中考英语语法专项一名词讲解及习题.doc

中考语法专项一 名词1.名词的数可数名词 一般是个体名词，如a boy(一个男孩)，集体名词a family(一个家庭)，可数名词在句子中必须有头或是有尾，头就是a，one，an或物主代词；尾就是复数形式。规则复数变化形式： 情况构成方法读音例词一般情况加-s清辅音后读/s/，浊辅音或原音后读/z/bookbookskeykeys以o结尾的表示有生命的名词加-es读/z/tomatotomatoespotatopotatoes以s，sh，ch，x等结尾的名词加-es读/iz/busbuseswatchwatchesboxboxes以ce，se，ze，（d）ge等结尾的名词加-s读/iz/casecasesorangeoranges以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词变y为i，再加-es读/z/familyfamiliespartyparties以f或fe结尾的名词变f或fe为v，再加-es读/z/knifeknivesleafleaves 不规则复数变化形式：变内部元音字母foot-feet, goose-geese, tooth- teeth, man-men词尾加enchild-children, ox-oxen单复数同形fish, sheep, deer, means, Chinese, yuan, jin, li特殊的复数形式:1）集体名词：集体名词不能运用具体的数字修饰，下面的集体名词，不能用a，one，two等修饰，只能在其前加the表示“全体”。the police警察(指全体警察) the English英国人(指全体英国人)the French法国人(指全体法国人) 2）复合名词a woman teacherwomen teachers女教师 an EnglishmanEnglishmen英国男子a grown-upgrown-ups成人 a brother-in-lawbrothers-in-law内兄、内弟、小叔、大伯2. 不可数名词 专有名词：NBA全美篮球协会 Michael Jackson 迈克杰克逊 the West Lake西湖物质名词：液体：milk water tea coffee juice oil(油)肉类：beef chicken mutton pork天气：weather rain snow wind light 光其他：news(新闻，消息) bread(面包)抽象名词：fun love luck duty kindness善良happiness幸福progress进步【注意】有些不可数的物质名词有复数形式，但表达不同意义。tea different kinds of teas 不同种类的茶food 食品 all kinds of foods 各种各样的食品fruit 水果 all kinds of fruits 各种各样的水果glass 玻璃 a glass 一个玻璃杯 glasses 眼镜、玻璃杯不可数名词量的表示法 a cup/bag/piece/bottle/glass/slice.a pair of3.【名词的格】1)表示有生命的东西的名词所有格。一般在单数或复数名词后加s。如：Toms chair； the childrens bedroom以s结尾的复数名词后直接加“”。如：the students reading room并列名词 表示各自所属时，在两个名词之后都加s；表示共同所属时。在最后一个名词后加s。如：Tom and Mikes father 汤姆和迈克的父亲(俩人共有的父亲) Toms and Mikes fathers 汤姆的父亲和迈克的父亲（俩人各自的父亲）表示店铺，某人的家，私人开的诊所、餐馆等，其所有格后的名词(如shop等)可以省略。如： at Toms 在汤姆家里 at the tailors在裁缝店 at a chemists在药店 2)表示无生命的东西的名词的所有格，常常用“of+名词”的形式。如：the covers of the book(s)书的封面 a photo of my family一张我家的全家福注意：表示有生命东西的名词，如果名词较长或名词的定语较长也可用“of+名词”的形式。如：the works of Lu Xun, Lao She and Mao Dun the founding of the Peoples Republic of China 中华人民共和国的成立表示时间、距离、集体、城市、国家、团体、机构及某些惯用语中的名词，可用s。如：yesterdays newspaper昨天的报纸 five minutes drive开车五分钟的路程of短语所表示的是修饰名词的具体内容或材料。如： a map of the world 世界地图 a ring of gold 金戒指 某些习惯用法中of短语不能替换s结构。如： teachers office 教师办公室 childrens book 儿童读物 中考英语试题对名词的考查重点是：1. 可数名词与不可数名词；2. 可数名词的复数变化；3.不可数名词量的表示法；4. 名词所有格；5. 名词作定语；6. 在特定的语境中考查名词词义。4、名词作定语中考引路 How many _ teachers are there in your school?_ them_ over two hundred. A. woman; The number of; is B. women; The number of; is C. woman; A number of; is D. women; A number of; are用法详解名词用作定语时，通常用其单数形式。例如：a football player 一名足球运动员；many banana trees许多香蕉树但是常以复数形式出现的名词作定语时要用复数形式。例如：a sports meet一场运动会；a glasses store 一家眼镜店man，woman作定语时可以用单数和复数两种形式，须随所修饰名词的数而定。例如：a man doctor 一名男医生；two women teachers 两名女教师5、在特定的语境中考查名词词义中考引路1. Would you please pass me something to drink? What about some _? A. beef B. fish C. juice D. bread2. Mrs. Wang was sent to teach English in a poor mountain village last year. She said she would never forget some pleasant _while working there.A. experiments B. expressions C. experiences D. emotions练习一名词（可数名词与不可数名词、名词的复数形式、名词的所有格）典型题练习：l. -What a good _youve given me! Thanks a lot.-My pleasure. A. information B.news C.suggestion D.advice2. There are millions of websites on the Internet and there _a lot of useful_on the websites. A. are; informations B.are; information C.is; information D.is;informations3. -Can you imagine_great progress in your study with no plan? -lf you fail to plan, you plan to fail. Success doesnt happen like magic. A. to make B.making a C.making D.to make a4. The theme park is about _ ride from the museum. You should start out right now. A. two hour B. two hours C. two hours D. two hours5. He thought the painting was of little , so he let me have it for only ten pounds. . A. cost B. price C. value D. money6. -How soon shall we start the bicycle trip?-_ . A. In three days B. After three days C. In three days time D. After three days time7. British people eat _ a lot, and they are usually cooked in different ways. A. chicken B. beef C. fish D. potatoes8. The music made me think of the_ of a running stream. A. shout B. noise C. voice D. sound9. -Oh, my God! We have missed the last bus. What shall we do? -Im afraid we have no _ but to take a taxi. A. choice B. decision C. reason D. information10. -Could you tell me the _ of making such tasty cakes? -Well, I just follow the instructions in the cookbook. A. time B. method C. cost D. menu11. Could you take _ for these _? They are very beautiful. A. any photos; tomatoes B. some photos; tomatoes C. some photos; tomatos D. any photos; tomatos12. The two cities have reached an _ to develop science and technology. A. education B. excitement C. agreement D. invention13. Its your _ as a teacher to protect your students. A. duty B. hobby C. habit D. manner14. -Oh, dear! There isnt enough _ for us in the lift. -No hurry. Lets wait for the next. A. floor B. seat C. room D. ground15. -Judy, I guess you are only twenty-five years old, is that true? -Oh, its a _. A. suggestion B. secret C. reason D. problem16. Jennifer takes a lot of exercise every day and she is always full of_. A. knowledge B. energy C. change D. courage17. The students of Grade 7 visited Mikes farm and saw many _ there. A. bird B. duck C. sheep D. rabbit18. Im going to the supermarket to buy some _ this afternoon. A. paper and pencil B. apples and banana C. milk and eggs D. bowl and spoons19. -Why are you late, Jim? -Because there _ a lot of traffic when I came here. A. is B. are C. was D. were20. None of them talked. They finished their meal in _. A. silence B. order C. place D. public21. -Finding information is not a big deal today. -Well, the _ is how we can tell whether the information is useful or not. A. courage B. message C. challenge D. knowledge 以下为:根据句意, 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空22. The boy wanted to divide the apple into _ (half).23. The tall player doubts whether his weight affects his _ (foot)?24. Does the little boy look forward to acting as one of the _ (hero) in the game?25. Someone is burning the _ (leaf). We must stop him from doing so, for it will pollute the environment.26. The tourists are told that all Tibetans, male and female, carry_ (knife).27. How many _ (scarf) did you buy for your sisters?28. Take a look! A cat is chasing three_ (mouse) in the kitchen.29. Female (sheep) produce one or two lambs at a time.30. He is removing bits of food stuck between the (tooth) with a toothpick.31. Three fourths of the teachers in this school are _ (woman) teachers.32. Dont look at me like that! Im telling you the (true). 33. To get good grades in the exam, we should avoid (care). 34. They have just had a about where to spend their holidays. (discuss) The athlete Su Bingtian came third with a run of 9.99 seconds in the mens 100-metre race. He has become the (proud) of us Chinese.