论日常交际中委婉语的翻译英语论学士学位论文.doc

本科生毕业论文（设计）册

学院 XXX学院
专业 机器翻译
班级 XXX机译班
学生 XXX
指导教师 XXX

XXXX大学本科毕业论文（设计）任务书
编 号：
论文（设计）题目： 论日常交际中委婉语的翻译
学院： XXX学院 专业： 机器翻译 班级： XXX机器翻译班
学生姓名：XXX 学号： XXX 指导教师： XX 职称：副教授

1、 论文（设计）研究目标及主要任务
本论文的研究目标是探讨委婉语翻译的重要作用及其在日常生活中的应用。其主要任务是通过研究委婉语的翻译，为以后的实践活动提供理论依据。

2、论文（设计）的主要内容
本论文分为三章，第一章介绍委婉语的定义，发展史，应用规则及其作用，第二章介绍委婉语翻译过程中可能出现的问题，最后一章讨论了解决这些问题的方法。

3、论文（设计）的基础条件及研究路线
本论文的基础条件是许多翻译家对委婉语及其翻译的研究结果。
研究路线是对委婉语翻译中需要注意的事宜，可能出现的问题以及解决问题的方法进行研究，并将其应用在日常翻译实践中。

4、主要参考文献
Judiths Neaman Carde, G. Silver: The Wordsworth Book of Euphemism.
Rawson H.A. Dictionary of Euphemism and Other Double-talk [M]. London: Crown Publishers, 1981.
刘泽海. 英汉委婉语语用功能比较研究［J］. 邵阳学院学报(社会科学版)，2008 (6)：69-72。
江希和. 现代英语中的委婉语 [J ]. 现代外语, 1983 (3): 14-19。

5、计划进度

阶段
起止日期
1
确定初步论文题目
3月16日前
2
与导师见面，确定大致范围，填开题报告和任务书，导师签字
3月16日-3月23日
3
提交论文提纲
3月23日-3月30日
4
交初稿和文献综述
3月30日-4月20日
5
交终稿和评议书
5月8日前
指 导 教师： 年 月 日
教研室主任： 年 月 日
注：一式三份，学院（系）、指导教师、学生各一份
XXXX大学本科生毕业论文（设计）开题报告书
XXX 学院 机器翻译 专业 XXXX 届
学生
姓名
XXX
论文（设计）题目
论日常交际中委婉语的翻译
指导
教师
XX
专业
职称
副教授
所属教研室
翻译教研室
研究方向
文学翻译，英美文学
课题论证：本文主要从英汉两种语言对于委婉语的使用方面介绍研究委婉语的翻译问题，引言中主要介绍了该领域的现状，当前研究成果，以及发展前景。正文分三章介绍，首先介绍委婉语的定义、发展、使用规则，然后主要介绍研究委婉语在翻译过程中应注意的事宜，可能出现的问题，以及解决这些问题的办法。
方案设计：本文在引言中对全文有一个概括论述，介绍本文主要内容，然后利用三个章节分别对委婉语，委婉语的翻译中可能出现的问题，解决委婉语翻译问题的方法进行阐述，最后在结论中介绍委婉语翻译领域的现状，前景，委婉语翻译的作用等。

进度计划：3月16日前确定初步论文题目
3月23日前写开题报告、任务书
3月30日前提交论文提纲
4月20日前提交初稿和文献综述
5月8日前交终稿和评议书
指导教师意见：

指导教师签名： 年 月 日
教研室意见：

教研室主任签名： 年 月 日
XXXX大学本科生毕业论文（设计）评议书
姓 名
XXX
学院
XXX学院
专业
机器翻译
年级（班）
XXX机器翻译班
论 文 题 目
论日常生活中委婉语的翻译
完成时间
XXX/4/20
论

文

内

容

摘

要

委婉语是调节、建构人际关系的一种重要手段，是语言修辞的结晶，又是社会文化的积淀。随着社会和人类文明的发展进步，委婉语变得尤为重要。不同文化之间的差异同时决定了委婉语翻译的重要性。
本文从委婉语在英美国家和中国的使用情况这一角度出发，着重探讨了委婉语的定义，起源，随着社会生活的变化而产生的发展，委婉语的翻译理论和原则，在委婉语翻译过程中应注意的事宜，对委婉语进行翻译使可能出现的问题，以及对于出现问题的解决办法等。同时也介绍了委婉语翻译这一领域的发展现状，当前取得的主要成就，以及委婉语的发展前景。
本文的第一章节主要介绍了委婉语的定义，发展史，使用规则，以及委婉语的主要功能。第二章主要介绍了在对委婉语进行翻译的时候有可能出现的问题。这一章节主要从三个方面进行介绍，主要包括：因译员对源语言或目的语言的不熟悉而造成的对委婉语的错译或误译；翻译过程中委婉语原本韵味的丢失；因目的语言中缺少与源语言相对应的表达方式而造成表达失真。第三章节主要介绍了对于该类问题的解决办法。在文章的引言与总结中则介绍了委婉语翻译的发展前景，当前现状，以及委婉语翻译这一研究对于人们的日常交际与交流所具有的作用。
委婉语在各个领域都有广泛的应用，所以了解委婉语的使用，掌握委婉语的翻译技巧对于良好的沟通与交流有重要的作用。对于我们语言学习者，研究委婉语的翻译可以使我们在以后的工作学习中更加得心应手，并且对我们今后的外语教学、翻译和其他应用语言学科具有积极的指导作用。

指
导
教
师
评
语

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指 导 教 师

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职称
教研室
组长

成员

答辩记录：

记录人签字： 年 月 日
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XXXX大学本科生毕业论文（设计）文献综述
Literature Review
Nowadays euphemism has gained much attention by the society, and it is spread in everyday life. Euphemism makes the relationship and conversation of people much smooth and pleasing. But different culture has different ways of using euphemism, thus the translation of euphemism has become an important topic to discuss.
The thesis mainly illustrates the rules of using of euphemism, the typical problems in translating euphemism, the significance of euphemism translation, and the prospects of this aspect, especially takes examples from Chinese-English translation or English-Chinese translation.
Euphemism means using some mild and indirect words or phrases, to replace those direct or harsh ones, or those have displeasing meaning to some people, so as to make the expression more tactful, gentler, and more acceptable. Those words or phrases which are used to replace the tough ones are named as Euphemism. The usage of euphemism is a coexist phenomenon in the global languages. Generally, euphemism is not only used in conversations about vocation, politics, wars, life, diseases, aging, death, criminals, etc, but also used to replace the words which are difficult to say. Due to cultural differences, the translation of euphemism is rather complicated. Euphemism is not only a lingual phenomenon, but also a cultural phenomenon. Different euphemisms stand for different cultural ground. Thus the purpose of translation is to build a bridge between people with different languages and cultural background, for a kind of cross-linguistic and cross-cultural communication activity. As a result, the key point of euphemism translation is to faithfully convey the cultural connotation it bears to the readers or listeners.
Due to the different cultural backgrounds and other factors, the translation of euphemism is full of difficulties. Maybe there is a phrase in source language, but there's no corresponding expression in target language. Maybe the taboo of different cultures prevents the translators to work well. These are all probable difficulties. In addition, different emotions, ages, gender, degree of education, etc, also have a great impact on the translation of euphemism.
Euphemism is a way to smooth communication of people, but when using it, certain rules are to be obeyed. A proper usage of euphemism can make the conversation relaxed and joyful, however misapplication will bring not only embarrassment, but also misunderstood, or even conflicts.
Euphemism was developed in the hope of becoming more successful in the social communication with other people, that is, use some pleasant expressions to entrain somebody else instead of saying them in direct ways. The translation of euphemism is not easy to tackle with, but there are some rules to follow. Translators should follow those principles and improve their understanding of the differences. Then use the right method in different situations, decoding the exact explicit meaning of the source euphemism to readers, so as to eliminate the obstacles between different languages.
This paper discusses the introduction of euphemism, the translation of euphemism, the typical problems in translation, and the methods of translating. The translation of euphemism is of great significance. And the functions are as following. It gives the language learners a better understanding of the culture of the source language. It improves the cross-cultural communication among people. It enriches the culture of the target language.
However, every coin has two sides, and so is euphemism. When used properly, it is a good way to coordinate relationship of people, and makes the conversation ease and successful. However, if it is used improperly, euphemism will mislead the listener, and cover up the truth.
Recent years, as the increasing usage of euphemism, there are a growing number of researchers and scholars devoting their time, their hearts or even their life in research of euphemism. In his book "Aspects of Language", a linguistician Dwight Bolinger discussed the compositive grammatical devices for euphemism, such as voice, tone, tense. Another linguistician, Mencken, H.L, listed hundreds of reasons for the formation and popularity of English euphemism. Though all kinds of researches at home and abroad have been published, there are not so many theses about the translation of euphemism, and problems still remain.
The main achievements in the translation of euphemism are some principles. Even though those principles are not only used in the translation of euphemism. First is the "trinity principle of translation" of Yan Fu. That is, faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance. Faithfulness means convey the words of author or speaker faithfully without changing or distorting his meaning and emotion, neither add nor delete the author's meaning. Expressiveness refers to proper translation while not stick to the original form stubbornly, and smooth translation which is easy to understand. Elegance refers to appropriation words in the translation, which should be elegant, succinct, befitting the position of speaker, the occasion, the emotion, and cultural background.
Second is Nida's "dynamic equivalent principle". There are four equivalent forms: they are word equivalence, syntax equivalence, discourse equivalence, and literary form equivalence. Of which, Nida attaches more importance on meaning than form. According to this principle, the relationship of the target language and its receiver should be basically the same as the relationship of the source language and its receiver. It regards the objective response of readers as the measurement of the translation.
The third one is, Purpose-oriented Translation Principle—Translating for the Purpose of Appreciation or Application. This principle requires translator be aware of the purpose of appreciation or application. That is, purpose is the first thing to be concerned when doing translation.
Personally speaking, I prefer the last one, for the translation is used to communicate with others, and the purpose of the conversation should be achieved for a good translation.
More research should be conducted about the translation of euphemism. Although the present study attempts to cover a wide range of the translation information, it is still limited in terms of depth of research. All these limitations above may serve as the motivations for further researches. Therefore in learning and using language, people should focus their attention on the acquisition of cultural knowledge, so as to have better communication. Learning how to use euphemisms on different occasions and to understand the differences of different cultures also has a profound and realistic effect on effective cross-cultural communication.

本科生毕业论文设计

题目 论日常交际中委婉语的翻译

作者姓名 XXX
指导教师 XX
所在学院 XXX学院
专业（系） 机器翻译
班级（届） XXXX届机译班

完成日期 2XXX 年 05 月 08日

The Translation of Euphemism in Daily Communication

BY

XXXX

Prof. XXXX， Tutor

A Thesis Submitted to Department of English

Language and Literature in Partial

Fulfillment of the

Requirements for the Degree of B.A. in English

At XXXX University

May 8th, XXX

iii

Abstract

Nowadays euphemism has gained much attention by the society, and it is spread in everyday life. Euphemism makes the relationship and conversation of people much smooth and pleasing. But different culture has different ways of using euphemism, thus the translation of euphemism has become an important topic to discuss.
The thesis mainly illustrates the rules of using euphemism, the typical problems in translating euphemism, the significance of euphemism translation, and the prospects of this aspect.

Key words: Euphemism; Translation principles; Usage of translation

v
摘要

近来公众越来越关注委婉语，几乎在生活中随处可见。委婉语使人们在生活交往中的关系和交流变得更加和谐愉悦。然而，不同的文化使用的委婉语也各不相同，因此，对于委婉语的翻译的研究成为一个重要的话题。
本文主要介绍了委婉语的使用规则，委婉语翻译过程中的典型问题，该方面的未来前景。

关键词：委婉语；翻译原则；翻译应用
Contents
Introduction 1
1.1 The translation of euphemism 1
1.2 The difficulties of euphemism translation 2
1.3 The achievements in research of euphemism translation 2
1.4 Principle for translation 3
Chapter One Introduction of euphemism 5
1.1 Definition of Euphemism 5
1.2 A brief history of English and Chinese Euphemism 6
1.3 Rules of using Euphemism 12
1.4 Functions of euphemism 19
Chapter Two The typical problems in translating euphemism 23
2.1 Mistranslation of an euphemism due to the translator's unfamiliarity with the source language or target language 23

vi
2.2 Loss of original rhetorical flavor in tranlation 24
2.3 Vivid Euphemistic Expressions are Reduced to Mediocre Ones Due to Lack of Equivalents in target language 25
Chapter Three Approach on Translating euphemisms 26
3.1 Essence of translating euphemisms 26
3.2 Levels of Equivalence and Proposed Strategies for Translating Euphemism between Chinese and English 27
Conclusion 31
Notes 36
Bibliography 37

Introduction
1.1 The translation of euphemism
Euphemism, which comes from the Greek word "euphemism", means "to speak good words". That is, using some mild and indirect words or phrases, to replace those direct or harsh ones, or those have displeasing meaning to some people, so as to make the expression more tactful, gentler, and more acceptable. Those words or phrases which are used to replace the tough ones are named as Euphemism. The usage of euphemism is a coexist phenomenon in the global languages. Generally, euphemism is not only used in conversations about vocation, politics, wars, life, diseases, aging, death, criminals, etc, but also used to replace the words which are difficult to say. Due to cultural differences, the translation of euphemism is rather complicated. Euphemism is not only a lingual phenomenon, but also a cultural phenomenon. Different euphemisms stand for different cultural ground. Thus the purpose of translation is to build a bridge between people with different languages and cultural background, for a kind of cross-linguistic and cross-cultural communication activity. As a result, the key point of euphemism translation is to faithfully convey the cultural connotation it bears to the readers or listeners.
1.2 The difficulties of euphemism translation
Due to the different cultural backgrounds and other factors, the translation of euphemism is full of difficulties. Maybe there is a phrase in source language, but there's no corresponding expression in target language. Maybe the taboo of different cultures prevents the translators to wor