主谓一致导学案.doc

主谓一致
Subject—Verb Agreement
（一）四大原则
1、 语法一致原则：即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。（即单复数形式与谓语要一致。）
2、 意义一致原则：即主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，这时谓语动词用单数形式。（即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。）
3、 就近原则：即谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。
4、 随前原则（就远原则）：“主语+ 附属结构” 作主语，谓语与主语一致
（二） 分类讲解
一、语法一致原则
1、单数主语，不定式，动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数
1.) A student is studying English.
2.) Serving the people is my great happiness.
3.) When we deliver the goods hasn't beendecided.
4.) When and where we will go hasn't been decided.
但当what引导的句子做主语，若后面是 “be +名词”的结构时，谓语随名词变化。
1.)What you did is right.
2.)What you need are these dictionaries.
2、 复数名词、代词作主语，谓语动词一般用复数形式
① All the students _____(is/ are) clever.
② They _____(like/ likes) English very much.
3、 用and或both…and 连接的单数名词、代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语及主语从句作主语谓语动词用复数形式。
① Both my father and my mother ______ (is/ are) farmers.
② What I think and what I do ______ (has/ have) been fairly in disagreement.
注意:(1.)当and连接的并列单数名词前有each，every, no或者many a 等限定词时，谓语动词通常用单数。
No student and no teacher ______ (has/ have) been given a task.
Every flower and every bush ______ (is/ are) to be cut down.
(2.)当主语由and连结时，如果表示同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，此时and后面的名词无冠词。
A thief and murderer was sentenced to death.
The worker and writer ______ (is/ are) from Wuhan.
The worker and the writer _____ (is/ are) from Beijing.
4、不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing等作主语，谓语动词用单数形式;
Something ______ (has / have) gone wrong with my watch.
Anybody who _______ (break / breaks) the rule will be punished.
5、 each of…/either of…./one of…谓语动词用单数.none of…/neither of…可单可复，根据说话人的意思决定；*但代表不可数名词时，用单数
1.) Each of the students ______ (has / have) a book.
2) None of us _____ (is/ are) perfect.
3) Neither of them _______（know/knows）the answer.
4) None of this ______（worry/ worries）me. None of this money ____ (is/ are) mine.
*neither作形容词时与单数名词连用，谓语动词用单数。 Neither statement _______ (is/ are) true.
6、 “many a +单数名词
more than one+单数名词
1.) Many a foreigner______ (has / have) been to the Great Wall.
4.) Many a man________ (believes/ believe) the story.
5.) More than one man ______ (has/ have) died in the accident.　
6.) More than five men ______ (has/ have) died in the accident.
7. Some /a lot of /half of… /the rest of… /part of…/plenty of…/分数（%）+of…/ the majority of + 名词”等作主语，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后的名词或代词的单复数形式。
① Two-thirds of the students ______ (come/ comes) from countryside.
② Ninety percent of the work _____ (has/ have) been done.
8. 定语从句中的主谓一致。
(1)与先行词一致。定语从句中主语是关系代词who, that, which 时，从句谓语动词应与先行词保持一致。
I, who _____ (be) your teacher, will share happiness and sorrow with you.
⑵ which/as代替一句话内容,谓语动词用单数
As ______ (is/ are) known, I am beautiful.
(3) one of +复数名词 + 定语从句,从句中的谓语用复数形式; the only/exact one of+复数名词 + 定语从句,从句中的谓语用单数形式。
Tom is one of the students who_____ (is/ are) good at playing football.
Tom is the only one of the students who_____ (is/ are) good at playing football.
二、 意义一致原则：
9. 集体名词family, audience, crew, club, class, company, committee, party, crowd group, army, government, the public等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数形式；如果指集体中的各个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。
The group ____ (is/ are) made up of nine students.
The group____ (is/ are) dancing happily.
注意1：集合名词cattle, clothes, people, the police表示复数意义谓语动词永远复数.people 民族（可数名词，peoples)
The Chinese people _____ (is/ are) a brave people.
Chinese people_____ (is/ are) making our country richer and richer.
2. Population
The population of China ______ (is/ are) over 1.3billion and 80% of the population______(is/ are) farmers.
10.表示时间、距离、金钱，度量衡等复数名词作主语，表达一个整体概念时,谓语动词则用单数形式;
Two years ______ (has/ have) passed since I left Ningbo;
One million dollars ______ (is/ are) a great sum of money.
11. 有些名词如：fish, deer, sheep, means, works, species, 等用作单数或复数均可，谓语动词随其含义而定。
①　 This glass works ______ (is/ are) built in 1978.
②　 Two steel works_____ (is/ are) east of the city .
③　 Every means______ (has/ have) been tried.
④　 Many species ______ (has/ have) died out.
12. 学科名词，或 以-ics结尾的学科名称作主语时，如physics, mathematics, mechanics, optics, acoustics, politics. statistics, economics, linguistics, athletics等, 谓语动词通常用作单数。
Physics ____ (is/ are) a fundamental subject in science.
13. 成双成对出现的复数名词如glasses, shoes, trousers, pants, gloves, socks, slippers, scissors等作主语时，谓语通常用复数，*但如果前有a/the pair of, a/the suit of等词语修饰时，谓语动词与pair, suit等一致，用单数
1) My trousers ____ (is/ are) very nice.
2) A pair of shoes ____ (is/ are) under the bed.
14. 主语是疑问代词who, what, which, 不定代词all, more, most, any, none等以及名词half, part, the rest等既可表示复数意义又可表示单数意义，其谓语视它们所代指的名词而定。
1.) Which _____(is/ are) more valuable, health or wealth?
2.) Which_____ (is/ are) prettier, these or those?
3.) We had some paper, but the rest ______ (was/ were) put back.
15. the＋adj.作主语,the＋adj.,表示一类人，谓语动词用复数，如the old, the young, the rich, the poor等
The old ____ (is/ are) taken good care of in our society.
The rich ____ for the decision but the poor _____ against it. (was/ were)
16. a/this/that + kind of +名词（单数或复数）作主语时，谓语动词用单数；如果主语是kinds（types) of+名词或复数名词of+ a ( this, that）kind时，谓语动词用复数形式。
即 …kind(s) of +n….,谓语与kind一致 n. +of this kind… 谓语与名词一致
① The kind of apples ____ (sell/ sells ) well.
② Men of this kind ____ (is/ are) dangerous .
注意 : 由kind, form, type, species, series 等修饰的主语，其谓语形式取决于这些词的单复数，而不是他们后面所跟的名词.
① This new type of machine______ (is/ are) now on show.
② Some new forms of art ______ (was/ were) discussed at the meeting.
17. 主语是a large/small quantity/amount of +名词（可数或不可数）谓语动词用单数；如果是“large (great) quantifies/ amounts of +名词（可数或不可数）”时，谓语动词要用复数。也就是说谓语动词随quantity/amount的单复数而定
① There _____(is/ are) a large quantity of milk/apples on the farm.
② Large quantities of water /coal/bricks ______(is/ are) needed here.
18. a number of （a group of , a variety of)+名词复数作主语时谓语动词用复数形式；The number of(the variety of….) +名词复数谓语动词用单数形式。
①A number of workers ____(is/ are) out of work.
②The number of the students in our school ____(is/ are) eight thousand.
19. 两数相减或相除,谓语动词用单数；两数相加或相乘，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数。
① Sixty minus seventeen _______(leave/ leaves) forty-three.
② Six and eight ___________(makes/make) fourteen.
20、若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。
“The Arabian Nights”____ (is/ are) an interesting story-book.
The United States _____ (is/ are) on the south of Canada.
21.名词性物主代词作主语，谓语动词根据指代对象而定
Your shoes are white; Mine____ (is/ are) black.
His coat ____ yellow; Hers____red. (is/ are)
三. 就近一致原则
谓语动词的单、复数形式决定于最靠近它的词语。
22. 由or, nor, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also连接的并列结构作主语，随后的动词形式通常按照“就近原则”处理。
1. You or she _____ (is/ are) good at English.
2._____ (Are/ Is) either you or he wrong?
23. 以here, there开头的句子，谓语动词的单复数形式看后面的主语而定，如果主语不止一个，谓语动词于最近的主语保持一致。
① Here ______(is/ are)some bread.
② There _______ (is/ are)a pen and three pencils on the desk.
24. 在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致
Such ______(is/ are) the result.
Such ______(is/ are) the facts.
On the wall ______ (is/ are) many pictures.
四：随前原则
25.当主语后面跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with ,like, rather than, together with , but ,
except, besides, ,including等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数由主语的单、复数而定。
1. The teacher with two students ______ (was / were)at the meeting .
2. E-mail, as well as the telephones, ________ an important part in daily communication.
A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play
1) They, together with Tom, _______(is/ are) going to swim this afternoon .
2) No one but your parents _____ (was/ were) there then.
3) He, like you and your brother, ________(is/ are) very clever.
4) The teacher, including his students, _______ (has/ have) going to see Professor Tell.
5) Mary, together with his sisters ________ (has/ have) gone back.
高考真题:
1. Listening to loud music at rock concerts ______ caused hearing loss in some teenagers. （10湖南）
A. is B. are C. has D. have
2. Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who_____evening dress. （10全国Ⅱ）
A.wear B.wears C.has worn D.have worn
3. The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities ______ rising steadily since1990. (09山东25)
A. is B. are C. has been D. have been
4. Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, ______visit Beijing this summer. (09陕西7)
A. is going to B. are going to C. was going to D. were going to
5. The teacher together with the students ______ discussing Reading Skills that _______ newly published in America. (09四川17)
A. are; were B. is; were C. are; was D. is; was
6. — Did you go to the show last night?
— Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area _______ invited. (08陕西15)
A. were B. have been C. has been D. was
7. A survey of the opinions of experts ______ that three hours of outdoor exercise a week ______ good for one’s health.(07江西25)
A.show; are B.shows; is C.show; is D.shows; are
8. We live day by day，but in the great things，the time of days and weeks _______so small that a day is unimportant.(07湖南30)
A.is B.are C.has been D.have been
9. As a result of the serious flood，two-thirds of the buildings in the area ________.(07陕西9)
A.need repairing B.needs to repair C.needs repairing D.need to repair
10. The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third _______ used regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long. (06浙江7)
A.is B.are C.was D.were
11. Most of what has been said about the Smiths _______ also true of the Johnsons.(06安徽30)
A.are B.is C.being D.to be
12. A poet and artist ______ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.(06江苏34)
A.is B.are C.was D.were
13. Professor Smith，along with his assistants, _____on the project day and night to meet the deadline. (05上海31)
A.work B.working C.is working D.are working
14. With more forests being destroyed，huge quantities of good earth ________ each year. (05山东25)
A.is washing away B.is being washed away
C.are washing away D.are being washed away
15. The teacher，with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class，_______visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.(04北京28)
A.was B.were C.had been D.would be
16. No one in the department but Tom and I ______ that the director is going to resign.(04上海春30)
A.knows B.know C.have known D.am to know

6