小升初冠词讲解.doc

智翔教育 中小学个性化教学专家智翔教育学员个性化辅导教案辅导科目：英语 授课教师：王晓莹 学生年级：六年级 上课时间：2011-11-16总课时： 本次课时：2 已上课时： 8 学生签名： 叶伟成课题小升初冠词专项讲解及训练教学目标掌握定冠词和不定冠词的用法重点、难点、考点1.不定冠词a和an的用法2.定冠词the的用法3.零冠词的用法教 案6 小学英语冠词的用法提高专题精讲及同步练习冠词虽小，只有a，an和the三个，但却是历年各地考试必考语言点之一。就考查题型而言，以单项选择为主，有时在完形填空中出现。从命题意图看，以考查不定冠词a和an的用法区别、不定冠词和定冠词的用法区别为主。同时考查冠词的各种不同用法。一.冠词概述冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词两种。不定冠词仅用在单数可数名词前面，表示“一”的意义，但不强调数目观念，只表示名词为不特定者。定冠词则表示名词为特定者，表示“这”，“那”，“这些”，“那些”的意思，在可数的单复数名词或不可数名词前面都可以用二.a和an的区别不定冠词有a和an两种形式，a用于辅音(不是辅音字母)开头的词前，an用于元音(不是元音字母)开头的词前。例如：a boy，a university，a European country；an hour，an honour，an island，an elephant，an umbrella三.不定冠词的用法1.泛指某一类人、事或物；相当于any，这是不定冠词a/an的基本用法。2.泛指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。3.表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。4.表示“每一”，相当于every. 例如，I go to school five days a week.我一周上五天课。5.用在序数词前，表示“又一”，“再一”。例如，I have three books.I want to buy a fourth one.我已经有三本书，我想买第四本。6.用在某些固定词组中：a lot(of)许多，大量；after a while过一会儿四.定冠词的用法1.特指某(些)人或某(些)物，这是定冠词的基本用法。2.指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。例如：Open the window，please.请打开窗户。3.指上文已经提到的人或事物。例如：I have a car. The car is red.我有一辆小汽车，它是红色的。4.指世界上独一无二的事物。 例如：Which is bigger，the sun or the earth？哪一个大，太阳还是地球？5.用在序数词，形容词最高级前。例如：The first lesson is the easiest one in this book.第一课是这本书最简单的一课。6.用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。例如，the great wall 长城，the united states美国7.用在某些形容词前，表示某一类人。例如:the poor穷人,the blind盲人8用在姓氏复数形式前，表示“全家人”或“夫妻俩”。例如：the Greens 格林一家或格林夫妻俩9.用在方位词前。例如:on the left在左边，in the middle of在中间10.用在乐器名称前。例如：she plays the piano every day.她每天弹钢琴。11.用在表示海洋，河流，山脉，群岛及国家和党派等名词前。例如：the black sea黑海，the yangzi river长江12.用在某些固定词组中：all the same仍然；all the time一直；at the moment此刻；at the same time同时；by the way顺便说；do the shopping/washing买东西/洗衣服；in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上；in the open air 在户外，在野外五.零冠词的用法1.在专有名词和不可数名词前。例如，class two二班，Tianan men square天安门广场，water水2.可数名词前已有作定语的物主代词(my，your，his，her等)、指示代词(this/these，that/those)、不定代词(some，any等)及所有格限制时。例如my book(正)；my the book(误)3.复数名词表示一类人或事物时。例如，They are teachers.他们是老师。Tigers like meat.老虎喜欢吃肉4.在星期，月份，季节，节日前。例如：on Sunday在周日，in March在三月，in spring在春天，on womens day在妇女节(特例：如果月份，季节等被一个限定性定语修饰时，则要加定冠词：He joined the army in the spring of 1982.他在1982年春季参军。)5.在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。例如：Tom汤姆，mum妈妈6.在学科名称，三餐饭和球类运动名称前。例如：I have lunch at school every day.特例：当football，basketball指具体的某个球时，其前可以用冠词：I can see a football.我可以看到一只足球。Wheres the football？那只足球在哪儿？(指足球，并非“球类运动”)7.在表特定的公园，街道，车站，桥，学校等之前。例如：NO.25 middle school8.某些固定词组中不用冠词。(1)与by连用的交通工具名称前：by bus乘公共汽车； by car乘汽车；by bike骑/坐自行车； by train乘火车； by air/plane乘飞机；by sea/ship乘船， 但take a bus， in a boat， on the bike前需用冠词(2)名词词组：day and night日日夜夜； brother and sister兄弟姐妹; hour after hour时时刻刻； here and there到处(3)介词词组： at home在家； in surprise惊奇地； at noon在中午;on foot步行； at night在晚上； on duty值日； at work在工作；on time准时； for example例如； in class在上课； on show展览；in bed在床上(4)go短语：go home回家；go to bed上床睡觉；go to school去上学；go to work去上班；go shopping/swimming/boating/fishing去买东西/游泳/划船/钓鱼六.用与不用冠词的差异in hospital住院/in the hospital在医院里go to sea出海/go to the sea去海边on earth究竟/on the earth在地球上，在世上in front of在(外部的)前面/in the front of在(内部的)前面take place发生/take the place(of)代替at table进餐/at the table在桌子旁by sea乘船/by the sea在海边in future从今以后，将来/in the future未来go to school(church)上学(做礼拜)/go to the school(church)到学校(教堂)去on horseback骑着马/on the horseback在马背上two of us我们当中的两人/the two of us我们两人(共计两人)out of question毫无疑问/out of the question不可能的，办不到的next year明年/the next year 第二年a teacher and writer一位教师兼作家(一个人)/a teacher and a writer一位教师和一位作家(两个人)七、例题剖析例1.He gave my sister useful book yesterday.A. an B. aC. / D the【答案】b useful的第一个音素为ju 故选b。例2.my brother is honest boy， so he has many friends.A. a B. anC. the D /【答案】b honest 的第一个音素为元音。例3.More college graduates would like to work in west part of country next year.A. the; the B. /; /C. /; the D. the; /【答案】a 方位名词前加the，in the west part；由句意可知为第二年，即the next year。例4.There is a big tree the house.A. in the front of B. in front of C. in front D. at class【答案】b 由句意可知是物体外部的前面。例5.Jim always answers the teachers questions _.A. in class B. in the class C. after class D. at class【答案】a 课上回答老师的问题，故选in class。八、同步练习1.There is _ apple on the desk.A. a B .the C. an D./2.The girl under _ tree is my sister.A. a B .the C .an D./3.Mary is from _ USA.A. a B. the C. an D./4.He met _ friend of his on the road.A. a B .the C .an D./5.Mr black will go back to England_.A .by air B .by a plane C. by trains D. at a train6.Yesterday I went to work on foot.A. /， / B./， theC .the， / D. the， the7.There is “h” in the word “hour”， but “h”doesnt make a sound.A. a， a B. a， theC. the， ，an D .an. the8.Im going to see my mother. she is ill _.A. in hospital B. in the hospital C. in a hospital D. at a hospital9. We have three meals day. we have breakfast at 6：30 in morning every day.A. the， the， the B. the， /， theC. a， /， the D .a， the， the10.This is film Ive told you about several times.Its great. Ive never seen _ more moving one.A. a， a B. the， the C. the， a D. a， the11.Tina，could you please play piano for me while Im singing？With pleasure.A .a B. an C. the D. /12.I want to try again. Please give me third chance again.A .a B. the C. an D. /13. Whats the matter with you？I caught bad cold and had to stay in bed.A. a; / B. a; the C. a; a D. the; the 14. sun is shining brightly.A. A B. An C. The D. / 15. Swimming is in summer.A. a great fun B. great fun C. great funs D. great a fun 16. Who is _ girl behind _ tree? A. a, a B. the, the C. a, the D. the, a 17. Look at _ old man. A. a B. an C. the D./18. There is _ map of the world on _ wall. _ map is mine. A. a, a, A B. a, the, The C. the, the, The D. the, the, A课后练习favorite subjecthobby12岁, on foot, nearfavorite subjecthobby12岁, on foot, near1、用a或an填空。_“U”_ice-cream_ goalkeeper_ teapot _apple _office _English _umbrella _unit _hour2、根据需要，填写冠词a，an或the。（1）Who is_girl behind_tree?（2）_old man has two children,_ son and_daughter.（3）This is_ orange._ orange is Lucys.（4）He likes playing_guitar. We have_same hobby.（5）We all had_good time last Sunday.（6）She wants to be_doctor.3.阅读理解（正确的打T，错误的打F）Uncle Li is a busy man. His wife doesnt live with him in the same city. Uncle Li lives with his parents and his daughter. He works at a toy shop. Hes a manager there. His shop is open from nine in the morning to ten in the evening. He works at the shop for eight hours a day. Uncle Li gets up at six in the morning. He makes breakfast and cleans the house. Then he goes to the shop. He gets there at about eight fifteen. He doesnt want to be late. After work in the afternoon he comes home and cooks for his family. In the evening he does housework. Sometimes he goes shopping. He likes watching TV very much. But he can only begin watching TV at about ten. He goes to bed at about twelve.( ) 71. Uncle Li is very busy.( ) 72. The shop is open for eight hours.( ) 73. Uncle Li is always at home in the evening.( ) 74. Uncle Li does housework after supper.( ) 75. Uncle Li goes to bed late.学生接受情况：