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五年级语法
There be 句型与have, has
There be 句型与have, has的区别
1、there be句型与have(has) 的区别:
there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。
There be 句型是客观存在的“有”,表示在某地有某物(或人),是一种存在关系。
eg:There is a book on the desk.
Have/has 指的是主观上的“拥有,持有”,表示某人拥有某物,是一种所属关系。
Eg: I have a book.
2、在there be 句型中,there 只起到引导作用,并无实际意义。句中真正主语是谓语动词be后面的名词。Be动词有人称,数和时态的变化:主语是单数,be 动词用is ; 主语是复数,be 动词用are 。
3.如有几件物品,be 动词根据最近be 动词的那个名词决定(就近原则)。
4、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首,肯定回答:Yes, there is/are. 否定回答:No,there isn’t/aren’t.
5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用:some 用于肯定句,any 用于否定句或疑问句。
6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用:and 用于肯定句, or 用于否定句或疑问句。
7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:
How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语?
How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语?
8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是: What’s + 介词短语?
练习:Fill in the blank with “have,has”or “there is , there are”
1. I________a good father and a good mother.
2. ____________a telephone on the desk.
3. He_________a tape-recorder.
4. _____________a basketball in the playground.
5. She__________some dresses.
6. They___________a nice garden.
7. What do you___________?
8. ______________a reading-room in the building?
9. What does Mike___________?
10. ______________any books in the bookcase?
11. My father_________a story-book.
12. _______________a story-book on the table.
13. _______________any flowers in the vase?
14. How many students____________in the classroom?
15. My parents___________some nice pictures.
16. _____________some soup on the table.
17. ______________a map of the world on the wall.
18. David__________a telescope.
19. David’s friends___________some tents.
20. ______________many children on the hill.
Fill in the blank with “ have, has ”
1. I_________ a nice puppet.
2. He_________a good friend.
3. They__________ some masks.
4. We___________some flowers.
5. She___________ a duck.
6. My father____________ a new bike.
7. Her mother___________a vase.
8. Our teacher_________ an English book.
9. Our teachers___________a basketball.
10. Their parents___________some blankets
11. Nancy_________many skirts.
12. David__________some jackets.
13. My friends__________a football.
14. What do you__________?
15. What does Mike__________?
16. What do your friends___________?
17. What does Helen___________?
18. His brother________a basketball.
19. Her sister_________a nice doll.
20. Miss Li__________an English book.
改为否定句:
There is some milk in the bottle.
_______________________________________________________________________________
填be动词。
There _____ a book and two pens on the desk.
There _____ two pens and a book on the desk.
Be 动词
Be动词是动词的一种,其中“am,is,are”用于一般现在时。Be动词在句中不能单独作谓语,多与后面的名词或形容词等构成系表结构。
Be动词的使用口诀:
我用am,你用are,is跟着他她它。单数is,复数are。
用be动词填空。
1. This bed _____ too soft.
2. Where _____ the cakes?
3. There ______ three beds and a chair in the room.
4. There ______ a book and a pen on the chair.
5. My sister and I _______ in the same class.
6. Two and five _____ seven.
7. There ______ a lot of sheep on the farm.
8. Who _____ singing in the room? Liuhua is.
9. There _____ some water in the bottle.
10. He can _____ a teacher.
语法及练习4 一般现在时
一般现在时基本用法介绍
一般现在时的概念
表示经常、反复发生的动作或现在存在的状态。
一般现在时的标志词:
频率副词:
Always, usually, often, sometimes,
时间状语:
Every…
一般现在时的构成
1. be动词:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如:I am a boy.我是一个男孩。
2.行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如:We study English.我们学习英语。
当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。
一般现在时的变化
1. 否定句:
有be动词,be动词后+not
有情态动词,情态动词后+not
有动词,借助动词do/does后+not
2. 一般疑问句:
有be动词,be动词提前
有情态动词,情态动词提前
有动词,借助动词do/does提前
3.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
一般现在时用法专练:
一、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
1. He often ________(have) dinner at home.
2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One.
3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday.
4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.
5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup?
6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays?
7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day?
8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays.
9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening.
10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle.
11. Mike _______(like) cooking.
12. They _______(have) the same hobby.
13. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully.
14. You always _______(do) your homework well.
15. I _______(be) ill. I’m staying in bed.
16. She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday.
17. Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE.
18. The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening.
19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight lessons this term.
20. -What day _______(be) it today? - It’s Saturday.
二、按照要求改写句子。
1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句) __________________________________________________________________
2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答) __________________________________________________________________
3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句,作肯定回答)
__________________________________________________________________
4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答) __________________________________________________________________
5. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句) _________________________________________________________________
6. He speaks English very well.(改为否定句) __________________________________________________________________
7. I like taking photos in the park.(对划线部分提问) __________________________________________________________________
8. John comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问) __________________________________________________________________
9. She is always a good student.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答) __________________________________________________________________
10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改为否定句) __________________________________________________________________
三、改错(划出错误的地方,将正确的写在横线上)
1. Is your brother speak English? ________________________________
2. Does he likes going fishing? __________________________________
3. He likes play games after class. ______________________________
4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. _____________________________________
5. She don’t do her homework on Sundays. ________________________
动词三单的变化规则
1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks
2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies
练习: 写出下列动词的第三人称单数
drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________
look _________ have_______ pass_______ carry ________
come________ watch______ plant_______ fly _________
study_______ brush________ do_________ teach_______
wash_______
二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
1. He often ________(have) dinner at home.
2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One.
3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday.
4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.
5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup?
6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays?
7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day?
8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays.
9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening.
10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle.
11. Mike _______(like) cooking.
12. They _______(have) the same hobby.
13. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully.
14. You always _______(do) your homework well.
15. I _______(be) ill. I’m staying in bed.
16. She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday.
17. Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE.
18. The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening.
19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight lessons this term.
20. -What day _______(be) it today?
- It’s Saturday
第三人称单数主语
1. 人称代词he,she,it
2. 单个人名,地名或称呼
3. 单数可数名词或“this、that+可数名词单数”
4. 不定代词someone,somebody,nobody,everything,something 及指示代词this,that
名词
一.名词分类。
名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名词有单数和复数之分。
二.可数名词复数规则
1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2.以s. x. sh. Ch和部分O结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, watch-watches
Photo-photos,
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families,strawberry-strawberries
4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives
5.单复同型:
fish-fish, deer-deer, sheep-sheep, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
6.不规则名词复数:
改变中间的原因字母:man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, foot-feet,tooth-teeth
词尾加-en或-ren:child-children ,ox-oxen
不规则:mouse-mice
三.不可数名词
不可数名词主要是物质名词和抽象名词。不可数名词没有复数形式,也不能与a,an连用。
四.不可数名词量的表示方法
1.用some, much, a little, a lot of, lots of等表示多少。
2.用量词表示:在表示“一”个数量概念时用a cup of, a bottle of, a glass of等,若要表达两个或两个以上得概念,量词用复数,不可数不变,eg: two cups of tea
练习:写出下列各词的复数。
I _________ him _________this _______ her ______ watch _______ book_______ bus______ Chinese________ a cup of tea_______ house_______ child _______
photo ________ diary ______ day________ foot________ dress ________tooth______ sheep ______ box_______ strawberry __________ thief _______ yo-yo ______ peach______ sandwich______man______ woman_______paper_______people________
单选。
1.He does many _____.
A.work B.job C.works D.jobs
名词所有格
名词所有格一般是在名词后面加上’s,意为“。。。的”,表示所属关系。
1. 一般情况下,在单词词尾+’s
2. 以s结尾的复数名词,在词尾+‘
3. 不以s结尾的不规则复数名词,在词尾+’s
4. 若表示两者各自拥有的东西,在两个名词后面都+’s;若表示两者共同拥有一个东西,则只在后面的名词后+’s
5. 一些表示日期,时间,距离,国家名称的无生命的名词,也可加’s
6. 如果’s后面的词是商店,住宅等地点,后面的名词要省略。
感叹句
感叹句通常由what或how 引导,用以表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦等感情,句末一般用感叹号。
一.感叹句句型:
1. What +a (an)+形容词+可数名词单数(+主语+动词+!
What+形容词+可数名词复数或可数名词(+主语+其他)!
Eg: What a beautiful girl (she is)!
What beautiful girls (they are)!
2. how+形容词/副词(+主语+动词)!
How beautiful (the girl is)!
二.感叹句口诀:
陈改感叹并不难,what或how放最前;
形副紧跟how后,what要和名词连;
主语谓语在句末,它们省略也常见。
三.“一断,二加,三换位”法。
一断:在谓语后面断开,使句子分为两部分。Eg:He is / a good teacher.
二加:在第二部分前加上how或what。Eg:He is / what a good teacher.
三换位:把第一部分和第二部分位置互换,句号改成感叹号。
Eg:What a good teacher he is!
将下列句子改为感叹句。
1. The ship is big.
_______________________________________________________________________
2. This film is very good.
_______________________________________________________________________
3. He works very hard.
_______________________________________________________________________
4. It is a nice book.
_______ ________ nice present it is!
5. It is a funny day today.
_______ _________ sunny day it is day!
6. She plays basketball well.
_______ _________ she plays basketball!
Too 的用法
1.表示“也”的意思,用于句末。
Eg: Nice to meet you . Nice to meet you ,too.
2.表示“太”,强调程度。
3.有关too的短语:
“much too”表示“太….”=too
“too much+不可数名词” 表示“太多…..”=much
“too many+可数名词复数” 表示“太多…..=many
“too…to…”表示“太。。。而不能。。。”
too与also
too与also都有也的意思,两者都用于肯定句中,但位置不同。
Too常用于句末,口气轻,多用于口语
Also常用于句中,,口气较重,多用于书面语。
基数词和序数词
基数词:表示数目多少的数词。
序数词:表示先后顺序的数词。序数词前要加the。
基数词变序数词口诀:
基变序,有规律,词尾加上th;
一二三,特殊记,词尾字母tdd;
八去t,九去e,f 要把ve替。
Ty要把y变i,记住th前有个e。
若是遇见几十几,只变个位九可以。
用所给数词填空。
1. Sunday is the _____ day of a week. (one)
2. There are _______________ hours in a day. (twenty –four)
3. His sister is _______ years old.(ten)
4. Ten and five is ______.(five)
5. Teachers’ Day is on the ______ of September.(ten)
Some 和any
Some和any都有“一些”的意思,既修饰可数名词复数,又修饰不可数名词。
Some和any的用法口诀:
肯定句中用some,否定、疑问用any。
但有两点特殊记:
若表邀请或请求,疑问也要用some。
若表“任何一个“接单数,肯定也要用any。
Let型祈使句
Let+宾语+动词原形+其他(let sb. do sth.)
1. 表示“建议,劝导”
2. 表示“请求,命令”
表示到做某事的时间了
It’s time for+名词
It ‘s time to +动词
句子类型
1. 肯定句变否定句:
1) 有be动词,be动词后加not
2) 有情态动词,情态动词后加not
3) 有实义动词,借助动词do或does,再加not
2. 肯定句变一般疑问句:
1) 有be动词,be动词提前
2) 有情态动词,情态动词提前
3) 有实义动词,借助动词do或does,把do或does提前
3. 特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
喜欢做某事
Like doing
动词ing形式的变化规则:
1) 大部分动词直接在词尾+ing
2) 以不发音的字母e结尾的词,先去e,再加ing
3) 以单个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,先双写末尾的福音字母,再加ing
Like doing 和like to do
Like doing和like to do 都表示“喜欢做某事”
Like doing表示的是爱好或者经常性的行为
Like to do表示的是某一次的具体的行为。
情态动词can的用法
Can的用法口诀:
“我”是情态动词can,若表能力我承担;
不管主语怎么变,can的模样都不变;
动词原形站后边,一般疑问can提前;
否定can后not添,学好can很简单。
表达擅长做某事
Be good at+动词ing/名词/代词
询问职业
1. what +do/does +主语+do ?
2. what +is/are +…’s(物主代词)+job?
Help的用法
1. Help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事
2. Help sb. do sth.帮助某人做某事
询问某人怎么了
What’s wrong with..?
=what’s the matter?
询问别人多大了
How old+be+主语?
Look out小心
Wait a minute等一下
Don’t worry.别担心
First, …next…then…finally…
Merry Christmas!
( )1 .Kate ___playing chess .
A am B is C are
( )2 . Are you washing clothes ? _______ .
A Yes ,you are . B . Yes , I am . C .No ,I am
( )3 _____ do you do on the weekend ?
A What B When C Who
( )4 . Is he ____ TV ? Yes he is .
A watch B watching C not
( )5 _____ they taking pictures ? Yes ,they are
. A Am B Be C Are
( ) 6 - What’s ____with you ?I am hungry . -
A.wrong B. like C.would D.happy
( ) 7 – When do we have ____ ?_ At 12 o’clock .
A. breakfast B.dinnerC. supper D.lunch
( )8 What would you like to eat ?
_ I’d like a pizza
.____?
_A hot dog ,please .
A.What do you drink
B.How about you
C.What about you
D.Why about you
( )9 Is there a forest in the park? Yes, there ___.
A. Is B. isn’t C. are D. aren’t
( )10 Are there any rivers in the city? No, there ___.
A. is B. isn’t C. are D.aren’t
( )11.There ___ two bedrooms, a living room and a bathroom.
A. is B. am C. are D. was
( ) 12 .This is a picture ___ my room.
A. on B. of C. under D. beside
一、名词复数规则
1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:
bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:
family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:
knife-knives
5.不规则名词复数:
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice
child-children
foot-feet,.
tooth-teeth
fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese,
Japanese-Japanese
练习:
写出下列各词的复数
I _________
him _________
this ___________
her ______watch _______
child _______
photo ________
diary ______day________
foot________
book_______
dress ________
tooth______
sheep ______
box________
strawberry _____thief _______
fish______
peach______
sandwich ______man____
woman______
paper_______
juice___________
water________
milk________
rice__________
tea__________
二、一般现在时
一般现在时的构成
1. be动词:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如:I am a boy.我是一个男孩
2.行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如:We study English.我们学习英语。
当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如:
Mary likes Chinese.
一般现在时的变化
1. be动词的变化。否定句:主语+ be + not +其它。如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。
一般疑问句:Be +主语+其它。如:
-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.
特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:
Where is my bike?
2.行为动词的变化。否定句:主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。如:
I don't like br
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