助动词用法归纳小学.doc

助动词用法助动词（Auxiliary Verb）：协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词。自身没有词义，不可单独使用。主要动词（Main Verb）：是被协助的动词，构成时态和语态。 He doesnt like English. 他不喜欢英语。（doesnt是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义)最常用的助动词有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would 等。基本助动词只有三个：be, do, have他们没有词汇意义，只有语法作用，如协助构成进行时，完成时，被动态，否定句，疑问句等。 一、 be 动词的用法既可作系动词，又可作助动词，做助动词有人称和数的变化，第一人称用am,第二人称及复数用are,第三人称及单数用is， am,is 过去式为was, are的过去式为were,它与现在分词构成进行时态和过去分词一起构成被动语态。a. 表示时态 be+doing（现在分词）表示现在进行的动作He is singing. 他正在唱歌。 b. 表示语态 be+done(过去分词） 表被动语态He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。 c. be+to do（动词不定式）表示计划安排命令。 We are to plant trees next week. 下周我们将要去植树。 You are to explain this 。对此你要做出解释。二、do的用法Do主要帮助实意动词构成否定和疑问句，后跟动词原形，有时放在实意动词前起强调作用，还可代替前文出现的动词，避免重复。Do有人称和数的变化，第一、二人称及复数用do，第三人称及单数用does，过去式为did。1）构成一般疑问句。 DO +主语+动词原形 +其他 I like singing 变为疑问句为 Do you like singing ?2）do + not 构成否定句。主语+do +not +动词原形。 I do not want to be criticized. 我不想挨批评。 He doesnt like to study. 他不想学习。 Many students didnt know the importance of English before. 过去好多学生不知道英语的重要性.3) 构成否定祈使句。 Dont go there. 不要去那里。 Dont be so absent-minded. 不要这么心不在焉。说明：构成否定祈使句只用do，不用did和does。4）放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气。 Do come to my birthday party please.请一定来参加我的生日宴会。 I did go there. 我确实去那儿了。 I do miss you. 我确实想你。我真想你了！5）用作代替动词。 - Do you like Beijing? -你喜欢北京吗？ - Yes, I do. No,I dont. -是的，喜欢。（do用作代动词，代替like Beijing.） He knows how to drive a car, doesnt he? 他知道如何开车，对吧？三、 have 的用法Have+过去分词 构成完成时态I have studied english for a long time .情态动词的基本用法归纳情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。 情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。一、 can, could1) 表示能力Mary can speak three languages. Can you skate?此时可用be able to代替。Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式；而be able to则有更多的时态。Ill not be able to come this afternoon.当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to，不能用Can。如：He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.2) 表示请求和允许。-Can I go now?- Yes, you can. / No, you cant.此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could,might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。- Could I come to see you tomorrow?- Yes, you can. ( No, Im afraid not. )3) 表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。Can this be true?This cant be done by him.How can this be true?二、 may, might1) 表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用cant或mustnt，表示“不可以，禁止”。-Might/ May I smoke in this room?- No, you mustnt.- May/Might I take this book out of the room?- Yes, you can. (No, you cant / mustnt. )用May I.？征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用Can I.？在口语中更常见。2）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。May you succeed!3) 表示推测、可能性（不用于疑问句）。might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。1He may /might be very busy now.2Your mother may /might not know the truth.三、 must, have to1) 表示必须、必要。You must come in time.在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustnt（禁止，不准），而用neednt, dont have to（不必）.- Must we hand in our exercise books today?- Yes, you must.- No, you dont have to / you neednt.2) must是说话人的主观看法， 而have to则强调客观需要。Must只有一般现在时， have to 有更多的时态形式。1 he play isnt interesting, I really must go now.2 I had to work when I was your age.3) 表示推测、可能性（只用于肯定的陈述句）1 Youre Toms good friend, so you must know what he likes best.2 Your mother must be waiting for you now.四、 shall, should1) shall +动词原形 表示将来时态Shall we go shopping tomorrow?2) shall 用于第一人称，征求对方的意见。What shall we do this evening?shall 用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。1. You shall fail if you dont work hard.(警告)2. He shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺)3. He shall be punished.(威胁)六、 will, would1) 表示请求、建议等，would更委婉。 Would you like a cup of coffee? 你想要一杯咖啡吗？2) will +动词原形 表将来时态 He will come back next month . 他下个月将会回来。3）表示意志、愿望和决心。1. I will never do that again. 助动词练习题1 把下列句子变为一般疑问句。1. It is a lovely dog. _2. She is lovely girl. _3. We are classmates. _4. I am a doctor. _5. There is a bird in the tree. _6. They are good friends. _7. I love my parents. _9. We have a pleasant home. _ 10.They go to church on Sunday. _ 11.You are a singer. _ 2. 用do does be 填空 1 _ she know all the answers ? Yes , she _ . No, she _.2 _ the twins often fight ? Yes ,_ do. No, _ dont.3 _ your dad like listening to music? Yes ,_ does . No, _ doesnt. 5 _ you have a new teacher? Yes , I _. No, I _. 6 _ she a teacher? Yes, she _ . No, she _.10 _ your father smoking in the living room? Yes, _ is .No, he _.助动词和情态动词专项练习一、情态动词的基本用法Can John Smith _ his homework on time? A. finish B. finishes C. finishing D. finishedShe dare _ out by herself at night. A. go not B. not to go C. to not go D. not goYou _ to the party tonight if you have something important to do. A. dont need come B. neednt to comeC. neednt come D. dont need comingWell be ready to leave at eight.Well, John must _ back by then.A. being B. is C. be D. to beYour grandmother _ the newspaper without glasses. A. can still read B. cans still readC. still can reads D. can still reads二、must, need, dare的用法Must I get up early tomorrow, Dad?No, you _. Tomorrow is Sunday.A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. couldntMust we finish the book today?Yes, you _.A. can B. may C. need D. mustYou _ play on the road. Its dangerous. A. mustnt B. may C. can D. mustYou _ return the book now. You can keep it until next week. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. dare notI _ a sleeping bag because Ive already got one. A. neednt have B. didnt have C. dont need D. need not Mr Smith _ a pen from Jack. A. must to borrow B. had borrowedC. must borrowed D. had to borrow三、can, could, may, might的用法The man _ walk fast because he is lame in the right foot. A. must B. mustnt C. can D. cantCould I borrow your dictionary?Yes, of course you _.A. will B. would C. must D. canA computer _ think for itself, it must be told what to do. A. might not B. may not C. couldnt D. cant That must be a mistake.I dont think so. It _ a mistake.A. may be not B. neednt be C. cannot beHe _ help crying at the news of his fathers death. A. couldnt B. shouldnt C. hadnt D. didnt “Now, _ all smile, please?” he asked. A. may you B. do you C. shall you D. can youI havent brought my dictionary with me. _ I use yours? A. Must B. Shall C. May D. Need四、should, would, shall, will的用法Must I copy the new words in class?No, you _. You _ do it at home.A. neednt, may B. mustnt, mustC. mustnt, may D. neednt, mustntWould you please not draw pictures on the wall?Sorry. I _ it again.A. am not doing B. dont do C. didnt do D. wont do21._ I open the window? Its so warm here. A. Shall B. Will C. Would D. Must22._ you like some oranges? A. Would B. Can C. May D. Must23.Tom said that he _ apologize to Mary. A. would B. will C. shall D. is going to24.“Do you think we _ turn back?” Jane asked. A. shall B. will C. should D. wouldHe _ any help. He can do it all by himself. A. needs not B. needntC. doesnt need D. doesnt need to askLi Fang isnt in the classroom. He _ be at the library. Lets go and find him. A. can B. must C. need D. shouldMay I have a look at your new watch ?Yes, you _. A. can B. must C. need D. shouldMust I hand in the exercise book tomorrow ?No, you_. You can hand it in the day after tomorrow. A. can t B. mustnt C. neednt D. couldntThere _ an English test next Monday. A. maybe B. was C. may be D. may Youd better ask someone, or you_ get lost. A. may B. mustnt C. are going to D. can7.“Come on!” Peter called. “We _ stay here any longer.” A. couldnt B. cant C. hadnt to D. mightnt8.Must Tom write it now? No, he _. A. neednt B. cant C. must D. mustnt9.“Have you seen Li recently?” “No, I think he must _ away on vacation.” A. being B. is C. be D. to be10.“All right. You _ if you dont want to.” A. dont need stay B. neednt stay C. neednt to stay D. dont need staying 1：She_toseedocumentaries（记录片）. A、dowant B、 dontwant C、doesntwant D、notwant2：Lookatthatpictureonthewall._youlikeit? A、Do B、Can C、Could D、Are3：He_likepears. A、 do B、is C、doesnt D、not4：Doyouoftengotothecinema_Sunday?No,we_.A、on,dont B、on,arent C、in,do D、in,dont5：Canyouseealightonthetable?Yes,_.A、Iam B、Imnot C、Ican D、Heisnt6：Doestheboywanttobeanactor?_. A、 Yes,heis B、No,hedoes C、Yes,hedoes D、No,heisnt7：_hehaveanyapples? A、Do B、Does C、Is D、Are8：She_wanttobeapolicewoman,becauseshethinksitskindofdangerous. A、 isnt B、arent C、dont D、doesnt9：Whyhehavebrownhair? A、 do B、does C、is D、has10：Whattime_hegethomeeveryday? A、is B、does C、do D、am11：What_youseeinthepicture? A、is B、are C、can D、have12：Jack_likeflyingkites_throwingafrisby. A、dont,or B、doesnt,and C、 dont,and D、doesnt,or13：A：_Jim_aball?B：No,he_.A、Do,have,dont B、Does,has,doesnt C、Is,have,isnt D、Does,have,doesnt14：I_haveawatch. A、 amnot B、does C、dont D、doesnt15：youagoodtimeonyourvacation? A、Did;have B、Did;had C、Were;have D、Were;had16：Simonlikes_football,buthedoesnt_itwell. A、 play,plays B、toplay,plays C、plays,playing D、playing,play17：Shehavetowashthedishesnow. A、dont B、not C、doesnt D、cant18：_Colin_Chinesehistory?Yes,hedoes. A、Do;like B、Does;likes C、Do;likes D、Does;like19：LiLei_lunchathome. A、hasnt B、havent C、donthave D、doesnthave20：Whocleanedtheblackboardyesterday,Dick?John. A、cleaned B、does C、did D、is21：_youusuallycometoschoolbybike? A、Dont B、Doesnt C、Arent D、Isnt22：Where_lionscomefrom?IthinktheycomefromAfrica. A、are B、is C、does D、do23：_wehaveanyeggs? A、Arent B、Dont C、Cant D、Mustnt24：youonyourvacationyesterday? A、Are B、Were C、Was D、Did25：Whodinnerlastnight?Mymother. A、cooked;did B、did;cooked C、did;did D、cooked;cooked1. There _ a meeting tomorrow afternoon. A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be2. Mother _ me a nice present on my next birthday. A. will gives B. will give C. gives D. Give3. Listen! The girl _ in the room. A. sings B. singing C. is singing D. are singing4. What are you doing? Im _ TV. A. watch B. watches C. to watch D. Watching5. In our school there are fifty-five _. A women teachers B. woman teachers. C women teacher D. womans teacher6. Jack went to have two _ pulled out yesterday afternoon. A. tooths B. tooth C. teeth D. Toothes7. Many _ have been built in our city since 1987. A. factorys B. factories C. factoryes D. factorys8. Whos that at the door? _ is the postman.A. She B. This C. It D. He9. you go to the movies yesterday?A.Do B.Did C.Does D.Have