浅谈疑问词+ever-和-No-matter+疑问词的用法.doc

(完整版)浅谈疑问词+ever 和 No matter+疑问词的用法
“疑问词 + ever ”
“疑问词 + ever ”可分为两类:
“疑问代词 + ever ”: whatever / whichever / whoever （宾格 whomever ）
“疑问副词 + ever ": wherever / whenever / however。
不论是“疑问代词 + ever "还是“疑问副词 + ever ”,其意义都是“不管 / 无论 + 该疑问词的本义".
1。 “疑问代词 + ever”可引导两种类型的从句,即让步状语从句和名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句）。
(1）引导让步状语从句.此时 whatever / whoever / whichever 分别等于“ no matter + what / who / which”。例如：
Whatever happened, he wouldn't say a word。 = No matter what happened，he wouldn't say a word。
Whoever says so， it is wrong。 = No matter who says so， it is wrong.
Whichever dictionary you （may） take,you will have to pay at least 20 dollars。 = No matter which dictionary you （may) take, you will have to pay at least 20 dollars。
注意:这类从句中应用一般现在时表将来，从句中也常用情态动词 may / might 。
(2）引导名词性从句。例如：
Whoever smokes here will be punished。 （主语从句)
Beggars will eat whatever they are given。 （宾语从句
Whichever he likes will be given to him. （主语从句）
You may invite whoever / whomever you like. (常用 whoever 代替 whomever）
此时它们都不能换成“ no matter + 疑问词”的形式，但 whoever 等于 anyone who， whatever 等于 anything that.
2。 “疑问副词 +ever ”: wherever / whenever / however 一般只能引导一种类型的从句，即让步状语从句，此时它们分别等于“ no matter + where / when / how ”。例如:
Wherever he goes （may go)。 I’ll follow him。 = No matter where he goes （may go），I’ll follow him.
Whenever I wisited him， he was always busy working. = No matter when I visited him， he was always busy working。
However late he is， his mother will wait for him to have dinner together。 = No matter how late he is, his mother will wait for him to have dinner together。
注意：当 however 用作连接副词时也可引导名词性从句，而 whenever/ wherever 则不能引导名词性从句。
例如： I’ll give you however much money you need。 （宾语从句，此时 however 不能改成 no matter how ）.
所以还有一个区别就是however能够引导名词性从句，而no matter how则不能。