八下Unit2-词汇用法.doc

张明工作室in 2014.1.28
Unit2词汇
1. You could help clean up the city parks.你可以帮助打扫城市公园。
help v/n. →helpful
help (to) do sth帮助某人做某事
help sb. (to) do sth. /help sb. with sth.　帮助某人做某事。
help oneself （ to ）随便吃，自用（食物等）。
help sb. out 帮助某人克服困难，渡过难关、解决问题、完成工作。
with the help of=with one’s help 在……帮助下。
because of one’s help因为某人的帮助
without one’s help没有某人的帮助
 can’t help doing 情不自禁做....
clean v.打扫adj.干净的 反义词dirty
clean up 把……打扫干净
clean up the table = clean the table up
2. The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up. 女孩可以去医院看望生病的孩子们，让他们振作起来。
【解析1】sick /ill ：
(1) sick adj.“生病的”，既可放be (系动词)后作表语，也可放n.前作定语。
be sick of …“讨厌；厌恶……”
sick person = patient“病人”
(2) ill adj.“生病的”，只能放be (系动词)后作表语，
be ill in hospital 生病住院
ill → illness n.“病；疾病”
①. You look very tired. You must be sick. (= ill)
②.He had a sick mother. 他有一位生病的母亲
我认为她的病是很严重。
( )② The ___ girl was sent to hospital by her mother yesterday.
A. sick B. ill C. good D. well
【解析2】in the hospital 与in hospital
(1) in the hospital“在医院”
指人在医院里，允许是在医院上班，允许是到医院看望病人等；
(2) in hospital “在医院；住院” 指生病住院。
【解析3】cheer up 使振奋，使高兴的（v. +adv）
cheer sb. up =make sb. happy 使某人高兴 cheer me up 使我高兴
3. The boy could give out food at the food bank. 男孩可以在食物站分发食物
【解析】give out =hand out分发(v. +adv) hand out bananas
 give out sth to sb. 分….给某人
Our teacher begins_____________(分发) our test paper.
【短语】：give in 屈服 give back=return 归还 give a speech 发表演讲 give a talk做报告
give sb. a call 给……打电话
give away 赠送give away money to kids
give sb. a hand =help sb. 帮助某人
give up doing sth =stop doing sth放弃做某事give up smoking 放弃吸烟
give sb. sth = give sth to sb. 给某人某物
give me money 给我钱=give money to me 给我线
4. We need to come up with a plan for the City Park Clean -up Day.
我们需要为城市公园清洁日想出一个计划。
【解析】come up with =think up 想出
catch up with  赶上 追上
【短语】：think about 考虑 think of 想起 think over 仔细考虑
【拓展】v+up with 构成的短语：
catch up with 赶上；追上 keep up with 跟上；跟、、、、、保持联系
end up with 结束；以.......而结束
①We need______________(想出) a plan.
他想出了一个好主意。
5 They told me stories about the past and how things used to be.
他们给我讲过去的故事，并告诉我过去事情是什么样子的。
【解析1】 (1) use v.使用→useful adj. 有用的 use up 用完
Studying English is__________(use).
(2) use sth to do sth 用某物做某事
We use Internet __________(find) information.
(3) used to do sth 过去常常做某事，表示过去做过的事现在已经不做，只用于过去时态。
①My mother used_________（tell）us story when we were young.
( ) ②He used to ____short and ____ short hair when he was young.
A. have; be B. be; have C. be; be D. have; have
(4) be /get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事
My grandpa is used ___________(live) in country.
(5) be used to do sth 被用来做某事=be used for doing sth
①Stamps is used ____________(post) letters.
( ) ②My brother used to _____ up late, but now he is used to ___ up early.
A. get ;get B. getting; get C. get; getting D. getting; getting
( ) ③ Keys are used ___ the door.
A. to open B. to opening C. open D. opening
【记】 He used to wear glasses . But now he is used to wearing contact lenses.
他以前常戴（框架）眼镜，但现在习惯戴隐形眼镜。
6.That sounds interesting. 那听起来挺有趣。
【解析】sound (1)n声音 We heard a strange sound.
【辨析】Sound/noise/voice
⑴sound(n.)指自然界中所有的声音，可指悦耳的声音也可指噪音。
⑵noise一般指很响的，刺耳的声音，即喧闹，嘈杂声等。
③voice指人通过发音器官发出的声音（包括说话，唱歌等）。
Mary has a beautiful voice. 玛丽的声音很美。
Don't make such a noise. 别这样大声喧哗。
(2) vi.听起来，似乎，其后加表语（形容词，介词短语，名词）
—How does the music sound to you? 这音乐你听起来怎么样？
—It sounds beautiful. 它听起来很美。
7.Yeah, a lot of old people are lonely. 是的，很多老年人都很孤独。
【解析】alone / lonely 辨析：
(1)alone = by oneself adv./adj. 单独的，指无人陪伴的客观事实，不带感情色彩。
He often walks alone to home .
(2)lonely ①指人孤独的，寂寞的，强调主观感受；②也可指某个地方是荒凉的
( ) ①The old man lives ___，but he never feels ____.
A. alone ;lonely B. lonely; alone C. alone; alone D. lonely; lonely
( ) ②My little sister is afraid to stay at home alone.
A. quietly B. lonely C. all the time D. by herself
( ) ③ He did the work all by himself.
A. already B. together C. alone D. Lonely
8.put off推迟
1）因为下雨他们推迟了运动会。
2）他推迟了去爬山。
9.We should listen to them and care for them .
我们应该倾听他们说话并且关心他们。
【解析】care for 照看；照顾； 照料
【拓展】care的短语总结
take care =be careful v.当心，小心
take care of =look after v.照顾，照料，照看
10. Mario Green and Mary Brown from Riverside High School give up several hours each week to help others. 来自河畔高中的马里奥。格林和玛丽每周都会花几个小时去帮助别人。
【解析1】give up 放弃
give up doing sth=stop doing sth 放弃做某事
( ) I find it too difficult to learn English well. I want to drop it.
A. give up it B. give it up C. give away it D. give it away
【解析2】several 可作定语，表示“几个”： = a few=some
   Several boys were injured. 有几个小伙子伤了。      
 My friend speaks several languages. 我的朋友能讲几种语言
11. He volunteers at an animal hospital every Saturday morning.
他每周六早上在动物医院做志愿者。
【解析】volunteer v 志愿 n 志愿者
volunteer to do sth 志愿做某事
①Jack volunteered _________(carry) the water.
②They often ___________________(自愿去教) the children
我想做运动会的志愿者。
12. ... But I want to learn more about how to care for animals...
但是我想学习更多的关于如何照顾动物的知识
【解析】 “疑问词+不定式”作及物动词的宾语，
【记】：I don’t know what to do.
I don’t’ know how to do it .
I don’t know what to do with it.
【拓展】 “特殊疑问词 + 不定式” 与 “宾语从句的转换。
转换时只需在疑问词后加主语（与主句主语一致），并将不定式改成
“should/can +v原形“做谓语。
I don’t know how to solve the problem.
= I don’t know how I should solve the problem.
①I don’t know what _________(bring) to the party.
②He wanted to know when_________(go).
13.She could read by herself at the age of four.
她在四岁的时候就能够独自阅读。
【解析】at the age of 在......岁的时候= when sb. was ... years old.
14.Last year, she decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.
去年，她决定尝试在一个课后阅读项目中做一名志愿者。
【解析】try out 尝试；实验,参加……的选拔
try v 试图，设法，努力
【拓展】 (1)try on 试穿
(2) try to do sth 努力做某事 【侧重尽力做】
(3) try doing sth 试图做某事 【侧重尝试做】
(4)try one’s best to do sth= do one’s best to do sth 尽某人最大努力做某事
15.Some people even stop doing their jobs for a few months to a year to move to another country, like Africa,and help people there.
有些人甚至会停下自己的工作几个月到一年去其他的国家，像非洲，并且帮助那里的人们。
【解析】 stop doing
(1)stop doing sth 停止做某事 Please stop speaking.请停止讲话
(2)stop to do sth 停下来去做另外一件事 Please stop to talk.请停下来讲话
(3)stop sb. from doing sth =keep sb from doing sth=prevent sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事
(4)can’t stop doing sth 忍不住做……
（5）stop away from=keep away from远离，摆脱
（6）stop sb./sth.拦住某人，拦住某物
16. I repaired it . 我把它修好了
【解析】 repair v “修理；修复”
1) repair的对象范围很广，从房屋、道路、机器到日常生活必需品，是使受到一定损失或
失灵的东西恢复其形状或功能。
Who has repaired the broken leg of the table? 谁把桌子的断腿修好了？
2) mend的意思是恢复某物原来的样子(包括用针、线来缝补)，一般指较小之物。
This shirt is too old to mend. 这件衣服太旧不能补了。
3) fix用于需要重新“调”物体的结构，把松散的部件固定结实，将分离的物体各部分装配起
来。用于美国口语中，与repair无多大区别。 fix up修好，安装
Can you fix the broken chair? 你能修理那把坏了的椅子吗?
17. I take after my mother. 我长的像我妈妈。
【解析】(1)take after =be similar to=look like在（外貌、性格等方面）与（父母）相像
look like 只指在外貌上与…..相像
（v. +adv）
【短语】take back 收回，接回 take down 写下 take off 脱下；起飞
take up 占去（时间或空间）take care 小心 take care of 照顾
take place 发生 take out 拿出 take away 拿走
【短语】：look after 照顾 look up 向上看，查找look for 寻找 look out 小心
18. I gave it away. 我把它修理好了
【解析】give away 赠送； 分发（奖品），捐赠
【拓展1】与give相关的短语：
give back归还，送回 give out分发 give up停止，放弃
give sb. a hand助某人一臂之力 give sb. a call给……打电话
give a talk作报告 give lessons to sb=give sb. lessons给……上课
give sb. a chance给……一次机会
give a concert举办音乐会
give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb.给某人某物
return sth. to sb.= give sth. back to sb.把某物归还给某人　
【拓展2】与away相关的短语：
get away from 逃离 throw away扔掉 go away 离去；出去
stay away (from)远离 put away 放好 run away 逃走
19. I’ll send you a photo of Lucky.
【解析】(1) a photo of sb. sb.为宾格，“某人的一张照片”，强调照片上的人就是他/她本人。
(2) a photo of sb’s. sb’s.为名词性物主代词或名词所有格，“某人的一张照片”，强调照片上的人是sb.所拥有的。
20. I’m sure you know that this group was set up to help disabled people like me.
我肯定你知道这个组织的成立是为了帮助像我这样的残疾人。
【解析1】be sure (that) ...
⑴be sure＋of／about doing sth，“确信……”；“对……有把握”。
但在接名词时，be sure of侧重指主语对某抽象事物的确信无疑；be sure about则侧重指主语对某具体事物的确信无疑。
I'm sure of his honesty．我肯定他是诚实的。
⑵be sure to do sth ，表示说话人对句子主语作出的判断，认为句子主语“必定”、
“必然会”、“准会”如何如何。
It is sure to rain．天一定会下雨。
⑶be sure+宾语从句，表示主句主语对宾语从句中涉及的事物所作出的判断，
意为“确信某事一定会……”。
We are sure he will make great progress this term．我们确信他这学期一定会取得巨大进步
【拓展】make sure表示“弄确实；核实；查证”。
make sure常用于祈使句，后面常接that宾语从句或of介词短语。
Make sure + that从句意为“弄明白；确信”。
Make sure + of + 代词/名词，意思也是“弄明白；确信”。
Make sure to do sth.
  — Make sure of his coming before you set off.    — 出发之前要确定他是否来。
  — I make sure (that) he would come.    — 我确信他会来。
【解析2】set up 建立；设立
set up =establish =build建立（v. +adv）
【解析3】disabled adj. 肢体有残疾的 （既可以做表语， 也可以做定语）。
disabled people 残疾人
21Lucky makes a big difference to my life.
“幸运”对我的生活产生了很大的影响。
【解析】makes a big difference 影响；有作用
22.Or imagine you can’t walk or use your hands easily.或者想象一下你不能走路或自如地使用你的手。
【解析】imagine + n/ ving/ pron /that从句 v 想象
你不能想象没有钱的生活。
你能想象他有多高吗？
我们不能想象居住在月球上（的情境）.
23... But many people have these difficulties.但是很多人有这些困难。
【解析】have difficulty (in) doing sth 做某事有困难
24I love animals and I was excited about the idea of having a dog.
我热爱动物，并且为能拥有一只狗这个主意激动不已。
【解析】be excited about 对......感到激动 be excited to do sth.
【解析1】excite→ exciting/excited 兴奋的
be excited about对…感到兴奋
①We are _____ about the ________news .(excite)
②—What _____ news! --Yes. We are all _____ about it.
A. exciting; exciting B. excited; excited C. exciting; excited
【2013四川遂宁】Everyone was ___ when they heard the ___ news.
A. exciting; exciting B. excited ;exciting C.exciting; excited
25.I was able to bring him home. 我可以把它带回家了。
【解析】 be able to 能够
词条
适用时态
人称和数
例句
be able to
用于各种时态
有人称和数的变化
I will be able to dress more casually.
can
用于现在时或过去时（could）
没有人称和数的变化
I could swim at the age of seven.
=I was able to swim at the age of seven.
26My dog’s name is Lucky— a good name for him because I feel very lucky to have him. 我的狗的名字叫“幸运”—— 对于他来说是个好名字，因为有了他我感觉自己很幸运。
【解析】be/ feel lucky to do sth 做某事感到很幸运。
【解析1】 luck n.“幸运” → lucky adj.“幸运的” → luckily adv.“幸运地” → unlucky adj.“不幸的” → unluckily adv.“不幸地；不幸的是”
27.I’ll send you a photo of him if you like, and I could show you how he helps me.
如果你喜欢我会给你寄张他的照片，并且我会告诉你他是如何帮助我的。
【解析1】send→ sent → sent v 发送
【短语】： send away 赶走 send for 派人去请 send out 分发 send up 发射
send sb. sth = send sth to sb. 送给某人某物
【注】类似的动词有：show (展示； 给……看) give (给) lend (借出)
offer（提供） return （归还） tell （ 告诉）
28. Thank you again for changing my life. 再次感谢你改变了我的生活。
【解析1】Thank sb. for +n/ pron/ ving 为……而感谢某人。
【解析2】change v 改变；变化change one’s life 改变某人的生活
change... into... (把......）变成
29.satisfy v.使……满意，使……满足
你的回答使我满意。
satisfactory满意的satisfied满意的
你的家庭作业令人满意。
我很满意。
be satidfied with…对……满意
satisfaction n.满足，满意
我可以看出他脸上有满足感。
30. make it possible (for sb.) to do sth.使（某人）做某事成为可能，You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky.
make it +形容词(+for sb.) to do sth. 使（某人）做某事成为…；think/find it +形容词to do sth.

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