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动词辨析.doc

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(完整word)动词辨析 动词 第一组:spend/ take /cost   ①spend的主语通常是“人”,即“某人在─花多少时间或金钱。”   例句:   1)The boy spends a lot of money.(in) playing computer games。(那个男孩花了很多钱玩电子游戏。)   2)She spent lots of money on books last year。(去年她花费很多钱在书本上。)   ②take前常以it作形式主语,作“做某事需要花多少时间。”   It takes +(人)+时间+   to do sth。   1)How long does it take you to finish the work?(你需要多少时间才能完成那工作?)   2)It took me an hour to repair my bike。   (我花了一个小时修理自行车.)   3)It takes a lot of courage to tell the truth.   (说真话需要很大的勇气。)   ③cost的主语通常是事物,即指   ①某物值多少钱②需要多少时间③某人花了多少钱④使(某人)(丧失)(事/物)+cost+(人)+时间/金钱   1)The watch cost me two hundred yuan.   (这块手表花了我200块钱.)   2)Writing a novel cost plenty of time。   (写本小说要花很多时间。)   3)The girl’s bad behavior cost her parents many sleepless nights。   (那个女孩的不良行为使得她的父母许多夜晚睡不着.)   注意:cost的过去式,过去分词都是cost。   第二组:speak/say/tell/talk   ①speak说某种语言,说某人好、坏话是及物动词;发表讲话,对某人说话,是不及物动词.   1)The students speak English very fluently.(这些学生英语说得非常流利。)   2)The Prime Minister spoke on the international situation。(首相就国际形势发表了演说。)   3)She always speaks ill of others.(她总是说别人的坏话。)   ②speak的习惯用语:   Generally speaking 一般而言   Frankly speaking 坦白地说   Strictly speaking 严格地说   not to speak of 且不说;更不用说   1)Generally speaking, man is stronger than woman.(一般而言,男人比女人强壮。)   2)We can speak English, not to speak of Chinese.(我们会读英语,汉语更不用说了。)   ③ ①tell说谎;讲故事;说实话   1)Don’t tell a lie.(不要说谎。)   2)She likes to tell stories.(她喜欢讲故事。)   3)We should always tell the truth。(我们应该永远说实话.)   ③ ②tell辨别;叫某人做某事;接“间接”与“直接”宾语;tell+宾语+that从句   1)Sometimes we can’t tell right from wrong。(有时我们无法辨别是非。)   ④talk连续地说话;习惯用法   1)What are the girls talking about ?(那些女孩们讲什么?)   2)Young people like to talk politics。(年青人喜欢谈论政治。)   3)I talked over the matter with her.(我与她谈论了那个问题。)   ④say说出某句话或某件事;后接从句,(但say与从句之间不能直接接人称代词或名词);说明时间;书信、布告报纸上的“说",习惯用法   1)She said ,“I love you。”(她说:“我爱你。”)   2)Say goodbye to them。(跟他们说再见。)   3)She says she is busy.(她说她很忙.)   4)My watch says 10:00 sharp。(我的表是十点整。)   5)The paper says that there was a big fire in Shanghai.(报上说上海发生了一场大火)。   6)It is said that she has been away for a month.(据说她已走了一个月了)   7)It goes without saying that education is important。(不用说,教育是重要的。)   8)Tom is a good student, that is to say, he gets good grades in school。(Tom是个好学生,也就是说,他在学校的成绩很好。)   第三组:take /bring/carry/fetch   ①take作“带去”“拿去”解;从近处把东西送到远处   例句:   1)She'll take her children to the park。(她要带孩子去公园.)   2)It’s raining, you'd better take an umbrella with you。(下雨了;你最好把雨伞带上.)   ②bring“拿来;带来”;从远处把东西拿到近外   1)Bring the dictionary to me.(把字典拿给我。)   2)Please bring your report with you when you come tomorrow.(明天你来的时候,请把你的报告带来。)   ③carry作“携带,带去;搬运”解   1)She always carries a red handbag。(她总是带一个红色手包。)   2)Please carry this TV set upstairs.(请把这台电视搬到楼上去。)   ④fetch作“去…取来,拿来;叫某人来”解   1)The football is over there. Fetch it please。(足球在那边呢,请把它拿回来。)   2)Fetch the police at once。 We’ve found the robber.(马上去叫警察来,我们已经发现那个抢劫的人。)   第四组:wear/put on/ dress   ①wear穿着,戴;留,表示“状态"是及物动词需加宾语   例句:   1)She always wears a pair of glasses.(她总是戴着一副眼镜。)   2)He wears a black jacket today。(今天他穿着一件黑色的夹克。)   ②put on穿上,戴上,表示“动作"   例句:   1)The teacher put on his hat and went out of the office。(老师戴上帽子然后走出办公室。)   2)Put on the gloves .It’s cold outside.(戴上手套外面很凉。)   ③dress作“穿着…的衣服"解;给某人穿衣服不用写衣服   例句:   1)She is dressed in red.(她穿着红衣服。)   2)The mother dresses the child every day。(那位母亲每天给孩子穿衣服。)此句不能加衣服。   3)She dresses herself in red。(此句等于第一个例句。)   第五组:do /make   ①do“做”主要是用来表示“行动”“行为”,如do omelets是“把蛋卷煎好”。在do后面常加一些抽象名词,如do wrong(犯错)。“wrong”是抽象名词常与do搭配的短语有:   ①do one’s   ②do (the) some   ③do sb。 a favor帮人忙   ④do with利用;忍受;需要   ⑤do away with废除   ⑥do without用不着;不需要   ⑦have   ⑧do sb.   ⑨do nothing but do除了做…以外什么也没做   ⑩do business做生意   例句:   1)I’ll do the dishes today。   (今天我来洗盘子。)   2)I’ve done my homework。   (我已经做完了作业.)   3)Crying does harm to you.   (哭对你没有益处。)   4)Will you do me a favor?   (能否帮我一个忙?)   5)We cannot do without a telephone in our business。(我们做生意没有电话是不行的。)   6)The new teacher didn’t know what to do with the class.(新老师不知道如何对待他班上的学生。)   7)I did nothing but watch TV last night。(昨晚我除了看电视以外什么也没有做。)   8)Who does your hair?(平常是谁给你做头发的?)   ②make“作”,表示“制造”,其后的宾语是make的产品。如make clothes 制做衣服;make后常跟一些可数名词常与make动词搭配的短语有:   ①make a   ②make an   ③make   ④make   例句:   1) They have make great progress in learning English。(在学习英语方面他们已经取得了很大的进步。)   2)Who is going to make a speech today?(今天谁来演说?)   3)Don’t make a noise.嘘!(不要出声。)   4)She makes her living as a teacher.(她作教师来维持生计。)   第六组:lie/lay/lie   1)lie不及物动词,躺;位于   lie—lay—lain-lying   例句:①Shanghai lies to the south of Beijing。(上海位于北京的南方。)   ②She has lain in bed for three days。(她已经在床上躺了三天了。)   2)lay及物动词,放置;下蛋   lay-laid-laid—laying   例句:①These hens lay eggs every day.(这些鸡每天下蛋。)   ②He laid his hand on my shoulder。(他把手放在我的肩上。)   ③lie不及物动词,说谎   lie—lied—lied—lying   例句:①Don’t lie to me。(别骗我.)   ②She lies about her career.(她编造她的经历。)   第七组:hear/listen to   ①hear听;是一种“自然无意的动作。”hear of听说过hear from得到消息   例句:The deaf cannot hear。   (聋子听不见。)   ②listen是一种“有意的动作。”如后面有宾语则需加to;如没有宾语,listen后不可加to。   例句:①Listen, somebody is crying.(听,有人在哭.)   ②I listened but heard nothing.(我注意听了,但没听见什么。)   ③Listen to me。(听我说。)   第八组:sit/set/seat   ①sit不及物动;坐;就座;   sit—sat—sat—sitting   例句:①He sat at the table writing a letter.(他坐在书桌旁写信。)   ②Sit here until she comes back.(坐在这里等她回来。)   ③set安置;下沉;点燃;出考题;定时;树立(榜样)   set—set-set—setting   例句:①Tom, set the table for dinner.(Tom,摆好桌子准备吃饭。)   ②He set the alarm for 6:00 in the morning.(他把闹钟定在早晨6点钟。)   ③My teacher set very difficult questions for the exam.(我们老师试题出得非常难。)   ④The sun rises in the east and sets in the west。(太阳从东方升起从西方落下。)   ③seat使坐;容纳   seat—seated—seated-seating   例句:①)The theater can seat at least 2000 people。(这家戏院至少能容纳2000人。)   ②Please be seated。(请坐下。)此句等于Sit down please.   ③He seated himself next to her.(他坐在她的旁边。)   第九组:rise/raise/arise/arouse/rouse   1)rise(太阳、月亮)升起,起来;(物价)上涨;(水)高涨   rise—rose-risen—rising   例句:①Everyone knows that the sun rises in the east.   (每人都知道太阳是从东方升起。)   ②Prices have risen quickly。   (物价快速上涨了。)   ③She rose to her feet。   (她站了起来。)   2)raise举起;养育;募款   raise-raised—raised-raising   例句:①Raise your hand please.(请你把手举起来.)   ②The farmer raises a lot of sheep on his farm。(这位农民在农场养了许多绵羊。)   ③They are raising founds for the expedition.(他们正在筹募探险的基金。)   ④arise(问题、困难)发生、产生、出现;起(风、雾)   arise—arose—arisen-arising   例句:①A strong wind arose this morning.(今天早上刮起强风。)   ②A different problem has arisen。(不同的问题发生了。)   ③A mist arose from the lake.(湖上起雾了。)   ④arouse通常表示比喻或情绪方面的“激发”   arouse─aroused─aroused─arousing   例句:①The book aroused my interest in learning English。(这本书引起我对学习英语感兴趣。)   ②The speaker aroused the anger of the audience。(演讲者激起了听众的怒气.)   ③rouse通常表示比较具体的“叫醒”或“唤醒”   rouse─roused─roused─rousing   例句:①The sound roused him from reflection。(声音使他从深思中惊醒。)   ②The lies he heard about his friend roused his anger.(听到有人对他朋友造谣,使他怒火中烧。)   第十组:lend/借出borrow   1)lend+人+物=lend+物+to+人   例如:①Please lend me your dictionary。=Please lend your dictionary to me。(请把你的字典借给我。)   ②I will lend you $200, but I can’t lend money to him。(我借给你200美元,但我不能借钱给他。)   borrow借入   borrow+物+from+人   ①She has borrowed a lot of books from the school library。(她已从学校的图书馆借了很多书。)   ②He often borrows money from me.(他经常从我这儿借钱。)   第十一组:fall/feel/fell/fail/   fall─fell─fallen落下;跌倒   fall asleep睡着/fall behind落后   例句:①An apple fell to the ground.(一个苹果落在地上.)   ②Be careful on the ice or you will fall。(在冰上要小心,否则你会跌倒。)   feel─felt─felt   feel like+doing sth。想要;   feel sleepy。想睡   例句:①Can you feel your heart beat violently?(你能感觉到你的心在猛烈地跳动吗?)   ②Both my legs didn’t feel.(我的双腿没有感觉.)   ③I suddenly felt a pain in my back。(我突然感到背部疼痛。)   ④Do you feel like taking a walk?(你想不想去散步?)   fell─felled─felled砍伐   例句:A lot of trees were felled last night.(昨晚很多树被人伐倒了.)   fail─failed─failed失败   例句:He has failed in English exam again.(他英语考试又没及格。)   第十二组:win/beat   win─won─won   win a prize得到奖品win a war打了胜仗   win a game赢得比赛win an election选举获胜   例句:①Our team won the same 3 to 2 last night。(昨晚我们队以3比2赢了比赛。)   ②Who do you think will win the beauty contest?(你认为那场选美谁会获胜?)   ③beat─beat─beaten   beat是打败了对手   例句:①He beat me in the race。(他在赛跑中赢了我.)   ②We have beaten their team for 3 years.(我们已连续3年打败他们的球队。)   ③My heart beat fast at the sight of her。(一看见她,我的心跳就加快。)   第十三组:cure/recover/restore/heal   1)cure—-cured——cured 治疗(疾病)   物+cure+人+of+病=人+be cured of+病   例句:①This medicine will cure your headache。(这种药会治好你的头痛病。)   ②The doctor cured her of a cold。(医生医好了她的感冒.)   ③She was cured of her disease。(她的痛被治好了。)   2)recover-—recovered——recovered   恢复(健康);痊愈;复元与from连用   例句:①After a few days’ rest, she has recovered her health.(休息几天后,她已恢复健康。)   ②They haven’t recovered from the shock yet。(他们还未从那次打击中恢复过来。)   3)restore-—restored——restored   使…恢复健康;修复;重建   例句:①The doctor restored the girl to health.(医生恢复了那个女孩的健康。)   =The girl was restored to health。   ②The workers have already restored the ruined temple.(工人们已修复了这座毁坏的寺庙。)   4)heal-—healed——healed   主要指伤口的治愈;消除;平息.   例句:①His wound is not yet healed.(他的伤口尚未痊愈.)   ②Time heals all broken hearts。(时间可以消除一切忧伤。)   第十四组:reach/arrive/get to   1)reach-—reached——reached   及物动词到达,不加to等分词。   例句:They will reach Shanghai tonight.(今晚他们将抵达上海。)   2)arrive——arrived-—arrived   不及物动词到达,加介词in(大地方)at小地方。   例句:①I’ll phone you when I arrive in New York.(我到纽约后会给你电话.)   ②What time will they arrive at the airport?   (他们什么时候会到达机场?)   3)get--got——gotten(got)   不及物动词需加上to加上地点表示到达,但接地点副词时不加to。   例句:①What time does the train get to Beijing?(火车什么时间到达北京?)   ②When I set to Japan, I’ll write to you。(我到了日本就给你写信.)   ③They got home safely.(他们平安到家.)   注①:此处home是副词不能加to。   注②:“到达”reach=arrive at (in)=get to   到达上海   到达家/这里/那里   第十五组:hang/hang   1)hang——hanged——hanged   及物动词吊死;处(人)绞刑;上吊。   例句:①He hanged himself last week。(上星期他上吊自杀了。)   ②The man was hanged for murder。(那个男子因谋杀罪被处绞刑.)   hang——hung——hung   及物动词把…挂上;把…吊起。   例句:①She hung curtains over the windows。(她把窗帘挂上窗上.)   ②A picture is hung on the wall.(墙上挂着一幅画。)   第十六组:affect/effect   1)affect-—affected——affected   及物动词对…影响,感动(人的)心,使感动   例句:①The noise from the street affected our study.   (马路上的噪音影响我们学习.)   ②Her story affected us deeply。   (她的故事深深地打动我们的心.)   2)effect——effected——effected   及物动词使产生;实现…(目的),造成…(结果)   effect很少作动词用,通常只跟change连用。   例句①It will effect, no change of importance。   (不会引起重大的变化。)   第十七组:thank/appreciate   1)thank——thanked—-thanked   感谢,后接人   例句:①You don't have to thank me。(你不必向我道谢.)   ②She thanked me for my help.(她感谢我帮忙。)   appreciate——appreciated——appreciated   感激;欣赏,后接事或物   例句:①I greatly appreciate your help.(我很感激你的帮助。)   ②She doesn’t appreciate good English poetry.(她不会欣赏好的英语诗歌。)   第十八组:choose/select/elect/pick out   1)choose--chose-—chosen   挑选;选拔;选择,指凭自己的判断力在人或物中进行挑选,而不强调精选。   例句:①I’d like to choose a new tie for me.(我想给自己挑一条新领带。)   ②I want to choose her a nice present.(我想要挑选一份精美的礼物送给她。)   ③The football players chose him as their team leader.(足球队员们选他当队长。)   2)select精选;挑选;选定,强调慎重考虑后的选择.   例句:①The farmer taught us how to select seeds.(这位农民教我们如何选种。)   ②She was selected from among many applicants.(她是从许多报名者中选拔出来的.)   ③Have you read selected works of Lu Xun?(你读过《鲁迅选集》吗?)   3)elect选举;推选   例句:①We elected her monitor.(我们推选她为班长。)   ②We elected him mayor.(我们选他为市长。)   ③pick out 认出;挑出;挑选;多用口语   例句:①I picked out an old friend in a crowd.(我从人群中认出了一位老朋友。)   ②She picked out the shoes that match the dress。(她选出搭配那件衣服的鞋子。)   第十九组:join/join in/take part in/attend   1)join及物动词加入(团体,组织,参军)、同……一起干或玩、连接   例句:①I joined the Party in 1975。(我1975年入党。)   ②His brother joined the army two years ago。(两年前他哥哥参军.)   ③They are planning to join the two towns by a railway.(他们在计划用一条铁路把两个镇连接起来。)   2)join in 参加(某些活动)   例句:①May I join in your discussion?(我可以参加你们的讨论吗?)   ②Many people join in the game every year。(每年许多人参加这个游戏活动。)   ③He joined in the work without a second thought.(他未加思索地参加了那项工作。)   3)take part in 参加(群众性活动,会议等)参加者持积极态度,起一份作用。   例句:①A lot of students took part in the thorough cleaning yesterday.(昨天许多学生参加大扫除。)   ②A lot of college students took part in the movement last year。   (去年很多大学生参加了那个运动.)   4)attend 出席,参加,到场;上学   例句:①Did you attend the meeting last week?   (上星期你出席会议了吗?)   ②He was ill so he didn't attend his classes。   (他生病了,所以没上学.)   注意:attend的词语搭配   attend a ceremony 参加典礼   attend a funeral 参加葬礼   attend a lecture 听演讲   attend a concert 听音乐会   attend church 上教堂   第二十组:beat/hit/strike   1)beat——beat——beaten(连续地)打;击败;(心)跳动   例句:①My heart is beating fast。(我的心跳得很快。)   ②They beat us in the match。(在这次比赛中,他们把我们击败了。)   ③The rain was beating on the windows.(雨点敲打着窗子。)   2)hit 打;击中;想出(后接on)   例句:①The football hit him in the eye。(足球打在他的眼睛上了。)   ②He hit on a good idea。(他想出了一个好主意。)   ③He hit his head hard on the floor when he fell down.(当他倒下时,头重重地碰到地板上。)   3)strike-—struck——struck   打;敲;打动(心);擦(火柴);报时;突然想到,用途较广.   例句:①Strike while the iron is hot。(趁热打铁。)   ②Don’t strike the man with a stick.(不要用棒子打那个男人.)
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