心理学专业英语复习资料.doc

心理学专业英语复习资料
I. Translate the Following English Phrases into Chinese

1. Research Methods 研究方法
2. Psychophysics 心理物理学
3. Theories of Learning 学习理论
4. Social Cognition 社会认知
5． Personality Test 人格测试
6. Extraneous Variable 无关变量
7. Longitudinal Study 纵向研究
8. Crystallized Intelligence 晶体智力
9. Motor control 运动控制
10. Corpus Callosum 胼胝体
11. Group Thinking 群体思维
12. Social Loafing 社会懈怠
13. Social Exchange 社会交换
14. Social Approval 社会赞许
15. Diffusion of Responsibility 责任分散
16. Recency Effec 近因效应
17． Trace Decay 痕迹消退
18. Retrograde Amnesia 倒摄遗忘
19. Social Support 社会支持
20. Self-efficacy 自我效能
21. Case Study 个案研究
II. Translate the Following Chinese Word Groups into English
1. 机能主义 functionalism
2. 自我实现 self—actualization
3． 一般规律研究法 nomothetic method
4. 分层抽样 stratified sampling
5. 外在信度 external reliability
6. 选择性注意 selective attention
7. 知觉恒常性 perceptual constancy
8. 自我概念 self concept
9. 液体智力 fluid intelligence
10. 安全型依恋 secure attachment
11. 性别图示 gender schema
12. 亲社会行为pro social behavior
13. 从众实验 conformity experiment
14. 头脑风暴 brain storming
15. 社会助长 social facilitation
16. 旁观者效应bystander effect
17. 标准差 standard deviation
18. 柱状图 bar chart
19. 正态分布 normal distribution
20. 临界值 critical value
21. 知觉适应 perceptual adaptation
III. Multiple Choices
1. Like Carl Rogers, I believe people choose to live more creative and meaningful lives. My name is
a. Wertheimer.
b. Washburn.
c. Skinner.
d. Maslow.

2. The goals of psychology are to
a. develop effective methods of psychotherapy.
b. describe, predict, understand, and control behavior.
c. explain the functioning of the human mind.
d. compare, analyze, and control human behavior.

3. The "father" of psychology and founder of the first psychological laboratory was
a. Wilhelm Wundt.
b. Sigmund Freud.
c. John B. Watson.
d. B. F. Skinner.

4. You see a psychologist and tell her that you are feeling depressed. She talks to you about the goals you have for yourself, about your image of yourself, and about the choices that you make in your life and that you could make in your life. This psychologist would probably belong to the __________ school of psychology.
a. humanistic
b. psychodynamic
c. behavioristic
d. Gestalt

5. Biopsychologists
a. limit the scope of their study to animals.
b. are concerned with self-actualization and free will.
c. stress the unconscious aspect of behavior.
d. attempt to explain behavior in terms of biological or physical mechanisms.

6. In a study of effects of alcohol on driving ability, the control group should be given
a. a high dosage of alcohol.
b. one-half the dosage given the experimental group.
c. a driving test before and after drinking alcohol.
d. no alcohol at all.

7. The phrase "a theory must also be falsifiable" means
a. researchers misrepresent their data.
b. a theory must be defined so it can be disconfirmed.
c. theories are a rich array of observations regarding behavior but with few facts to support them.
d. nothing.
8. A common method for selecting representative samples is to select them
a. randomly from the larger population.
b. strictly from volunteers.
c. by threatening or coercing institutionalized populations.
d. from confidential lists of mail order firms.

9. The chief function of the control group in an experiment is that it
a. allows mathematical relationships to be established.
b. provides a point of reference against which the behavior of the experimental group can be compared.
c. balances the experiment to eliminate all extraneous variables.
d. is not really necessary.

10. Which of the following best describes a double-blind experimental procedure?
a. All subjects get the experimental procedure.
b. Half the subjects get the experimental procedure, half the placebo; which they receive is known only to the experimenter.
c. Half the subjects get the experimental procedure, half the placebo; which they receive is not known to subjects or experimenters.
d. All subjects get the control procedure.

11. A simple experiment has two groups of subjects called
a. the dependent group and the independent group.
b. the extraneous group and the independent group.
c. the before group and the after group.
d. the control group and the experimental group.

12. One of the limitations of the survey method is
a. observer bias.
b. that it sets up an artificial situation.
c. that replies may not be accurate.
d. the self-fulfilling prophecy.

13. To replicate an experiment means to
a. use control groups and experimental groups.
b. use statistics to determine the effect of chance.
c. control for the effects of extraneous variables.
d. repeat the experiment using either identical or improved research methods.

14. Information picked up by the body's receptor cells is termed
a. cognition
b. perception.
c. adaptation.
d. sensation.

15. The incoming flow of information from our sensory systems is referred to as
a. sensation.
b. perception.
c. adaptation.
d. cognition.

16. A researcher presents two lights of varying brightness to a subject who is asked to respond "same" or "different" by comparing their intensities. The researcher is seeking the
a. just noticeable difference.
b. absolute threshold.
c. subliminal threshold.
d. minimal threshold.

17. Film is to camera as __________ is to eye.
a. retina
b. iris
c. lens
d. pupil

18. Black and white vision with greatest sensitivity under low levels of illumination describes the function of
a. the cones.
b. the visual pigments.
c. the rods.
d. the phosphenes.

19. Unpleasant stimuli may raise the threshold for recognition. This phenomenon is called
a. aversive stimulation.
b. absolute threshold.
c. perceptual defense.
d. unconscious guard.

20. When infants are placed in the middle of a visual cliff, they usually
a. remain still.
b. move to the shallow side of the apparatus.
c. move to the deep side of the apparatus.
d. approach their mothers when called, whether that requires moving to the shallow or deep side.

21.The fact that objects that are near each other tend to be grouped together is known as
a. closure.
b. continuation.
c. similarity.
d. nearness.

22. An ability to "read" another person's mind is termed
a. clairvoyance.
b. telepathy.
c. precognition.
d. psychokinesis.

23. The fact that infants will often crawl off tables or beds shows that
a. depth perception is completely learned.
b. human depth perception emerges at about 4 months of age.
c. integration of depth perception with motor skills has not yet been accomplished.
d. depth perception is completely innate.

24. Sensations are organized into meaningful perceptions by
a. perceptual constancies.
b. localization of meaning.
c. perceptual grouping (Gestalt) principles.
d. sensory adaptation.

25. The analysis of information starting with features and building into a complete perception is known as
a. perceptual expectancy.
b. top-down processing.
c. bottom-up processing.
d. Gregory's phenomenon.

26. One recommended way for parents to handle problems of occasional bed wetting in children is to
a. limit the amount of water they drink in the evening.
b. punish them for "wet" nights.
c. wake them up during the night to use the toilet.
d. consider medication or psychotherapy.

27. Teachers, peers, and adults outside the home become important in shaping attitudes toward oneself in Erikson's stage of
a. trust versus mistrust.
b. initiative versus guilt.
c. industry versus inferiority.
d. integrity versus despair.

28. With aging there is a decline of __________ intelligence, but not of __________ intelligence.
a. fluid; fixed
b. fixed; fluid
c. fluid; crystallized
d. crystallized; fluid

29. The single most important thing you might do for a dying person is to
a. avoid disturbing that person by not mentioning death.
b. allow that person to talk about death with you.
c. tell that person about the stages of dying.
d. keep your visits short and infrequent in order to avoid tiring that person.

30. The five-factor model of personality includes
a. social interactionism.
b. neuroticism.
c. agreeableness.
d. sense of humor.

31. An adjective checklist would most likely be used by a
a. psychodynamic therapist.
b. behaviorist.
c. humanistic therapist.
d. trait theorist.

32. Jung believed that there are basic universal concepts in all people regardless of culture called
a. persona.
b. collective consciousness.
c. archetypes.
d. mandalas.

33. Behaviorists are to the external environment as humanists are to
a. stress.
b. personal growth.
c. humankind.
d. internal conflicts.

34. Self-actualization refers to
a. a tendency that causes human personality problems.
b. what it is that makes certain men and women famous.
c. anyone who is making full use of his or her potentials.
d. the requirements necessary for becoming famous, academically distinguished, or rich.

35. If you were asked to describe the personality of your best friend, and you said she was optimistic, reserved, and friendly, you would be using the __________ approach.
a. psychodynamic
b. analytical
c. humanistic
d. trait

36. The halo effect refers to
a. the technique in which the frequency of various behaviors is recorded.
b. the use of ambiguous or unstructured stimuli.
c. the process of admitting experience into consciousness.
d. the tendency to generalize a favorable or unfavorable first impression to unrelated details of personality.

37.A truck gets stuck under a bridge. Several tow-trucks are unable to pull it out. At last a little boy walks up and asks the red-faced adults trying to free the truck why they haven't let the air out of the truck's tires. Their oversight was due to
a. divergent thinking.
b. cognitive style.
c. synesthesia.
d. fixation.

38. __________ thinking goes from specific facts to general principles.
a. Deductive
b. Inductive
c. Divergent
d. Convergent

39. In most anxiety disorders, the person's distress is
a. focused on a specific situation.
b. related to ordinary life stresses.
c. greatly out of proportion to the situation.
d. based on a physical cause.

40. The antisocial personality
a. avoids other people as much as possible.
b. is relatively easy to treat effectively by psychotherapy.
c. tends to be selfish and lacking remorse.
d. usually gives a bad first impression.

41. One who is quite concerned with orderliness, perfectionism, and a rigid routine might be classified as a(n) __________ personality.
a. histrionic
b. obsessive-compulsive
c. schizoid
d. avoidant

42. In psychoanalysis, patients avoid talking about certain subjects. This is called
a. avoidance.
b. transference.
c. analysis.
d. resistance.

43. In psychoanalysis, an emotional attachment to the therapist that symbolically represents other important relationships is called
a. resistance.
b. transference.
c. identification.
d. empathy.

44. In aversion therapy a person __________ to associate a strong aversion with an undesirable habit.
a. knows
b. learns
c. wants
d. hopes

45. Behavior modification involves
a. applying non-directive techniques such as unconditional positive regard to clients.
b. psychoanalytic approaches to specific behavior disturbances.
c. the use of learning principles to change behavior.
d. the use of insight therapy to change upsetting thoughts and beliefs.

46. A cognitive therapist is concerned primarily with helping clients change their
a. thinking patterns.
b. behaviors.
c. life-styles.
d. habits.

47.__________ is best known for his research on conformity.
a. Asch
b. Rubin
c. Schachter
d. Zimbardo

48. Solomon Asch's classic experiment (in which subjects judged a standard line and comparison lines) was arranged to test the limits of
a. social perception.
b. indoctrination.
c. coercive power.
d. conformity.

49. Aggression is best defined as
a. hostility.
b. anger.
c. any action carried out with the intent of harming another person.
d. none of these

50. Which of the following is the longest stage of grieving for most people?
a. shock
b. anger
c. depression
d. agitation

51. Which of the following is NOT part of the definition of psychology?
A) science
B) therapy
C) behavior
D) mental process

52．The term psychopathology refers to
A) the study of psychology.
B) study of psychological disorders.
C) the distinction between psychologists and psychiatrists.
D) the focus of counseling psychology.

53. In which area of psychology would a researcher interested in how individuals persist to attain a difficult goal (like graduating from college) most likely specialize?
A) motivation and emotion
B) physiological psychology
C) social psychology
D) community psychology

54. A psychologist who focused on the ways in which people's family background related to their current functioning would be associated with which psychological approach?
A) the behavioral approach
B) the psychodynamic approach
C) the humanistic approach
D) the cognitive approach

55. The researcher most associated with functionalism is
A) William James.
B) Wilhelm Wundt.
C) Charles Darwin.
D) E. B. Titchener.

56. A psychologist is attempting to understand why certain physical characteristics are rated as attractive. The psychologist explains that certain characteristics have been historically adaptive, and thus are considered attractive. This explanation is consistent with which of the following approaches?
A) the sociocultural approach
B) the humanistic approach
C) the cognitive approach
D) the evolutionary approach

57. Which approach would explain depression in terms of disordered thinking?
A) the humanistic approach
B) the evolutionary approach
C) the cognitive approach
D) the sociocultural approach

58. Which of the following would a sociocultural psychologist be likely to study?
A) the impact of media messages on women's body image
B) the way in which neurotransmitters are implicated in the development of eating disorders
C) the impact of thinking patterns on weight management
D) the benefits of exercise in preventing obesity

59. Why is psychology considered a science?
A) It focuses on internal mental processes.
B) It classifies mental disorders.
C) It focuses on observation, drawing conclusions, and prediction.
D) It focuses on behavior.

60. Why is it important to study positive psychology?
A) Psychologists are only interested in the experiences of healthy persons.
B) W