动词辨析.doc

(完整word)动词辨析动词第一组：spend/ take /costspend的主语通常是“人”,即“某人在花多少时间或金钱。”例句:1)The boy spends a lot of money.（in） playing computer games。（那个男孩花了很多钱玩电子游戏。）2)She spent lots of money on books last year。（去年她花费很多钱在书本上。)take前常以it作形式主语，作“做某事需要花多少时间。”It takes +(人)+时间+to do sth。1)How long does it take you to finish the work？(你需要多少时间才能完成那工作？）2)It took me an hour to repair my bike。（我花了一个小时修理自行车.）3)It takes a lot of courage to tell the truth.(说真话需要很大的勇气。）cost的主语通常是事物，即指某物值多少钱需要多少时间某人花了多少钱使（某人)（丧失）(事/物）+cost+（人)+时间/金钱1）The watch cost me two hundred yuan.(这块手表花了我200块钱.)2)Writing a novel cost plenty of time。(写本小说要花很多时间。)3）The girls bad behavior cost her parents many sleepless nights。(那个女孩的不良行为使得她的父母许多夜晚睡不着.）注意:cost的过去式，过去分词都是cost。第二组：speak/say/tell/talkspeak说某种语言，说某人好、坏话是及物动词；发表讲话，对某人说话，是不及物动词.1）The students speak English very fluently.(这些学生英语说得非常流利。）2）The Prime Minister spoke on the international situation。（首相就国际形势发表了演说。)3)She always speaks ill of others.（她总是说别人的坏话。)speak的习惯用语：Generally speaking 一般而言Frankly speaking 坦白地说Strictly speaking 严格地说not to speak of 且不说;更不用说1）Generally speaking, man is stronger than woman.(一般而言，男人比女人强壮。)2)We can speak English, not to speak of Chinese.(我们会读英语，汉语更不用说了。） tell说谎;讲故事；说实话1)Dont tell a lie.(不要说谎。)2)She likes to tell stories.(她喜欢讲故事。)3）We should always tell the truth。（我们应该永远说实话.) tell辨别；叫某人做某事；接“间接”与“直接”宾语；tell+宾语+that从句1)Sometimes we cant tell right from wrong。（有时我们无法辨别是非。）talk连续地说话；习惯用法1）What are the girls talking about ?（那些女孩们讲什么?)2)Young people like to talk politics。（年青人喜欢谈论政治。)3)I talked over the matter with her.(我与她谈论了那个问题。)say说出某句话或某件事；后接从句，(但say与从句之间不能直接接人称代词或名词);说明时间；书信、布告报纸上的“说,习惯用法1)She said ,“I love you。”（她说：“我爱你。”)2）Say goodbye to them。(跟他们说再见。）3)She says she is busy.（她说她很忙.)4）My watch says 10:00 sharp。(我的表是十点整。）5)The paper says that there was a big fire in Shanghai.(报上说上海发生了一场大火)。6）It is said that she has been away for a month.(据说她已走了一个月了）7)It goes without saying that education is important。(不用说，教育是重要的。）8)Tom is a good student， that is to say, he gets good grades in school。（Tom是个好学生，也就是说，他在学校的成绩很好。)第三组:take /bring/carry/fetchtake作“带去”“拿去”解；从近处把东西送到远处例句：1）Shell take her children to the park。（她要带孩子去公园.）2)Its raining， youd better take an umbrella with you。(下雨了；你最好把雨伞带上.）bring“拿来；带来”;从远处把东西拿到近外1)Bring the dictionary to me.（把字典拿给我。）2）Please bring your report with you when you come tomorrow.（明天你来的时候，请把你的报告带来。)carry作“携带,带去；搬运”解1）She always carries a red handbag。(她总是带一个红色手包。）2）Please carry this TV set upstairs.（请把这台电视搬到楼上去。)fetch作“去取来,拿来；叫某人来”解1）The football is over there. Fetch it please。(足球在那边呢,请把它拿回来。）2)Fetch the police at once。 Weve found the robber.(马上去叫警察来,我们已经发现那个抢劫的人。）第四组：wear/put on/ dresswear穿着，戴;留，表示“状态是及物动词需加宾语例句:1）She always wears a pair of glasses.（她总是戴着一副眼镜。）2)He wears a black jacket today。（今天他穿着一件黑色的夹克。)put on穿上,戴上，表示“动作例句：1）The teacher put on his hat and went out of the office。（老师戴上帽子然后走出办公室。）2）Put on the gloves .Its cold outside.(戴上手套外面很凉。）dress作“穿着的衣服解；给某人穿衣服不用写衣服例句:1)She is dressed in red.(她穿着红衣服。）2)The mother dresses the child every day。(那位母亲每天给孩子穿衣服。）此句不能加衣服。3）She dresses herself in red。(此句等于第一个例句。)第五组：do /makedo“做”主要是用来表示“行动”“行为”，如do omelets是“把蛋卷煎好”。在do后面常加一些抽象名词，如do wrong（犯错）。“wrong”是抽象名词常与do搭配的短语有：do onesdo (the) somedo sb。 a favor帮人忙do with利用;忍受;需要do away with废除do without用不着；不需要havedo sb.do nothing but do除了做以外什么也没做do business做生意例句：1）Ill do the dishes today。（今天我来洗盘子。）2）Ive done my homework。（我已经做完了作业.）3）Crying does harm to you.（哭对你没有益处。)4）Will you do me a favor?（能否帮我一个忙?)5)We cannot do without a telephone in our business。（我们做生意没有电话是不行的。)6）The new teacher didnt know what to do with the class.(新老师不知道如何对待他班上的学生。）7)I did nothing but watch TV last night。(昨晚我除了看电视以外什么也没有做。）8)Who does your hair?（平常是谁给你做头发的？）make“作”,表示“制造”，其后的宾语是make的产品。如make clothes 制做衣服；make后常跟一些可数名词常与make动词搭配的短语有：make amake anmakemake例句：1) They have make great progress in learning English。(在学习英语方面他们已经取得了很大的进步。）2)Who is going to make a speech today？（今天谁来演说?)3）Dont make a noise.嘘！(不要出声。)4)She makes her living as a teacher.(她作教师来维持生计。)第六组：lie/lay/lie1）lie不及物动词，躺；位于lielaylain-lying例句:Shanghai lies to the south of Beijing。（上海位于北京的南方。)She has lain in bed for three days。（她已经在床上躺了三天了。）2）lay及物动词，放置；下蛋lay-laid-laidlaying例句：These hens lay eggs every day.(这些鸡每天下蛋。)He laid his hand on my shoulder。(他把手放在我的肩上。)lie不及物动词，说谎lieliedliedlying例句：Dont lie to me。（别骗我.)She lies about her career.（她编造她的经历。)第七组:hear/listen tohear听；是一种“自然无意的动作。”hear of听说过hear from得到消息例句：The deaf cannot hear。(聋子听不见。）listen是一种“有意的动作。”如后面有宾语则需加to；如没有宾语,listen后不可加to。例句：Listen， somebody is crying.（听，有人在哭.）I listened but heard nothing.(我注意听了，但没听见什么。)Listen to me。（听我说。）第八组：sit/set/seatsit不及物动；坐；就座;sitsatsatsitting例句：He sat at the table writing a letter.（他坐在书桌旁写信。）Sit here until she comes back.(坐在这里等她回来。)set安置；下沉;点燃；出考题;定时;树立(榜样)setset-setsetting例句：Tom， set the table for dinner.(Tom，摆好桌子准备吃饭。)He set the alarm for 6:00 in the morning.(他把闹钟定在早晨6点钟。）My teacher set very difficult questions for the exam.(我们老师试题出得非常难。）The sun rises in the east and sets in the west。(太阳从东方升起从西方落下。)seat使坐;容纳seatseatedseated-seating例句:)The theater can seat at least 2000 people。（这家戏院至少能容纳2000人。)Please be seated。(请坐下。）此句等于Sit down please.He seated himself next to her.（他坐在她的旁边。)第九组：rise/raise/arise/arouse/rouse1)rise（太阳、月亮)升起，起来;（物价)上涨;（水)高涨riserose-risenrising例句：Everyone knows that the sun rises in the east.(每人都知道太阳是从东方升起。）Prices have risen quickly。（物价快速上涨了。)She rose to her feet。(她站了起来。)2）raise举起;养育;募款raise-raisedraised-raising例句：Raise your hand please.(请你把手举起来.）The farmer raises a lot of sheep on his farm。(这位农民在农场养了许多绵羊。)They are raising founds for the expedition.(他们正在筹募探险的基金。）arise（问题、困难)发生、产生、出现；起（风、雾)arisearosearisen-arising例句：A strong wind arose this morning.（今天早上刮起强风。)A different problem has arisen。（不同的问题发生了。)A mist arose from the lake.（湖上起雾了。)arouse通常表示比喻或情绪方面的“激发”arousearousedarousedarousing例句:The book aroused my interest in learning English。（这本书引起我对学习英语感兴趣。)The speaker aroused the anger of the audience。（演讲者激起了听众的怒气.）rouse通常表示比较具体的“叫醒”或“唤醒”rouserousedrousedrousing例句：The sound roused him from reflection。(声音使他从深思中惊醒。)The lies he heard about his friend roused his anger.（听到有人对他朋友造谣,使他怒火中烧。)第十组：lend/借出borrow1）lend+人+物=lend+物+to+人例如：Please lend me your dictionary。=Please lend your dictionary to me。（请把你的字典借给我。）I will lend you 200, but I cant lend money to him。(我借给你200美元,但我不能借钱给他。)borrow借入borrow+物+from+人She has borrowed a lot of books from the school library。(她已从学校的图书馆借了很多书。）He often borrows money from me.（他经常从我这儿借钱。）第十一组:fall/feel/fell/fail/fallfellfallen落下；跌倒fall asleep睡着/fall behind落后例句：An apple fell to the ground.(一个苹果落在地上.）Be careful on the ice or you will fall。（在冰上要小心，否则你会跌倒。）feelfeltfeltfeel like+doing sth。想要；feel sleepy。想睡例句：Can you feel your heart beat violently?(你能感觉到你的心在猛烈地跳动吗？）Both my legs didnt feel.(我的双腿没有感觉.）I suddenly felt a pain in my back。（我突然感到背部疼痛。）Do you feel like taking a walk?(你想不想去散步?）fellfelledfelled砍伐例句:A lot of trees were felled last night.（昨晚很多树被人伐倒了.)failfailedfailed失败例句：He has failed in English exam again.（他英语考试又没及格。）第十二组:win/beatwinwonwonwin a prize得到奖品win a war打了胜仗win a game赢得比赛win an election选举获胜例句:Our team won the same 3 to 2 last night。(昨晚我们队以3比2赢了比赛。）Who do you think will win the beauty contest?（你认为那场选美谁会获胜？)beatbeatbeatenbeat是打败了对手例句：He beat me in the race。(他在赛跑中赢了我.）We have beaten their team for 3 years.（我们已连续3年打败他们的球队。）My heart beat fast at the sight of her。（一看见她，我的心跳就加快。)第十三组：cure/recover/restore/heal1)cure-curedcured 治疗(疾病）物+cure+人+of+病=人+be cured of+病例句：This medicine will cure your headache。（这种药会治好你的头痛病。)The doctor cured her of a cold。（医生医好了她的感冒.)She was cured of her disease。(她的痛被治好了。)2)recover-recoveredrecovered恢复（健康)；痊愈；复元与from连用例句：After a few days rest, she has recovered her health.(休息几天后，她已恢复健康。）They havent recovered from the shock yet。（他们还未从那次打击中恢复过来。）3）restore-restoredrestored使恢复健康；修复；重建例句：The doctor restored the girl to health.（医生恢复了那个女孩的健康。)=The girl was restored to health。The workers have already restored the ruined temple.(工人们已修复了这座毁坏的寺庙。)4)heal-healedhealed主要指伤口的治愈；消除；平息.例句：His wound is not yet healed.（他的伤口尚未痊愈.)Time heals all broken hearts。(时间可以消除一切忧伤。)第十四组：reach/arrive/get to1）reach-reachedreached及物动词到达,不加to等分词。例句：They will reach Shanghai tonight.(今晚他们将抵达上海。）2）arrivearrived-arrived不及物动词到达，加介词in(大地方）at小地方。例句：Ill phone you when I arrive in New York.(我到纽约后会给你电话.)What time will they arrive at the airport？(他们什么时候会到达机场?)3）get-gotgotten（got）不及物动词需加上to加上地点表示到达，但接地点副词时不加to。例句：What time does the train get to Beijing？(火车什么时间到达北京?）When I set to Japan， Ill write to you。（我到了日本就给你写信.)They got home safely.(他们平安到家.）注:此处home是副词不能加to。注：“到达”reach=arrive at （in)=get to到达上海到达家/这里/那里第十五组：hang/hang1）hanghangedhanged及物动词吊死；处（人）绞刑；上吊。例句:He hanged himself last week。(上星期他上吊自杀了。)The man was hanged for murder。(那个男子因谋杀罪被处绞刑.）hanghunghung及物动词把挂上;把吊起。例句:She hung curtains over the windows。（她把窗帘挂上窗上.）A picture is hung on the wall.（墙上挂着一幅画。)第十六组：affect/effect1）affect-affectedaffected及物动词对影响，感动(人的）心,使感动例句：The noise from the street affected our study.（马路上的噪音影响我们学习.)Her story affected us deeply。（她的故事深深地打动我们的心.)2）effecteffectedeffected及物动词使产生；实现(目的),造成(结果）effect很少作动词用,通常只跟change连用。例句It will effect, no change of importance。（不会引起重大的变化。)第十七组：thank/appreciate1）thankthanked-thanked感谢，后接人例句:You dont have to thank me。(你不必向我道谢.）She thanked me for my help.（她感谢我帮忙。）appreciateappreciatedappreciated感激；欣赏，后接事或物例句：I greatly appreciate your help.（我很感激你的帮助。）She doesnt appreciate good English poetry.(她不会欣赏好的英语诗歌。）第十八组：choose/select/elect/pick out1)choose-chose-chosen挑选；选拔；选择，指凭自己的判断力在人或物中进行挑选,而不强调精选。例句:Id like to choose a new tie for me.（我想给自己挑一条新领带。)I want to choose her a nice present.(我想要挑选一份精美的礼物送给她。）The football players chose him as their team leader.（足球队员们选他当队长。）2)select精选;挑选；选定，强调慎重考虑后的选择.例句：The farmer taught us how to select seeds.（这位农民教我们如何选种。）She was selected from among many applicants.（她是从许多报名者中选拔出来的.)Have you read selected works of Lu Xun?（你读过鲁迅选集吗？）3）elect选举;推选例句：We elected her monitor.(我们推选她为班长。)We elected him mayor.（我们选他为市长。）pick out 认出;挑出；挑选；多用口语例句:I picked out an old friend in a crowd.（我从人群中认出了一位老朋友。）She picked out the shoes that match the dress。（她选出搭配那件衣服的鞋子。）第十九组：join/join in/take part in/attend1）join及物动词加入（团体,组织，参军)、同一起干或玩、连接例句：I joined the Party in 1975。（我1975年入党。)His brother joined the army two years ago。(两年前他哥哥参军.)They are planning to join the two towns by a railway.（他们在计划用一条铁路把两个镇连接起来。)2）join in 参加（某些活动)例句：May I join in your discussion？(我可以参加你们的讨论吗？）Many people join in the game every year。（每年许多人参加这个游戏活动。)He joined in the work without a second thought.（他未加思索地参加了那项工作。)3）take part in 参加（群众性活动，会议等）参加者持积极态度,起一份作用。例句:A lot of students took part in the thorough cleaning yesterday.(昨天许多学生参加大扫除。）A lot of college students took part in the movement last year。（去年很多大学生参加了那个运动.）4）attend 出席，参加，到场;上学例句：Did you attend the meeting last week?(上星期你出席会议了吗?）He was ill so he didnt attend his classes。（他生病了，所以没上学.)注意：attend的词语搭配attend a ceremony 参加典礼attend a funeral 参加葬礼attend a lecture 听演讲attend a concert 听音乐会attend church 上教堂第二十组：beat/hit/strike1）beatbeatbeaten（连续地)打;击败；（心）跳动例句：My heart is beating fast。（我的心跳得很快。）They beat us in the match。(在这次比赛中，他们把我们击败了。）The rain was beating on the windows.（雨点敲打着窗子。）2)hit 打;击中;想出（后接on）例句：The football hit him in the eye。(足球打在他的眼睛上了。)He hit on a good idea。(他想出了一个好主意。)He hit his head hard on the floor when he fell down.（当他倒下时,头重重地碰到地板上。）3）strike-struckstruck打；敲;打动(心)；擦(火柴)；报时;突然想到，用途较广.例句：Strike while the iron is hot。（趁热打铁。)Dont strike the man with a stick.(不要用棒子打那个男人.)