医学细胞生物学英译汉总结剖析.doc

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第一章绪论 cell cell biology cell theory central dogma cytomics cytoplasm electron microscope，EM epigenetics gene 细胞细胞生物学细胞学说中心法则细胞组学细胞质电子显微镜表观遗传基因 genomics human genome project,HGP medical cell biology model animal noncoding RNA proteomics stem cell biology translational medicine 基因组学人类基因组计划医学细胞生物学模式动物非编码RNA 蛋白质组学干细胞生物学转化医学第二章细胞的概念和分子基础 anticodon archaea archaebacteria bacteria cell membrane chlamydia codon cytoplasm cytosol deoxyribonucleic acid,DNA enzyme eukarya eukaryotic cell glycolipids glycoproteins message RNA， mRNA microRNA, miRNA mycoplasma 反密码子古菌域古细菌细菌细胞膜衣原体密码子细胞质细胞质溶胶脱氧核糖核酸酶真核域真核细胞糖脂糖蛋白信使核糖核酸微小RNA 支原体 nucleoid nucleus peptide plasmid prion prokaryotic cell protoplasm ribonucleic acid，RNA ribosome ribosome RNA， rRNA ribozyme RNA silencing small nuclear RNA, snRNA structural domains transfer RNA, tRNA viroid virus 拟核细胞核肽质粒朊病毒原核细胞原生质核糖核酸核糖体核糖体RNA 核酶 RNA沉默小核RNA 结构域转运RNA 类病毒病毒第三章细胞生物学研究方法 Abbe limit agarose atomic force microscope,AFM autoradiography biochip cell culture cell free system cell line cell strain ChIP Abbe限度琼脂糖原子力显微镜放射性自显影技术生物芯片细胞培养非细胞体系细胞系细胞株染色质免疫沉淀技术 CLIP column chromatography cytochemistry technique differential centrifugation diffraction pattern DNA denaturation dNTP electrospray ionization mass spectrometry,ESI-MS embedding 紫外交联免疫沉淀技术柱层析细胞化学技术差速离心 X-射线衍射图 DNA变性 4种脱氧核苷酸电喷雾电离质谱包埋 emission light emzyme cytochemistry equilibrium sedimentation excitation light fixation flow cytometer fluorescence microscope fluorescence resonance emergy transfer,FRET freeze-etch freeze-fracture gene chip green fluorescent protein,GFP high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC immunocytochemistry,ICC immunomagnetic microsphere immuno-precipitation,IP in situ hybridization,ISH isoelectric focusing laser capture microdissection,LCM matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time-of-flight， MALDI-TOF-MS metal shadowing Northern blot nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy,NMR over-expression phage display 发射光酶细胞化学技术平衡沉降激发光固定流式细胞仪荧光显微镜荧光共振能量转移冰冻蚀刻冰冻断裂基因芯片绿色荧光蛋白高效液相层析免疫细胞化学技术免疫磁珠免疫沉淀原位杂交技术等点聚焦激光俘获显微切割电泳基质辅助激光解吸/电离飞行时间质谱金属投影法 Northern印迹杂交核磁共振光谱过表达噬菌体展示 polymerase chain reaction,PCR primary culture probe protein chip proteome proteomics quantitative PCR，qPCR radioisotope renaturation resolution restriction nuclease scanning electron microscope,SEM scanning tunneling microscope,STM SDS polyacrylamid gel electrophoresis secondary culture section single molecular fluorescence imaging southern blot staining tandem mass spectrometry,MS/MS transfection transmission electron microscope,TEM velocity sedimentation yeast two-hybridzation phase contrast microscope 聚合酶链式反应原代培养探针蛋白质芯片蛋白质组蛋白质组学荧光实时定量PCR反应放射性同位素复性分辨率限制性内切酶扫描电子显微镜扫描隧道显微镜 SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳传代培养切片单分子荧光成像 Southern印迹杂交染色串联质谱转染透射电子显微镜速度沉降酵母双杂交相差显微镜第四章细胞膜与物质的穿膜运输 active transport adaptin antiport aquaporin，AQP bilayer biomembrane carrier protein cell coat cell membrane 主动运输衔接蛋白反向运输双分子层水孔蛋白生物膜载体蛋白细胞外被细胞膜 channel protein cholesterol clathrin coated pits coated vesicle constitutive secretion endocytosis exocytosis extrinsic protein 通道蛋白网格蛋白胆固醇有被小窝有被小泡连续性分泌胞吞作用胞吐作用膜外在蛋白 facilitated diffusion fluid mosaic model glycolipid intrinsic protein ligand-gated channel lipid rafts lipid anchored protein lipid-linked protein lamella structure model membrane lipid membrane protein membrane transport protein micelle passive diffusion passive transport 易化扩散流动镶嵌模型糖脂膜内在蛋白配体门控通道脂筏脂锚定蛋白脂连接蛋白片层结构模型膜脂膜蛋白膜运输蛋白球状分子团被动扩散被动运输 peripheral protein phagocytosis phospholipid pinocytosis plasma membrane regulated secretion simple diffusion stress-activated channel symport transmembrane protein unit membrane unit membrane model vesicular transport voltage-gated channel 外周蛋白吞噬作用磷脂胞饮作用质膜受调分泌简单扩散应力激活通道同向运输穿膜蛋白单位膜单位膜模型小泡运输电压门控通道第五章内膜系统 annulate lamellae autophagic lysosome calreticulin cis Golgi network cisternae clathrin-coated vesicle continuous secretion cotranslation insertion discontinuous secretion endoplasmic reticulum gated transport glucose regulated protein94,GRP94 glycosylation Golgi complex heavy-chain binding protein,BiP heterophagic lysosome internal signal peptide internal start-transfer peptide lysosome medial Golgi stack molecular chaperone myeloid body N-linked glycosylation phagolysosome 孔环状片层自噬溶酶体钙网素顺面高尔基网扁平囊泡网格蛋白有被囊泡连续分泌共翻译插入非连续分泌内质网门孔运输葡萄糖调节蛋白94 糖基化高尔基复合体重链结合蛋白异噬溶酶体内信号肽内开始转移肽溶酶体高尔基中间膜囊分子伴侣髓样体 N-连接糖基化异噬溶酶体 phospholipid exchange proteins,PEP primary lysosome protein disulfide isomerase,PDI retention protein reticulo-plasmin rough endoplasmic reticulum，RER sarcoplasmic reticulum secondary lysosome signal hypothesis signal patch signal peptide signal recognition particle,SRP SRP-receptor,SRP-R smooth endoplasmic reticulum，SER target-SNAREs,t-SNAREs tertiary lysosome trans Golgi network translocon transmembrane transport unfolded protein response, UPR 磷脂交换蛋白初级溶酶体蛋白二硫键异构酶驻留蛋白网质蛋白糙面内质网肌质网次级溶酶体信号肽假说信号斑信号肽信号识别颗粒信号识别颗粒受体光面内质网靶SNAREs 三级溶酶体反面高尔基网转运体穿膜运输未折叠蛋白反应 vacuoles vesicle vesicles 大囊泡囊泡小囊泡 vesicle-SNAREs,v- SNAREs vesicular transport 囊泡SNAREs 囊泡转运第六章线粒体与细胞的能量转换 ATP synthase complex biological oxidation cellular oxidation cellular respiration chemiosmotic coupling hypothesis cristae elementary particle glycolysis inner membrane intercristae space intermembrane space intracristae space matrix matrix space matrix-targeting sequence，MTS ATP合酶复合体生物氧化细胞氧化细胞呼吸化学渗透假说嵴基粒糖酵解内膜嵴间腔膜间腔嵴内空间基质基质腔基质导入序列 mitochondrial disorders mitochondrial phase outer membrane oxidative phosphorylation postmitochondrial phase premitochondrial phase reactive oxygen species, ROS substrate-level phosphorylation translocation contact site translocon of the inner membrane，Tim translocon of the outer membrane，Tom tricarboxylic acid cycle，TCA cycle 线粒体疾病线粒体期外膜氧化磷酸化线粒体后期线粒体前期活性氧底物水平磷酸化转位接触点内膜转位子外膜转位子三羧酸循环第七章细胞骨架与细胞的运动 actin cell cortex cochicine contractile ring cytochalasin B cytoskeleton dynamic instability model dynein filopodia integrin intermediate filaments, IF kinesin lamellipodia microfilaments , MF microfilament associated protein,MAP 肌动蛋白细胞皮层秋水仙素收缩环细胞松弛素B 细胞骨架非稳态动力学模型动力蛋白丝状伪足整合蛋白中间纤维驱动蛋白片状伪足微丝微丝结合蛋白 microtubule organizing center, MTOC microtubules, MT microtubule-associaded protein ，MAP myosin nucleation phase phalloidin polymerization phase sliding filament model steady state phase taxol treadmilling model tubulin vinblastine 微管组织中心微管微管结合蛋白肌球蛋白成核期鬼笔环肽聚合期滑动丝模型稳定期紫杉醇踏车模型管蛋白长春新碱第八章细胞核 acrocentric chromosome annular subunit band central domain central plug centromere chromatid chromatin chromosome column subunit constitutive heterochromatin cytoplasmic ring dense fibrillar component，DFC euchromatin exportin facultative heterochromatin fibrillar center，FC fish-trap genome granular component，GC heterochromatin nucleosome nucleus outer nuclear membrane pairing domain perinuclear space primary constriction replication origin satellite scaffold radial loop structure model 近端着丝粒染色体环状亚单位带型中央结构域中央栓着丝粒染色单体染色质染色体柱状亚单位组成性异染色质胞质环致密纤维组分常染色质输出蛋白兼性异染色质纤维中心捕鱼笼基因组颗粒中心异染色质核小体细胞核外核膜配对结构域核周间隙主溢痕复制源随体染色体骨架-放射环模型 histone karyophilic protein secondary constriction solenoid karyotype kinetochore kinetochore domain luminal subunit metacentric chromosome miniband multiple coiling model nuclear localization signal, NLS nuclear matrix nuclear matrix associated protein nuclear matrix protein nuclear pore nuclear pore complex，NPC nuclear ring nucleolar cycle nucleolar matrix nucleolar organizer nucleolar organizing region nucleolus nucleosomal histone spoke submetacentric chromosome supersolenoid telocentric chromosome telomere 组蛋白亲核蛋白次溢痕螺线管核型动粒动粒结构域腔内亚单位中着丝粒染色体微带多级螺旋化模型核内定位信号核基质核基质结合蛋白核基质蛋白核孔核孔复合体核质环核仁周期核仁基质核仁组织者核仁组织区核仁核小体组蛋白辐亚中着丝粒染色体超螺线管端着丝粒染色体端粒第九章基因信息的传递与蛋白质合成 activating domain adaptive expression alternative splicing aminoacyl site aminoacyl-tRNA antibiotics anticodon antisense strand 转录激活域适应性表达可变剪接 A位点氨酰-tRNA 抗生素反密码子反义链 CAAT box central dogma chaperonins chromatin remolding cis-acting element coding region coding strand codon CAAT盒中心法则伴侣素染色质重塑顺式作用元件编码区编码链密码子 commaless constitutive expression constitutive splicing degeneracy direction DNA binding domain enhancer exon GC box gene gene cluster gene family general transcription factor genetic code genome helix-loop-helix，HLH helix-turn-helix，HTH heterogeneous nuclear RNA，hnRNA highly repetitive sequence inducible gene intron leucine zipper middle repetitive sequence negative regulation non-coding region translocation transpeptidase ubiquitin-proteasome unique sequence universal wobble zinc finger 连续性组成性表达常规剪接简并性方向性 DNA结合域增强子外显子 GC盒基因基因簇基因家族通用转录因子遗传密码基因组螺旋-环-螺旋螺旋-转角-螺旋不均一核RNA 高度重复序列可诱导基因内含子亮氨酸拉链中等重复序列负性调控非编码区转位转肽酶泛素- 蛋白酶体单一序列通用性摆动性锌指 operon peptide formation peptidyl-tRNA site polyribosome positive regulation pribnow box Promoter Register regulatory gene repetitive sequence repressible gene repressor remodeler ribosome circulation sense strand Shine-Dalgarno sequence silencer small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle，snRNP spatial specificity spliceosome split gene structural gene sumoylation TATA box template strand temporal specificity terminator trans-acting factor transcription transcription factor translation 操纵子成肽 P位点多聚核糖体正性调控 Pribnow盒启动子进位调控基因重复序列可阻遏基因阻遏蛋白染色质重建子核糖体循环有意义链 SD序列沉默子核糖核蛋白颗粒空间特异性剪接体断裂基因结构基因 sumo化 TATA盒模板链时间特异性终止子反式作用因子转录转录因子翻译第十章细胞连接与细胞黏附 adhering junction adhesion belt anchoring junction cadherin cell adhesion cell adhesion molecule，CAM cell junction chemical synapse 黏着连接黏着带锚定连接钙黏着蛋白细胞黏附细胞黏附分子细胞连接化学突触 claudin communicating junction connexon desmosome desmosome junction electric coupling electronic synapse filamin 密封蛋白连接连接子桥粒桥粒连接电耦联电突触细丝蛋白 focal adhesion gap junction hemidesmosome heterophilic binding homophilic binding immunoglobin-superfamily, Ig-SF inside out integrin intracellular anchor protein linker-dependent binding metabolic coupling epithelial-mesenchymal 黏着斑间隙连接半桥粒异亲型结合同亲型结合免疫球蛋白超家族由内向外整联蛋白细胞内锚定蛋白连接分子依赖性结合代谢耦联上皮-间质转型通讯 neural cell adhesion molecule，N-CAM occludin occluding junction outside in plectin selectin synapse talin transmembrane adhesion protein 神经细胞黏附分子闭合蛋白封闭连接由外向内网蛋白选择素突触踝蛋白穿膜黏连蛋白 transition,EMT 第十一章细胞外基质及其与细胞的相互作用 anchorage dependent growth anoikis basal lamina，basement membrane，BM chondroitin sulfate，CS collagen collagen disease collagenase core protein dermatan sulfate，DS elastase elastin extracellular matrix, ECM fibronectin, FN glycosaminoglycan, GAG 锚定依赖性生长失巢凋亡基膜硫酸软骨素胶原胶原病胶原酶核心蛋白硫酸皮肤素弹性蛋白酶弹性蛋白细胞外基质纤连蛋白糖胺聚糖 glycosyltransferases heparan sulfate，HS heparin hyaluronic acid，HA keratan sulfate，KS laminin，LN matrix metalloproteinases，MMP nidogen，entactin perlecan proteoglycan，PG syndecan triple helix tropoelastin 糖基转移酶硫酸乙酰肝素肝素透明质酸硫酸角质素层粘连蛋白基质金属蛋白酶巢蛋白渗滤素蛋白聚糖连接素三股螺旋可溶性弹性蛋白原第十二章细胞的信号转导 adenylate cyclase, AC calmodulin，CaM cAMP-dependent protein kinase A，PKA cascade cGMP depedent protein kinase G，PKG cyclic AMP，cAMP cyclic GMP，cGMP diacylglycerol，DAG effector protein 腺苷酸环化酶钙调蛋白 cAMP依赖蛋白激酶A 级联反应 cGMP依赖蛋白激酶G 环磷酸腺苷环磷酸鸟苷二酰基甘油效应蛋白 first messenger G protein G protein linked receptor guanylate cyclase，GC inositol trisphosphate，IP3 insulin ion channel receptor ligand protein tyrosine kinase，PTK receptor second messenger 第一信使 G蛋白 G蛋白偶联受体鸟苷酸环化酶三磷酸肌醇胰岛素离子通道受体配体酪氨酸蛋白激酶受体第二信使 serine/threonine kinases，STK signal transduction 丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶信号转导 signaling network tyrosine-specific protein kinase receptor，TPKR 信号网络酪氨酸蛋白激酶型受体第十三章细胞分裂与细胞周期 amitosis anaphase anti oncogene aster bivalent Cdk inhibitor，CKI cell cycle cell division cellular oncogene，C-onc centrosome chalone checkpoint chiasma chiasma terminalization contractile ring cyclin cyclin-dependent kinase，CDK cytostatic factor,CSF direct division growth factor 无丝分裂后期抑癌基因星体二价体 Cdk激酶抑制物细胞周期细胞分裂细胞癌基因中心体抑素检测点交叉交叉端化收缩环细胞周期蛋白细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶细胞静止因子直接分裂生长因子 indirect division interphase kinetochore microtubule maturation promoting factor，MPF meiosis metaphase mitosis mitosis,M mitotic apparatus polar microtubule prophase proto-oncogene recombination nodule spindle synapsis synaptonemal complex，SC telophase tetrad V-oncogene，V-onc 间接分裂分裂间期动粒微管成熟促进因子减数分裂中期有丝分裂分裂期有丝分裂器极微管前期原癌基因重组小结纺锤体联会联会复合体末期四分体癌基因第十五章细胞分化 apical ectodermal cap cell determination cell differentiation cellular reprogramming cleavage combinatory control compensatory regeneration dedifferentiation differential expression ectoderm embryonic induction endoderm 顶端外胚层帽细胞决定细胞分化细胞重编程卵裂组合调控补偿性再生去分化差异表达外胚层胚胎诱导内胚层 epimorphosis regeneration gastrulation genomic imprinting grafting experiment histone code homeobox homeobox gene homeodomain homeodomain protein homeosis homeotic gene housekeeping gene 微变态再生原肠形成基因组印记胚胎移植实验组蛋白密码同源异形框同源异形框基因同源异形结构域同源异形域蛋白同源异形转变同源异形基因管家基因 induced pluripotent stem cells juxtacrine interaction lateral inhibition locus control region,LCR long non-coding RNA，lncRNA luxury gene luxury protein master control gene maternal effect gene,MEG mesoderm metamorphosis microRNA, miRNA morphallaxis regeneration non-coding RNA 诱导多能干细胞,iPS细胞近分泌相互作用侧向抑制基因座控制区长链非编码RNA 奢侈基因奢侈蛋白细胞分化主导基因

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