心理学专业英语复习资料.doc

心理学专业英语复习资料I.Translate the Following English Phrases into Chinese1. Research Methods 研究方法2. Psychophysics 心理物理学3. Theories of Learning 学习理论4. Social Cognition 社会认知5 Personality Test 人格测试6. Extraneous Variable 无关变量7. Longitudinal Study 纵向研究8. Crystallized Intelligence 晶体智力9. Motor control 运动控制10. Corpus Callosum 胼胝体11. Group Thinking 群体思维12. Social Loafing 社会懈怠13. Social Exchange 社会交换14. Social Approval 社会赞许15. Diffusion of Responsibility 责任分散16. Recency Effec 近因效应17 Trace Decay 痕迹消退18. Retrograde Amnesia 倒摄遗忘19. Social Support 社会支持20. Self-efficacy 自我效能21. Case Study 个案研究II.Translate the Following Chinese Word Groups into English 1. 机能主义 functionalism2. 自我实现 selfactualization3 一般规律研究法 nomothetic method4. 分层抽样 stratified sampling5. 外在信度 external reliability6. 选择性注意 selective attention7. 知觉恒常性 perceptual constancy8. 自我概念 self concept9. 液体智力 fluid intelligence10. 安全型依恋 secure attachment11. 性别图示 gender schema12. 亲社会行为pro social behavior13. 从众实验 conformity experiment14. 头脑风暴 brain storming15. 社会助长 social facilitation16. 旁观者效应bystander effect17. 标准差 standard deviation18. 柱状图 bar chart19. 正态分布 normal distribution20. 临界值 critical value21. 知觉适应 perceptual adaptationIII. Multiple Choices1. Like Carl Rogers, I believe people choose to live more creative and meaningful lives. My name isa. Wertheimer. b. Washburn. c. Skinner. d. Maslow. 2. The goals of psychology are toa. develop effective methods of psychotherapy. b. describe, predict, understand, and control behavior. c. explain the functioning of the human mind. d. compare, analyze, and control human behavior. 3. The father of psychology and founder of the first psychological laboratory wasa. Wilhelm Wundt. b. Sigmund Freud. c. John B. Watson. d. B. F. Skinner. 4. You see a psychologist and tell her that you are feeling depressed. She talks to you about the goals you have for yourself, about your image of yourself, and about the choices that you make in your life and that you could make in your life. This psychologist would probably belong to the _ school of psychology.a. humanistic b. psychodynamic c. behavioristic d. Gestalt 5. Biopsychologistsa. limit the scope of their study to animals. b. are concerned with self-actualization and free will. c. stress the unconscious aspect of behavior. d. attempt to explain behavior in terms of biological or physical mechanisms. 6. In a study of effects of alcohol on driving ability, the control group should be givena. a high dosage of alcohol. b. one-half the dosage given the experimental group. c. a driving test before and after drinking alcohol. d. no alcohol at all. 7. The phrase a theory must also be falsifiable meansa. researchers misrepresent their data. b. a theory must be defined so it can be disconfirmed. c. theories are a rich array of observations regarding behavior but with few facts to support them. d. nothing. 8.A common method for selecting representative samples is to select thema. randomly from the larger population. b. strictly from volunteers. c. by threatening or coercing institutionalized populations. d. from confidential lists of mail order firms. 9. The chief function of the control group in an experiment is that ita. allows mathematical relationships to be established. b. provides a point of reference against which the behavior of the experimental group can be compared. c. balances the experiment to eliminate all extraneous variables. d. is not really necessary. 10. Which of the following best describes a double-blind experimental procedure?a. All subjects get the experimental procedure. b. Half the subjects get the experimental procedure, half the placebo; which they receive is known only to the experimenter. c. Half the subjects get the experimental procedure, half the placebo; which they receive is not known to subjects or experimenters. d. All subjects get the control procedure. 11. A simple experiment has two groups of subjects calleda. the dependent group and the independent group. b. the extraneous group and the independent group. c. the before group and the after group. d. the control group and the experimental group. 12. One of the limitations of the survey method isa. observer bias. b. that it sets up an artificial situation. c. that replies may not be accurate. d. the self-fulfilling prophecy. 13. To replicate an experiment means toa. use control groups and experimental groups. b. use statistics to determine the effect of chance. c. control for the effects of extraneous variables. d. repeat the experiment using either identical or improved research methods. 14. Information picked up by the bodys receptor cells is termeda. cognition b. perception. c. adaptation. d. sensation. 15. The incoming flow of information from our sensory systems is referred to asa. sensation. b. perception. c. adaptation. d. cognition. 16. A researcher presents two lights of varying brightness to a subject who is asked to respond same or different by comparing their intensities. The researcher is seeking thea. just noticeable difference. b. absolute threshold. c. subliminal threshold. d. minimal threshold. 17.Film is to camera as _ is to eye.a. retina b. iris c. lens d. pupil 18. Black and white vision with greatest sensitivity under low levels of illumination describes the function ofa. the cones. b. the visual pigments. c. the rods. d. the phosphenes. 19. Unpleasant stimuli may raise the threshold for recognition. This phenomenon is calleda. aversive stimulation. b. absolute threshold. c. perceptual defense. d. unconscious guard. 20. When infants are placed in the middle of a visual cliff, they usuallya. remain still. b. move to the shallow side of the apparatus. c. move to the deep side of the apparatus. d. approach their mothers when called, whether that requires moving to the shallow or deep side. 21.The fact that objects that are near each other tend to be grouped together is known asa. closure. b. continuation. c. similarity. d. nearness. 22. An ability to read another persons mind is termeda. clairvoyance. b. telepathy. c. precognition. d. psychokinesis. 23.The fact that infants will often crawl off tables or beds shows thata. depth perception is completely learned. b. human depth perception emerges at about 4 months of age. c. integration of depth perception with motor skills has not yet been accomplished. d. depth perception is completely innate. 24. Sensations are organized into meaningful perceptions bya. perceptual constancies. b. localization of meaning. c. perceptual grouping (Gestalt) principles. d. sensory adaptation. 25. The analysis of information starting with features and building into a complete perception is known asa. perceptual expectancy. b. top-down processing. c. bottom-up processing. d. Gregorys phenomenon. 26. One recommended way for parents to handle problems of occasional bed wetting in children is toa. limit the amount of water they drink in the evening. b. punish them for wet nights. c. wake them up during the night to use the toilet. d. consider medication or psychotherapy. 27. Teachers, peers, and adults outside the home become important in shaping attitudes toward oneself in Eriksons stage ofa. trust versus mistrust. b. initiative versus guilt. c. industry versus inferiority. d. integrity versus despair. 28. With aging there is a decline of _ intelligence, but not of _ intelligence.a. fluid; fixed b. fixed; fluid c. fluid; crystallized d. crystallized; fluid29. The single most important thing you might do for a dying person is toa. avoid disturbing that person by not mentioning death. b. allow that person to talk about death with you. c. tell that person about the stages of dying. d. keep your visits short and infrequent in order to avoid tiring that person. 30. The five-factor model of personality includesa. social interactionism. b. neuroticism. c. agreeableness. d. sense of humor. 31. An adjective checklist would most likely be used by aa. psychodynamic therapist. b. behaviorist. c. humanistic therapist. d. trait theorist. 32. Jung believed that there are basic universal concepts in all people regardless of culture calleda. persona. b. collective consciousness. c. archetypes. d. mandalas. 33. Behaviorists are to the external environment as humanists are toa. stress. b. personal growth. c. humankind. d. internal conflicts. 34. Self-actualization refers toa. a tendency that causes human personality problems. b. what it is that makes certain men and women famous. c. anyone who is making full use of his or her potentials. d. the requirements necessary for becoming famous, academically distinguished, or rich. 35. If you were asked to describe the personality of your best friend, and you said she was optimistic, reserved, and friendly, you would be using the _ approach.a. psychodynamic b. analytical c. humanistic d. trait 36. The halo effect refers toa. the technique in which the frequency of various behaviors is recorded. b. the use of ambiguous or unstructured stimuli. c. the process of admitting experience into consciousness. d. the tendency to generalize a favorable or unfavorable first impression to unrelated details of personality. 37.A truck gets stuck under a bridge. Several tow-trucks are unable to pull it out. At last a little boy walks up and asks the red-faced adults trying to free the truck why they havent let the air out of the trucks tires. Their oversight was due toa. divergent thinking. b. cognitive style. c. synesthesia. d. fixation. 38. _ thinking goes from specific facts to general principles.a. Deductive b. Inductive c. Divergent d. Convergent 39. In most anxiety disorders, the persons distress isa. focused on a specific situation. b. related to ordinary life stresses. c. greatly out of proportion to the situation. d. based on a physical cause. 40. The antisocial personalitya. avoids other people as much as possible. b. is relatively easy to treat effectively by psychotherapy. c. tends to be selfish and lacking remorse. d. usually gives a bad first impression. 41. One who is quite concerned with orderliness, perfectionism, and a rigid routine might be classified as a(n) _ personality.a. histrionic b. obsessive-compulsive c. schizoid d. avoidant 42. In psychoanalysis, patients avoid talking about certain subjects. This is calleda. avoidance. b. transference. c. analysis. d. resistance. 43. In psychoanalysis, an emotional attachment to the therapist that symbolically represents other important relationships is calleda. resistance. b. transference. c. identification. d. empathy. 44. In aversion therapy a person _ to associate a strong aversion with an undesirable habit.a. knows b. learns c. wants d. hopes 45. Behavior modification involvesa. applying non-directive techniques such as unconditional positive regard to clients. b. psychoanalytic approaches to specific behavior disturbances. c. the use of learning principles to change behavior. d. the use of insight therapy to change upsetting thoughts and beliefs. 46. A cognitive therapist is concerned primarily with helping clients change theira. thinking patterns. b. behaviors. c. life-styles. d. habits. 47._ is best known for his research on conformity.a. Asch b. Rubin c. Schachter d. Zimbardo 48. Solomon Aschs classic experiment (in which subjects judged a standard line and comparison lines) was arranged to test the limits ofa. social perception. b. indoctrination. c. coercive power. d. conformity. 49. Aggression is best defined asa. hostility. b. anger. c. any action carried out with the intent of harming another person. d. none of these 50. Which of the following is the longest stage of grieving for most people?a. shock b. anger c. depression d. agitation 51. Which of the following is NOT part of the definition of psychology? A) science B) therapy C) behavior D) mental process 52The term psychopathology refers to A) the study of psychology. B) study of psychological disorders. C) the distinction between psychologists and psychiatrists. D) the focus of counseling psychology. 53. In which area of psychology would a researcher interested in how individuals persist to attain a difficult goal (like graduating from college) most likely specialize? A) motivation and emotion B) physiological psychology C) social psychology D) community psychology 54. A psychologist who focused on the ways in which peoples family background related to their current functioning would be associated with which psychological approach? A) the behavioral approach B) the psychodynamic approach C) the humanistic approach D) the cognitive approach 55. The researcher most associated with functionalism is A) William James. B) Wilhelm Wundt. C) Charles Darwin. D) E. B. Titchener.56. A psychologist is attempting to understand why certain physical characteristics are rated as attractive. The psychologist explains that certain characteristics have been historically adaptive, and thus are considered attractive. This explanation is consistent with which of the following approaches? A) the sociocultural approach B) the humanistic approach C) the cognitive approach D) the evolutionary approach 57. Which approach would explain depression in terms of disordered thinking? A) the humanistic approach B) the evolutionary approach C) the cognitive approach D) the sociocultural approach 58. Which of the following would a sociocultural psychologist be likely to study? A) the impact of media messages on womens body image B) the way in which neurotransmitters are implicated in the development of eating disorders C) the impact of thinking patterns on weight management D) the benefits of exercise in preventing obesity 59. Why is psychology considered a science? A) It focuses on internal mental processes. B) It classifies mental disorders. C) It focuses on observation, drawing conclusions, and prediction. D) It focuses on behavior. 60. Why is it important to study positive psychology? A) Psychologists are only interested in the experiences of healthy persons. B) W