可数名词。修饰可数名词 复数时,相当
48、于many,修饰不可数名词时,相当于much。如:I have lots of English books.我有许多英语书。H e has lots of rice every day,他每天吃许多米饭。2)healthy food意为“健康食品”。food泛指“食物”,“食品”,通常用做不可数名词。如:H e likes English food?他喜欢英国食品。We should eat healthy food every day.我们每天应该吃健康食品。指“一种食物”或“各种各样的食物”时可以是可数名词。如:Milk is a good food.牛奶是一种好食品。Too many s
49、weet foods,like cakes and pastry,may make you fat.太多 的甜食,像蛋糕和点心,可能会使你发胖。5.For breakfast,Tom likes eggs,oranges and bananas.(P35)早餐汤 姆喜欢吃鸡蛋、桔子和香蕉。like(have)+食品+for+某餐”是固定句型,表示“某餐喜欢(吃).”,止匕句可改为:Tom likes eggs,oranges and bananas forbreakfast.介词for意为“就 而言”,“对于如:一What do you like for lunch?午餐你喜欢什么?一I li
50、ke hamburgers and salad for lunch.午餐我喜欢汉堡包和沙拉。H er little son usually has meat and rice for supper.晚餐她的小儿子 通常吃肉和米饭。练习:根据首字母,用适当的词补全下列对话。A:H ello,Tom!D o you like apples?B:Yes,I d.H ow about you?A:I like apples.And my father a likes apples.D oes your fatherlike apples?B:N o,he doesn t.H e likes orang